...Psychopharmacology and Mental Health Counseling Psychopharmacology and Mental Health Counseling It seems that the more human development changes, the more there is a demand to understand the role of pharmaceuticals in daily life with regard to mental health. In the article, The Mental Heath Practitioner and psychopharmacology, "a growing challenge for mental health counselors is to understand the potential benefits and limitations of many different types of drugs" (Dickinson & Kaut, 2009 p. 204-205). Incorporating a thorough treatment plan, which might include the use of prescription drugs (Anderson & King, 2004). Recommending or Prescribing Medication It is imperative for today’s mental health counselors to understand their boundaries and roles when it comes to pharmacology and the patient. Having a clear and concise understanding of the benefits as well as the risk is an asset to the client, the prescribing professional, and the client (Anderson & King, 2004). Legal Limitation Counseling professionals that only have reached the master’s level of education do not possess the adequate training or knowledge to suggest medications to clients. This is why it is imperative for a licensed professional administer. A counselor may collaborate with a prescribing professional since he or she has an understanding of circumstances behind the recommendation. Ethical Limitation Consulting with clients as well as various medical professionals...
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...Psychopharmacology and Mental Health Counseling Samantha Jackson Walden University Psychopharmacology and Mental Health Counseling Kaut and Dicknson (2007) states “a growing challenge for mental health counselors is to understand the potential benefits and limitations of many different types of drugs “(.p204-205). Drugs are prescribed to have an effect on the brain and behavior of clients. Mental health counselors are advised to be trained in how psychotropic medications can benefit and be at risk for their clients and to develop a collaborative approach to treatment (Kaut & Anderson, 2004; King & Dickinson, 2007). While mental health counselors cannot prescribe medication, they can recommend medication and educated their clients about them. A mental health counselor must stay within legal and ethical boundaries, while doing what’s best for the client. Recommending or Prescribing Medication A mental health counselor has no legal right to prescribe, dispense or administer any medication. When recommending medication it is important for a mental health counselor to stay within ethical and legal boundaries, while working with prescribing doctors. When a mental health counselor is informed about pharmacological interventions it benefits the client, the counselor and the prescribing professional (King& Anderson, 2004). Legal Limitation Mental health counselors can recommend any medication that they are educated on. Legally a mental health counselor cannot...
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...Retrieved from http://www.recovery.org/topics/drug-and-alcohol-detoxification-process/ Detoxification or detox is the process in which an individual goes through a process of eliminating harmful toxins from drugs or alcohol from the body in a clinical setting (Coracao, 2015). The individual should be under direct supervision of a medical professional when managing the withdrawal symptoms due to the dangers withdrawal that present itself during the detoxification process. Each person is are unique and their treatment should be customized to their needs. The detoxification process will prepare the individual for the treatment process. Adams, S. (2012, October). Psychopharmacology of Alcohol Use | Articles. Retrieved from https://www.bap.org.uk/articles/psychopharmacology-of-alcohol-use/ The psychopharmacology of how alcohol functions in the human body is important because this helps us develop an understanding of how alcohol affects our behaviors and how it affects the manner in which we process our thoughts. The use of alcohol can lead to harmful issues which include short-term as well as long-term effects of alcohol use which can affect our overall function including the way we behave and think (Adams, 2012). Unfortunately, the use of alcohol seems like the remedy for the individual to deal with negative feelings since it alters the chemistry of the brain. ...
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...Lessons from the PoorMental illnesses are perceived by society as taboo. However with a correct Diagnoses and effective treatment plan people with psychiatric disorders can lead normal lives. I will address my feelings about certain psychiatric disorders and the people who suffer from them. Next I will discuss co-occurring disorders and how some are more serious than others. I will disclose my feelings about medical treatment of mental illnesses with pharmacotherapy. Finally I will discuss weather treating mental illness with psychopharmacology drugs are a poor solution or great advancements. Contrary to popular belief Psychiatric disorders are more prevalent than society wants to admit people simply avoid seeking treatment because of the social stigma attached. Psychiatric disorders are those that affect the thoughts and mood of individuals. However, when one hears the phrase Psychiatric disorder the first thought is insanity to the point of being confined to mental institution. Nevertheless this is far from the truth. While these disorders can wreak havoc in lives they can also be managed effectively when the correct treatment plan is coupled with counseling and medication. While treating these disorders can prove a difficult task it is the only way to prevent self-management with drugs and alcohol. While I do believe that people with psychiatric disorders can be effectively treated, one must understand all aspects of the puzzle to ensure the treatment method is effective...
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...Does caffeine improve study? : An examination of alertness, sustained attention and working memory with and without caffeine Does caffeine provide benefits in studying? Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is classified as a mild stimulant and is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world today (Koppelstaetter et al., 2010). It is found in many plant-based foods but is most commonly ingested in the form of tea and coffee (Ruxton, 2008). Additionally caffeine is comprised as an active ingredient in cola, chocolate, health food products such as guarana tablets, energy bars and drinks, over the counter and prescription medications (Nawrot et al., 2003) and even recently in chips. Although there is considerable variation in caffeine concentration depending on method of preparation, a cup of coffee supplies approximately 100mg of caffeine while tea provides 50mg of caffeine on average (Julien et al., 2008). Of people who habitually consume caffeine, the daily average intake is 200 – 500mg, which is ingested in approximately 50 - 100mg doses across the course of a day (Brice & Smith, 2002). Once ingested caffeine is rapidly absorbed across the wall of the gastrointestinal tract with plasma concentration levels peaking 60 to 90 minutes after ingestion (Julien et al., 2008). The psychostimulant effects of caffeine (which include improved psychomotor and cognitive performance) have long been documented with a number of neurotransmitters...
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...Caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive drug in the world (Solinas et al, 2002). Caffeine has been known to have many side effects on hour external behavior and our internal physiological behavior. We use caffeine in our lives to sometimes stay awake to study or just get through the day. Caffeine decreases the blood flow to the brain by constricting the blood vessels but can also increase blood flow after continuous intake that may cause headaches (Kalat, 2004). Caffeine has a tendency to block adenosine (A1-, A2A-, A2B-, A3), which increases throughout the day to allow us to sleep and then decreases as we sleep which allows us to wake. Thus, if caffeine blocks adenosine we are unable to sleep when feeling the urge or wanting to sleep, which may cause us to decrease our caffeine intake. Caffeine acts to antagonize adenosine receptors, which then affects cell populations because it counteracts many adenosine effects. The caffeine mainly has an effect on the A2a adenosine receptors which then elevates the energy metabolism in the brain and also causes a decrease in cerebral blood flow (Cameron,et.al, 1990; Ghelardini, et.al, 1997; Nehliget.al,1992; Neuhauser-Berthold et.al, 1997). Along with caffeine affecting the adenosine it also has an effect on GABA receptors and the release of dopamine (Nehlig et.al, 1992). Caffeine not only blockades adenosine it also releases intracellular calcium, inhibits phosphodiesterases and blockade...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Paper Jeston Walker PSY/250 December 8, 2014 Ronald Goodnight Introduction In this paper I will analyze one of your habits, how did I develop this habit, were there role models for this habit, and which people influenced the adoption of this habit. I will explain why do I continue the habit and has there been a time when I have attempted to break this habit. I will use the behavioral personality theory to explain why I have this habit. I will describe components of social/cognitive theory that explain why the habit formed. I will develop a plan that applies operant conditioning to change this habit. Between the behavioral and social/cognitive theories, I will also describe which one do I find best explains my personality. Analyze one of your habits. How did you develop this habit? Were there role models for this habit? Which people influenced the adoption of this habit? My smoking habit began before I even turned 18. I tried my first cigarette around the age of 16, and I was addicted by the time I turned 18. It was several reasons why I developed the habit of smoking. A lot of my family members that was closed too were smokers. Their friends encourage them to try cigarettes, and to keep smoking. They saw smoking as a way of rebelling and showing independence. They think that everyone else is smoking, and that they should, too. Also I used to see tobacco advertising all the time, which targeted a lot of teenagers around...
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...MDMA Influence and Clinical Implications Northern Illinois University Sassalee Tate and Arlilian Tisden Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify causing factors of Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) addictions. MDMA has a target population of young adults, more specifically college students. The drug has been used to distort perception and create a euphoric sensation among users. MDMA was not created for recreational usage, but to treat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). Through MDMA’s growing popularity referenced in social media as “Molly” the clinical intention has been depleted. Introduction Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been highly influential on society throughout the course of time. The drug has served multiple purposes such as a psychotherapeutic treatment and recreational usage. MDMA provides a euphoric experience for participants, heightening their emotional status at the time of ingestion. MDMA has become extremely potent and easily accessible to youth and young adults. This once military based substance has become a mainstream party drug. Many refer to MDMA as “Molly” or “Ecstasy”. The drug appears as a powdered substance withheld in a capsule or tablet. Most individuals administer the drug orally. Due to popularity in social media, MDMA’s use among young adults has increased. History MDMA was first introduced and produced by Merck in 1912, a manufacturer and pharmaceutical corporation (Bouso, Doblin, Farré, Alcázar &...
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...University of Phoenix Material APA Divisions Worksheet Complete the following chart using the Dvisions section on the American Psychological Association website: www.apa.org. Choose five different divisions of psychology in which you are interested. Include an explanation of each division as well as three possible careers. After completing the chart, respond to the question below. |Divisions |Explanation of Division (50-75 words) |Possible Careers | |Trauma Psychology |Trauma Psychology Division provides information |1. Mental Health Centers | | |on scientific research, education for |2. VA | | |professionals and individuals for research and |3. Hospital | | |is also a reliable source for professional | | | |support amogunst peers. This division was | | | |established in 2006, and it continues to grow | | | |providing more education and awareness. A trauma| ...
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...Prework for LASA 2 In the article by Collins, Kashdan and Gollnisch, talks about the “limitations of paper-and pencil self-monitoring (PM)” (2003, p. 73). One of the techniques for getting data on drinking and the inner mood of someone is known as paper-and-pencil self-monitoring (PM) (Collins, Kashdan, & Gollnisch, 2003). Some of the limitations of this (PM) system are the possibility of false data, and not being able to get accurate background data to understand the behaviors that are trying to be monitored. This method was compared to the cell phone monitoring (CM) to gather data on alcohol use. The research concludes that CM and IVR is a lucrative way to gather self-monitoring data (Collins, Kashdan, & Gollnisch, 2003). The research in this study analysis the difference between passenger’s conversations in a vehicle with the driver and driving while talking on a cell phone. To be safe the research all took place in a driving simulator, while having different driving distractions come up in the simulator. These were broken down into three different levels of driving performance. “First is an operational or control level, second involves skills needed for maneuvering the vehicle in traffic, and the last is more executive, goal-directed aspects of driving” (Drews, Pasupathi, & Strayer, 2008, p. 392). The research indicates that both the cell phone conversations and passenger conversations have their own different impacts on the driver’s ability to drive. The driver’s...
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...others as well. SLEEP DEPRIVATION VS ALCOHOL AND DRIVING 5 References Durmer, J. S., & Dinges, D. F. (2005, March). Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. In Seminars in neurology(Vol. 25, No. 01, pp. 117-129). Copyright© 2005 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.. Hindmarch, I., Bhatti, J. Z., Starmer, G. A., Mascord, D. J., Kerr, J. S., & Sherwood, N. (1992). The effects of alcohol on the cognitive function of males and females and on skills relating to car driving. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental, 7(2), 105. Inoue, Y., & Komada, Y. (2014). Sleep loss, sleep disorders and driving accidents. Sleep & Biological Rhythms, 12(2), 96-105. doi:10.1111/sbr.12064 Starkey, N. J., & Charlton, S. G. (2014). The effects of moderate alcohol concentrations on driving and cognitive performance during ascending and descending blood alcohol concentrations. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental, 29(4), 370-383. doi:10.1002/hup.2415 Retrieved from https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+peter+5%3A8&version=KJV ...
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...Social Problems; Article Review Sociology 142, MW 11 28th October 2009 Table of Contents 1. Newspaper * Pornography- “Filter can shield kids from smut” * By: Rebecca Hagelin’ * Summary of newspaper article 2. Journal * Drugs & Alcohol- “Alcoholism; Recent findings in alcoholism” * By: B.J. Mason * Summary of journal article 3. Magazine * Violence- “Cartoon violence makes children more aggressive” * By: Laura Clark * Summary of magazine article 4. Bibliography The Washington Times April 27, 2009 Monday “Filter can shield kids from smut” BYLINE: By Rebecca Hagelin, SPECIAL TO THE WASHINGTON TIMES SECTION: CULTURE; HOW TO SAVE YOUR FAMILY; A14 LENGTH: 659 wordsCulture challenge of the week: Internet pornographyAmerica is raising a generation of children on porn - and your child just might be one of them. According to the London School of Economics, nine out of 10 teens who go online will view pornography. The Kaiser Family Foundation reports that 70 percent of those who viewed porn stumbled across it - many while innocently doing their homework - and had not been looking for it.The purveyors of hard-core porn are so fixated on creating addicts out of our sons and daughters that they have made it virtually impossible for children to escape their clutches. Even one mistyped letter can lead your child into a sordid world where women are objectified, where there are no lines...
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...the disease rate because people share and we have to worry about them spreading their diseases. The ill who are alcoholics become violent and cause a lot of arguments. In many communities throughout the country, there are many organizations that help with providing clean and safe environment for these people. Some communities offer AA meetings or NA meetings. These meetings help the addicts talk about their problems and see that they are not alone in facing their daily struggles. There are plenty of resources that people can use in order to get healthy and on their feet again. References University Website Source Stein, Judith A., U California, Dept ofPsychology, Los Angeles, Us Gelberg, Lillian. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol3 (1), Feb, 1995. Pp. 75-86:...
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...clients instead of patients because the term patient has a sick connotation. Likewise, some clinicians prefer to treat problems in living rather than mental illnesses or mental disorders. While these terms might seem like mere semantic distinctions, they have political and sociocultural implications. One label that is often used in the treatment of severe mental disorders is that of disease. I find it important to remember that the disease perspective is but one perspective among other competing models. Some theorists and clinicians would argue against this perspective, or at least delimit some disorders to the realm of disease (e.g., dementia) and others to realm of behavioral disorders (e.g., ADHD). Once upon a time, many years ago, my psychopharmacology professor (an MD psychiatrist) made the comment that, many clinicians treat anxiety as if it was a Valium deficiency. Fast forwarding to the current day, perhaps we can say that depression is frequently treated as if it was a Prozac (or Pristiq) deficiency. My point is this: When medical treatments are used to treat mental disorders, these disorders are easily classified as medical diseases. This reminds me of a saying: If the only tool you have is a hammer, you go about treating all problems as if they were nails. For a very provocative ‘classic’ anti-medical establishment perspective on mental illness, you might want to consider reading the book The Myth of Mental Illness by Thomas Szasz, MD. My intention in sharing this perspective...
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...as an increase in relaxation. In examining drugs and their effects on behaviors, psychopharmacologists are most interested in two different principles about the drug. First, they want to look at the pharmacokinetics of the drug. This means that they examine how the drug is absorbed by the body, distributed throughout bodily systems, and how the body metabolizes and excretes the substance. Secondly, researchers are concerned with pharmacodynamics, which is an examination of how the drug interacts with various neurotransmitters, receptors and other sites of action in the body. Examining these two areas allows scientists to see how the drug works and predict what effect the drug will have on behavior. Individuals in the field of psychopharmacology have discovered that drugs can interact with neurotransmission in a number of ways. First a drug can act as an agonist, or it can act as a neurotransmitter. This is the case with heroin. Heroin has the same chemical shape as opioid neurotransmitters that are found in the body. Thus, when heroin is used it binds to opioid receptors in the body and produces changes in behavior including feelings of euphoria. Another way that drugs can affect behavior is by blocking the receptor site. For example, certain antipsychotic drugs, block dopamine receptors to decrease the effects of dopamine...
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