...Policy Development Prison crowding is becoming more and more of an issue in the United States. Every day the problem continues to grow as each person who is arrested, taken into to custody and ultimately convicted joins the prison population. Concerns have been raised when it comes to the topic of prison and its population by everyone from the public to law makers. Over the years, the growth of prison capacity has been slightly behind that of the inmate population always resulting in an overcrowding issue. “There has been no consistent evidence that crowding is associated with mortality, morbidity, recidivism, violence, or other pathological behaviors, but rather due to changes to both federal and state sentencing policies. These changes have increased the proportion of the individuals who are charged with felonies and sentence to lengthy jail and prison sentences” (Van Ness, 2008). In addressing any problem area, one first must define the terms or operational definitions. “The United States Supreme Court on November 30, 2010, heard oral argument in Schwarzenegger v. Plata about whether a federal court in California properly ordered the release of 40,000 prisoners to relieve the severe overcrowding in the state's prisons that has led to inadequate medical and mental health care for prisoners” (“U.S. Supreme Court Reviews Prison Overcrowding And Horrendous Conditions Of Confinement,” 2010). “America’s prisons now hold more than 2.3 million people, and many of the...
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...Policy Development Natausha Crespin CJA/464 November 3, 2014 Kim Chapman Policy Development Domestic violence can be described as any form of deliberate coercion, bodily harm, sexual assault, or any other form of violent behavior committed by an intimate partner. Domestic violence has plagued all walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Violence against an intimate partner is frequently followed by psychological abuse and controlling behavior relating to the methodical blueprint of power and control. Domestic violence comes in many forms but not always seen by the naked eye. Domestic violence constitutes forms of physical abuse, psychological abuse or even death that can be seen by other family members possibly causing a continuous cycle of abuse for generations to come. Facts and Statistics It is hard to grasp the notion that somewhere in the world every nine seconds a woman is being beaten or assaulted. On average, 85% of victims of domestic violence are women and 1 in every three women will endure some form of domestic violence in their natural life. Sadly enough only one fourth of all victims who have been physically assaulted by an intimate partner will actually report it to the police, implying that official statistics will never justify the full scope of the problem. The average age of a female victim who is at the greatest risk of harm by an intimate partner is between 20 to 24 years old. Domestic violence is...
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...Policy Development CJA/464 Policy Development Prison overcrowding has been a major problem in this country for the last 20 years. This problem stemmed from many different causes or reasons. The fundamental breakdown of the correctional system as a whole has contributed to this problem. This has caused havoc within our system in many different ways especially from a financial standpoint. It cost a tremendous amount of money to house prisoners, and death row inmate’s cost of incarceration is astronomically high. As this paper goes along we will look at some of the reasons as to why our prisons are overcrowded, and how we might be able to remedy the situation. Prison overcrowding has become an issue in just about every state in the country, and especially in California, New York, and Texas. In 1980 there were states that a tougher outlook on crime which in turn resulted in several new policies that were adopted. California adopted, and enforced the three-strike policy, and New York implemented the broken window policy. According to Jerome Mullins,” the three strike law has significantly increased the overcrowding of prisons” (Mullins, 2005). This policy increases the prison sentence for those already serving time although it also prevents a person previously convicted from receiving any punishment other prison time. California had major impacts due to this law from the onset, and in less than a year major implications begin to surface. After a mere six months there were over...
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...Policies For Curriculum Development Ashanti C. Chambers Grand Canyon University 10/30/2013 Policies For Curriculum Development Instructional practices and there implementation are crucial to the success or failure of students. In order to achieve high-level learners based on a standardized curriculum, instructional practices must be examine and analyzed to ensure that all student’s needs are met. There are proven instructional practices that have led to higher level learning and student success that are engaging and allow students to be responsible for their own learning. By aligning these practices with a standard based curriculum, students can be successful at applying their learning to real world problem solving while passing the curriculum-based assessments to determine student growth. Marzano’s High Yield Strategies It has been said that teacher are made, not born. Robert J. Marzano used this premise to start his work on creating instructional strategies that can make any teacher an effective instructor. An important study during the late 1960’s indicated that teachers form expectations about their students’ chances for academic success and then interact with students on the basis of those expectations (Marzano, 2010, p. 82). This basically says that teachers often treats students according to what they expect each can do based on their abilities. With these expectations, students will usually start to act in accordance with the expectation that this treatment...
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...Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations – Spring Trimester 2010 Topic: Cameroon’s Trade and Development Policies: Analysis and recent Tendencies Student: ANYANGWE Fombang Claudius Course: International Trade and Development: 21st Century Issues Instructor: Prof. Dr. Gustavo Olivares Abstract: Cameroon was one of the few privileged countries to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 as a founding member while establishing a Common External Tariff (CET) to enhance intraregional trade under the CEMAC economic bloc. This accession came at a time when Cameroon was implementing drastic structural reforms to handle the scourge of the great economic depression of the 1990s that spread as wildfire across most African countries. In struggling to advance the IMF-World Bank proposed structural reforms of economic liberalization and privatization, WTO was seen as an appropriate panacea for the devastated economic situation by providing a multilateral trading system where Cameroon could gain greater market access for its products and attract foreign direct investment. This paper analyzes the trade and development policies that Cameroon has adopted within the framework of the WTO and other economic partnership agreements in addressing the developmental and economic problems facing Cameroon. The study explores Cameroon’s past and ongoing negotiations geared towards the objectives for an open trade regime. The study concludes that despite the loopholes in WTO that...
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...A Criticism of Neoliberal Policies as a Method of Development * Neoliberalism is a philosophical theory that uses market value as the primary method of evaluating all aspects of life. Thus, the market is seen as the template for all other activities within a society, even those that involve an ethical dimension. (Paul Sukys, 2009) Thesis Statement: The pro-market principles that neoliberalism encourages do have benefits that, if managed realistically, are means of development and sustainment for countries worldwide. * “The neoliberal doctrine emphasizes competition over cooperation and in doing so encourages each individual to pursue his or her own well being, thus effectively creating "companies of one" who will sell whatever they possess (talents, property, abilities, education, and so on) in order to accumulate "points," in whatever way those points may be defined within a given system.” (Jason Read, 2008) * “Neoliberalization has not been very effective in revitalizing global capital accumulation, but it has succeeded remarkably well in restoring, or in some instances (as in Russia and China) creating, the power of an economic elite...” (David Harvey, 2007) * Neoliberalism is an ideology, method of governance, and a set of policies which originated out of classical liberalism and as a backlash to Keynesianism during the early 1980’s (Steger and Roy 2010:10-11) * Neoliberal intellectuals insisted that the ‘free market’ was a superior mechanism for...
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...Factors that Shape Policies in Sports Development in the UK Communities. Name + Code: Professor’s Name: University’s Name: State/City: In the community, sports seem to be a form of utilizing leisure time. Apart from being a form of recreation, it is also a profession activity. Thus, it is a common phenomenon to see teenagers as well adults engaging in sports activities such as football, swimming, hockey, and running. Sports have a number of benefits to the community that tend to help the teenagers and the adults. For instance, it keeps young people busy; thus, they do not have time to engage in drug abuse and crime. The frequent exercises often improve the physical health of the population; thus, they avoid diseases such as obesity (Coalter, 2007). Such benefits need the intervention of the government to improve the state of the sporting facilities. Therefore, the government must establish policies that will ensure efficiency in the sports department. Such policies will go ahead and improve the state of sports in the community level. The essence of improving sports at the ground level is to tap the talent of the youngsters (DCMS, 2008). A wide pool of talent will ensure success of the country in international sports activities. A number of factors such as employment, engagement, investment as well as the countries prestige tend to encourage policy development in sports. In essence, such factors tend to shape policy developments in community sports (Coalter, 2007). Although everyone...
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...Monetary Policy and Capital Market Development in Bangladesh Policy Note: PN 0708 Shubhasish Barua* and Md. Habibour Rahman* Abstract Bangladesh Bank (BB) adjusted its monetary policy stance during 2005 in order to contain inflationary pressures and facilitate stability in the foreign exchange market. At the end of 2005, interest rates on NSD certificates were also adjusted upward. The latter development, however, raised some concern among different economic agents regarding its possible impact on the country's capital market. In this paper we attempt to closely inspect the evolvement of monetary policy and capital market indicators in recent years and their possible interrelationship to shed some light on the issue. Since prices of stocks are mainly determined by company fundamentals, monetary policy can have only short term effect on stock prices. Even in the short run, effect of interest rates on stock prices is less clear-cut, and in a less developed capital market like Bangladesh, stock prices do tend to respond, for short term, to new reform measures and government incentives. 1. Introduction Bangladesh Bank (BB) adjusted its monetary policy stance during 2005 in order to contain inflationary pressures and facilitate stability in the foreign exchange market. At the end of 2005, interest rates on NSD certificates (government borrowing instruments from the non-bank public) were also adjusted upward. The latter development, however, raised some concern among different...
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...STATUS OF MICRO FINANCE IN CLOMBIA (MD. IBRAHIM KHOLILULLAH, DEPT OF AG.FINANCE, BAU MOB: 01718996557) INTRODUCTION Microfinance is the provision of financial services, such as credit, savings, and insurance services, to those who are most likely to be denied access to the traditional banking system. A typical client for a microfinance institution (MFI) is a person too poor to pay usual bank fees for savings accounts or other services or to provide sufficient collateral to back loans. Microfinance aims to bring out the skills of the poor and allow them to propel themselves out of poverty through providing financial services with which they can protect assets and grow microenterprises. MFIs have developed many innovative financial products to offer their clients beyond credit, such as microsavings, money transfer vehicles, and microinsurance. Microfinance is a growing industry throughout the developing world and comprises commercial banks, regulated banks, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and nonprofit organizations (NPOs). With approximately 17 million impoverished, there is a large market for the microfinance industry to capture; yet, in Colombia, it is not nearly as well established as in neighboring countries. Peru and Bolivia, for example, are among the world’s most competitive and innovative microfinance markets (The World Factbook). A NOTE ABOUT COLOMBIA Capital and largest city | Bogotá, D.C 4°35′N 74°4′W | Official languages | Spanish | Recognised regional languages...
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...Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK Gareth Evans Technical Directorate, Ofgem The British Electricity & Gas Regulator 1 gareth.evans@ofgem.gov.uk ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK • Introducing Ofgem • The challenge of DG • Connection incentives • The Electricity Networks Strategy Group • The Energy White Paper • Conclusions 2 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK • Introducing Ofgem • The challenge of DG • Connection incentives • The Electricity Networks Strategy Group • The Energy White Paper • Conclusions 3 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design About • Total staff currently ~300 • Principal disciplines: – Economists 50% – Finance/Admin 15% – Legal 6% – Social/Environmental 6% – Technical 6% • Overall Budget ~£30m per year 4 Ofgem’s main office near Houses of Parliament + small office in Glasgow ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Principal objective • Our first priority is to protect the interests of consumers now and for the future. We do this by: – promoting markets/competition wherever appropriate, and – regulating effectively the monopoly companies which run the gas and electricity networks 5 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra...
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...On The Development of Comprehensive Information Security Policies for Organizations The article selected for review is titled, “On the Development of Comprehensive Information Security Policies for Organizations.” The article is from the International Journal of Academic Research; the authors are Fahad T. Bin Muhaya, Fazl-e-Hadi, and Abid Ali Minhas. The article offers guidelines on the development of information security policies for organizations based on a proposed framework. The introduction of the article emphases the importance of protecting information, “Information security failures have gradually damage many progressing organizations; ruining its repute, reducing customer trust and ultimately lose its market share.” I believe is this a very strong introductory statement. The introduction of the article also implies that a new form of terroristic attacks may come from breaching organizations and accessing sensitive information. The authors further suggest that information security comprises of three elements which are human, organizational, and technological vulnerabilities. The article objective is clearly stated as a tool on how to develop or improve information security. The development approach when viewing an organizational structure is defined in the article as threats versus defense. The article identifies security policy issues at the environment, application, cryptography, network, and physical layers. This is a simple definition but I feel that viewing...
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...Policies for Budget Development Policy Comments Overall, it appears that Hector Corporation has a solid annual budget development policy in place. There is a budget committee that Hector Corporation sets up in order to drive the budget process. The company’s controller, who is responsible for implementing the master budget, is part of the committee. At the beginning of the budget process, Hector Corporation reviews the plans and determines what the overall goals for the following budget year are going to be. Early in the process, sales goals are determined. The operating budget includes the day to day operations of the company. The financial pro forma can be created in integrated into the budget. Moving into the fall timeframe, after the initial budget information is gathered and compiled into the master budget, this is reviewed and rounds of changes are made as necessary until final approval. Once there is the final approval, it is the policy of Hector Corporation to communication these to the appropriate managers (Crosson, 2011). It is clear that those who have authority over the budget, such as division manager and department heads are involved in the budget process, which is key since they will be held accountable for the results in the following year (Crosson, 2011). What changes would you recommend? I would recommend the budget committee to review the long term goals of the company. As mentioned in the chapter reading, this is critical to setting the annual...
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...Annotated Bibliography Assignment 1 Gary L. Williams Information Assurance Research Literature RSC 830 January 20, 2015 Dr. Emily Darraj Annotated Bibliography Assignment 1 The purpose of this assignment is to examine the topic cybersecurity via an annotated bibliographic review of multiple dissertations. This assignment will work toward the identification of a future dissertation topic within this field and also towards the identification of research material in support of the final dissertation. The annotated bibliographic reviews contained within this paper will work to provide information that will support my future research and provide experience in garnering and explaining the salient tenants of research material. NOTE: This paper will not include proper APA formatting as citations have been bolded to ensure the professor can discern where citations begin and end. Curtis, S. K. (2012). Commitment to cybersecurity and information technology governance: A case study and leadership model. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from the ProQuest dissertation and thesis database. (UMI No. 3569139) The problem as described by the author in this quantitative study is senior managers are not using web analytic technology (WAT) and there is a lack of literature describing why this is the case. The purpose of this study is to “examine how management consultants perceive WAT” (p. 22). This study has seven hypotheses. Unified theory of acceptance use of technology...
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...Why is regional development considered to be an important EU policy? “The mission in the Directorate General for Regional Policy is to strengthen economic, social and territorial cohesion by reducing disparities in the level of development among regions and Member States. This means investing in regions’ indigenous potential to promote the competitiveness of regional economies and the permanent catch-up of those lagging behind the more prosperous areas” (http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/regional_policy/index_en.htm) I chose this essay as I found it very interesting to learn about how and why the EU develops regions when I was doing my presentation for this module. I found it surprising to discover just how important an EU policy it is and to learn why both poorer and wealthier regions require development funding, often for very different reasons. My aims for this essay are firstly to give an insight into the history of EU policy over the past fifty years, with particular reference to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) that was established in 1975. I will then begin with examples from Ireland, in regions where the EU consider development an important policy. From there, I will contrast this development with poorer regions in Europe, where regional development is now a major EU priority (especially regarding new Member States). As I conclude, I will highlight current and future regional development actions of the European Union. During the period 1957-1988, the European...
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...Rural Development policy of Ethiopia with particular emphasis on: Market-led agricultural development strategy A term paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course GaDS 503 Development Perspectives and Political theories. By: Nardos Legesse School of Governance and Development Studies College of Law and Governance (M.A Development Management) Hawassa University Hawassa January, 2013 List of contents Contents page 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….…1 2. Working towards market led agricultural development……………………………………….2 2.1 Agricultural developments- key to poverty reduction………………………………...2 2.2 Agricultural development not driven by market forces can’t be rapid and sustainable.3 2.3 The role of markets in productivity of agricultural sector …………………………... 4 2.4 Building an agricultural marketing system…………………………………………....5 2.4.1 Grading agricultural product……………………………………………..….5 2.4.2 Provision of market information………………………………………...…..5 2.4.3 Promoting...
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