...ijcrb.webs.com SEPTEMBER 2010 VOL 2, N O 5 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS The Impact of Information Technology (IT) on Decision-Making Process in the Public Sector Dr. Mohamad Noor Al-Jedaiah Assistance Prof. Abstract M.I.S Department Al Ahliyya Amman University This paper aims to identify the impact of information technology on the decision-making process in the public sector. By citing international experiences (The Taxation System in Europe Union) and the Solid Waste Association of North America as case studies, the most important findings were: (a) Public sector has to gather complex information through using technological equipment and software. (b) Public sector organizations can build their own information systems. (c) Information systems provide a significant help to the decision maker, and enable to exchange information with other governments. Keywords: Impact , Information Technology (IT) , Decision-Making Process ,Public Sector 1. Introduction Nowadays, organizations, individuals and the whole society are effected by the information and communication revolution, in their thinking manners, doing things, leadership styles of businesses, and even their life style. Organizations, either in the public sector or private sector are working to achieve their planned objectives through implementing strategies and plans that enable them to achieve these goals efficiently. Information now is available to any user in a wide range;...
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...Public Leadership “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things” is a famous quote from Peter Drucker (Psychology Today, 2002-2013). According to Rushaw, author of Leading Public Organization: An Interactive Approach, defines leadership “as an interactive relationship involving power and influence to secure goals and achieve satisfactory reward” (p. 14). A key objective of public leadership is to influence the behaviors of the followers by the leaders to aid in achieving goals. The nature of influence determines the form of power in public leadership, that refers to the ability of a leader to influence others. There are three main sources of power at the expense of the leader to enhance organizational productivity and efficiency; they are legitimate, referent, and expert forms of power. It is as important in knowing and understanding the difference between the private and public sector organizations as it is to know and understand the privacy laws. The privacy laws varies depending on the legislation that an organization is governed under. Leadership in Public Sector According to Rusaw (2001), “the nature of public leaderships is defined by the constitutional basis of his or her work. Public service is chartered by legislation, meaning that the content, scope, and relationship of work is related not to enterprise, but to the authority of law” (p. 2). A public sector organization is an organization owned and operated by the local, state, and...
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...1. Introduction As part of public sector reform, or new public management, a number of key factors have led to a greater emphasis on establishing, building and sustaining relationships between, within and outside government. The purpose of managing out is to ensure that the public sector develops strong relationships with the external world. This may include groups, organisations or individuals who are users of government services; collectively they are referred to as citizens. Key Factors The key factors underpinning public sector reform include, but are not limited to the following:- - Demand by the public for improved quality of service and improved service delivery. This may also include customisation of services so they are relevant to the individual, community or organisation; - Changes in public policy or direction which includes stakeholder engagement that ensures benefits realisation where the end-user receives the benefits of the project. The New South Wales (NSW) Department of Finance and Services (2011, p. 27), states benefits realisation is “measurable improvement resulting from an outcome which is perceived as an advantage by a stakeholder”; - Requirements for transparency and accountability because of the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in governance systems and processes. Riley (2002), refers to this concept as e-governance (see Figure 1); - Increased emphasis on partnerships to meet pressures of globalisation and...
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...Discuss the concepts of centralized vs. decentralized purchasing authority, identify their relative advantages and disadvantages, and provide examples of when each may be appropriate. Centralized purchasing authority relies on one person to make decisions and direct the company. Sometimes in small businesses this is used because the owner is typically responsible for the operations of the company. The person held accountable in centralized authority structures is held accountable by the top management for proper performance of the purchasing activities. Often in smaller businesses this is necessary to attain a high operating efficiency and to maximize profits. The power of decision making is in just a few positions and there is typically little input from other positions. In large organizations this can be a good tactic if there is little segmentation among the business. In decentralized structures there are several people making decisions and running operations. In decentralized styles there is a team of people and different levels in the business. With having a larger team making decisions employees are usually empowered to make business decisions. Centralized authority can create extreme efficiency for a business. Usually the owner of the business can develop a mission and vision and set specific objectives for the managers to follow to achieve the desired goals. There is potentially a reduction of potential duplication of effort and the ability to leverage...
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...PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING Assignment 5 ------------------------------------------------- Melina Subastian / 296511 Number 3: Based on five public sector accounting techniques, which one do you prefer as the best to be applied? Explain your answer! First of all, I think it is necessary to observe the five techniques that can be applied in public sector accounting in order to decide which one is the best to be applied. 1. Budget Accounting. This technique presents the budgeted amount and the actual amount recorded in pairs (double entry). 2. Commitment Accounting. This accounting technique recognizes transactions and records them at the time the order was issued. This can be used in conjunction with cash accounting and accrual accounting. 3. Fund Accounting. The technique is performed with the concept of fund. It treats a working unit as an accounting entity and budget entity which stands alone. 4. Cash Accounting. In this technique, revenues are recorded when cash is received, and expenses are recorded when cash is removed. 5. Accrual Accounting. This technique differentiates between cash revenues and rights to earn cash, and cash expenditures and obligations to pay cash. In my opinion, accrual accounting technique is the best technique to use for public sector organizations. In this technique, revenues and expenses are recognized when earned or incurred, regardless of whether cash is received or spent. The use of the accrual basis in the public sector is one...
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....... 5 2.1. Country experiences ................................................................................................................5 2.2. Ability of women in leadership positions to influence change .....................................................6 2.3. Instruments and methodologies to measure impact ..................................................................8 3. Theme Two: Factors that influence women’s access to decision-making positions —views from public administration, the judiciary and the private sector................................................................. 9 3.1. Representation of women in the public sector.........................................................................10 3.2. Representation of women in the judiciary...............................................................................12 3.2. Representation of women in the private sector .......................................................................13 4. Theme Three: Factors that influence women’s access to decision-making positions —views from civil society, trade unions, professional associations, academia,...
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...this essay, as the component characteristics of partnerships as set out above are often overlooked by organisations and individuals when approaching the delivery of activities ‘in partnership’. In theory, partnership involves collaborative working where people pool ideas and expertise, so the leadership, energy and services produced are greater than the sum of their individual capabilities. It also requires re-thinking the remit or boundaries of organisations within which leadership is to be distributed and respected. This is particularly relevant when considering partnerships to deliver single outcome agreements that have previously been the responsibility of one body, or several bodies in isolation. These are challenges to which public sector organisations (and those with a statutory remit to deliver) must now respond. This recognises that “expertise is owned by the many rather than the few” (Gronn, 2002), and requires trust and a multi-agency approach for successful delivery. Working in partnership is a crucial task for councils, police forces, health authorities and NHS trusts. The number of partnerships is set to increase,...
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...corruption. BARRIERS Slowdown in the growth of GDP , a virtual stagnation in industrial production, and the risk of loosing the investments grade rating by international rating agencies like Standard and Poor’s has rattled the government and industry. The policy makers are favoring the introduction of FDI in service sectors like retail, insurance as a means to reverse the slowdown in the economy. But sustained growth is possible only if there is a healthy manufacturing sector. In the last years India has hardly invested in the physical infrastructure which has hampered the development of manufacturing sector increasing the costs of transportation. India’s overdependence on the service sector and slow growth in manufacturing has been the reason for deceleration in the pace of economy. The presence of corruption and bad governance has made the situation worse. Given the high levels of corruption and bad governance has affected the quality and quality of investment and hence might not be able to make India more competitive. Major scams have broken out in resource sectors like, real estate, mining and ores and spectrum. As a result of these scams the decision making has come to a standstill and...
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...RESOURCES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY guidance on the application of community development approaches to different aspects of anti-poverty and social inclusion work €10 Siobhán Lynam Bridgewater Centre, Conyngham Road, Islandbridge, Dublin 8 Tel: 01 670 6746 Fax: 01 670 6760 Email: info@combatpoverty.ie Website: www.combatpoverty.ie COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY Siobhán Lynam Community Development and Public Policy 1 © 2006 ISBN: 1-905485-11-5 While every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate, no legal responsibility is accepted by the author or Combat Poverty for any errors or omissions. The views expressed in this publication are the author’s own and not necessarily those of Combat Poverty Agency. 2 Community Development and Public Policy CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface 4 5 Introduction Background to the publication Structure of the publication 6 6 Section 1: Defining public policy 1.1 What is public policy? 1.2 How is policy made? 1.3 The public policy cycle 1.4 Example of a community organisation’s impact on policy 7 7 8 13 16 Section 2: A community-development approach to policy making 2.1 Giving voice to excluded groups 2.2 Characteristics of a community-development approach 2.3 Value of adopting a community-development approach 18 18 19 21 Section 3: Influencing public policy making 3.1 Develop a policy agenda 3...
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...[pic][pic] Corporate Governance and Performance An Exploration of the Connection in a Public Sector Context By Meredith Edwards & Robyn Clough Issues Series Paper No. 1 January 2005 Preface This paper is part of a major project - Corporate Governance in the Public Sector: An evaluation of its Tensions, Gaps and Potential. The project will provide the first comprehensive theoretical and empirical work on corporate governance in the Commonwealth public sector. It has been designed to enhance communication and participation in governance across government, industry, and the community by improving corporate governance literacy and making information publicly available. The project is a collaborative venture between three University of Canberra research centres and key governmental and industry partners including the Australian National Audit Office, the Australian Government Department of Finance and Administration, Deloitte, Touche, Tohmatsu, CPA Australia and MinterEllison Lawyers. This paper is the first in a series that will be produced by researchers and industry partners involved in the project. The aim of the series is to identify and explore key emerging public sector governance issues and encourage wider discussion and activity. The series has been designed for public sector practitioners and corporate governance ‘enthusiasts’ across the public and private sectors. All papers will be broadly distributed and will be available online - www.canberra...
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...The IMPLeMeNTATION OF IFRS IN The UK DeVOLVeD ADMINISTRATIONS Ciaran Connolly Tony Wall The IMPLeMeNTATION OF IFRS IN The UK DeVOLVeD ADMINISTRATIONS by Ciaran Connolly Tony Wall Published by CA house 21 haymarket Yards edinburgh eh12 5Bh First published 2013 © 2013 ISBN 978-1-904574-94-1 eAN 9781904574941 This report is published for the Research Committee of The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Council of the Institute or the Research Committee. No responsibility for loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any material in this publication can be accepted by the authors or publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Printed and bound in Great Britain by Garnett Dickinson CONTeNTS Foreword .................................................................................................................... Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. executive summary ...................
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...Introduction Public administration is the execution of government strategies for Canada and any other nation for that subject. It also studies this execution and ensures that the civil servants work towards achieving the government goals and objectives. Public administration is both a field of performance and an academic authority that caters for the obligations of the government in Canada. As a field of analysis with miscellaneous scale, its elementary objective is to ensure that there is progress in policies and management that make the Canadian government function (Robert and Denhardt 213). This administration offers public programs management, translates politic into reality, and studies the decisions that the government makes. The Canadian administration also analyzes the policies, and the inputs that make the policies. Public administration works to organize the programs and policies plus the official’s behaviors. Private administration in Canada is responsible for the processes of retailing, manufacturing, and supply of products and services in exchange for currency (Dwivedi, Byron, Sheldrick and Tim 123). The Canadian public administration handles data in a different way from private administration. People who work in private administration do not have the right to get information regarding private industry or business. Canadian government agencies need the private administration to report data like times records, employee earnings and demographics, and other laws necessary...
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...PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE 1.0. Introduction: One of the main distinguishing factors between public and private sector organisations lies in their objectives and sometimes funding structure. While public sector bodies have a more social objective and focus more on the allocation or distribution of public goods and services within the country, private sector bodies have the main objective of increasing the wealth of their shareholders (IFAC, 2011). However, both private and public sector bodies face similar operational and business challenges brought on by the economic environment and climate. A crucial question therefore is how to account for the activities of private sector bodies and public sector bodies in a way that reflects the operational structure of the organisation and yet their varying objectives (Barton, 2000). There exist two main schools of thought on the nature of accounting in the public sector, each of which is formulated by the view of the role of the public sector within the economy (Evans, 1995). The traditional method of accounting within public sector organisations has often advocated the use of the cash basis of accounting, with larger emphasis rather placed on compliance with the rules and regulations governing the sector (Wynne, 2003). However, weaknesses in public sector management have brought to the fore the importance of efficiency and hence the adoption of the accrual method of accounting within the public sector. According to...
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...Identify three things that you found important in Public-Sector Information Systems and briefly explain why they are important. Answer: Upon study and research there are a number of things which I found very important and fundamental to the Public-Sector Information Systems. 1. The Human Dimension: The Information Technology and Human Knowledge go hand-in-hand and the connection, correlation and the interdependence between the two will lead to improved learning, better decision making, and stronger problem solving skills. Adding the human dimension will make the Public Sector Information Systems truly the people oriented services. 2. Build Organization Resource: Understand the data, draw related information and realize the true benefits by converting it to an organization resource. Distinguishing properly between the Transaction Processing Systems & DSS and treat information accordingly. 3. Distinguish Information: Understand the information, derive the knowledge and distinguish between the structured and the unstructured knowledge. Segregate the concrete information from the abstract and irrelevant information. At the same time it is also very important to ensure ethical use of information. 4. Technological know-how: Collecting and understanding data and deriving information is one aspect of Information System Management. Alongside it is also very important to be technically skilled enough (using IT languages or using the Data Management Tools) to communicate efficiently...
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...investing in financial industry. Cases like these proves that without ethical leadership, the tendency of negative influences to appear within the employees of the organization will generate trust issues among peers and lack of faith in the leadership of the leaders of the organization which will result in unproductive and inefficiency in the organization. Ethical leadership is defined as the process of influencing people through principles, values and beliefs of something that we believe as the right behavior. The practice of ethical leadership is increasingly popular in every modern organizations nowadays even though its started gaining momentum in the early 20th century when leaders realized the relation of ethical practices and decision making contributes to efficiency and business profitability. This realization has lead to the development of 4-V model of ethical leadership by Dr. Bill Grace, a framework that aligns the internal factors i.e. beliefs and values with the external...
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