...PRESENTATION – THE BOXER REBELLION INTRODUCTION The Boxer Uprising and Rebellion in 1901 further weakened an already destabilised Qing Government and was a key component in governmental change. After the first Opium war with Great Britain from 1839- 1842, China was coming under an increase in pressure from various foreign powers. Following the war, foreigners were given the rights to control trade, collect customs money and run the courts in dozens of Chinese cities, called ‘Treaty Ports’. China had suffered the violation of the powers, although once it was suddenly made clear that the country was defenceless against modern military organisation and weapons, this encroachment was flung into a scramble for concessions. This scramble intensified the already present Chinese hatred of the foreigner. Hong Kong was given to the British in 1842, Indochina was taken by the French in 1884, and Taiwan was taken by Japan in 1894 following their war success over China. Germany and Russia also started to gain influence throughout China (Salem Press, 1992). The Qing government, also known as the Ch’ing government, was heavily manipulated by the West. This led to the distrust and lack of support by the Chinese public – severely weakening the government. The Boxer Uprising and Rebellion during 1901 was a pivotal point in the eventual destruction and downfall of the Qing by Sun Yat-Sen and the formal abdication of the last emperor Puyi in 1912 (Szczepanski, 2013). CONTEXT OF THE REBELLION ...
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...Qing China is commonly viewed by both Chinese and earlier western scholars as a dynasty that had successfully and fully assimilated into Han Culture; they attributed Manchu’s successful rule and Qing dynasty’s prosperous development entirely to the notion of “Sinicization”, under which they explains how Manchu couldn’t help but assimilate into the superior Han civilization of China. However, started from 1980s, American scholars began to take advantage of the newly opened Manchu archive and constructed a new perspective towards the concept of Sinicization by claiming that China was only a part of the larger Manchu Empire and Manchu were intrinsically foreign ruler in China. My final project aims to further reveal Manchu rulers’ Non-Han nature through the lens of government policies and institutional set up in the Qing dynasty. I will mainly examine The civil service examination, the official method for Qing government to recruit administrative officer; the Eight Banner system, a ruling apparatus for the Qing to govern China in a systematic way based on people’s ethnicity, and Qing’s policies and governmental agencies which were responsible for the supervision and administration of outlying regions. Those three policies and agencies derive from them covers wild range of areas in...
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...Society like Qing China had an influential ideology in making laws which is Confucianism. Specifically in this paper, I will focus on Chastity law in Qing China. Most of scholars, who had previous studies about the law, had written from the viewpoint of state that is based on patriarchal system. It makes sense somehow because states were the lawmakers and law was exercised as an instrument to control and maintain the state power at that time. So, in this paper, I would like to see the chastity law from the view point of women because I study that there is gender inequality and the consequence problems of chastity law in Qing society. I also think that the Qing law served the interest of the women of the rich household but not the poor women. For example, it is hard for a common widow to survive while keeping chastity since they are economically weak. In one study, it mentions that the widow populations were dramatically increasing dynasty by dynasty in China since 17th century. Thus, at one glance, chastity law seemed to be successful in its application to society. However, I do not think that the rise of widow population means the chastity law is perfect. Thus, my hypothesis is that whether the widows really satisfied with chastity law that was strictly imposed on them. In other words, I would examine whether all widows follow the chastity law or not. Also, I would also examine that weather the chastity law is the protection of widows or not. In case of poor widows, they might...
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...Revolution The Qing dynasty was period of restoration because inexorable laws of decay that had operated on pervious events in Chinese history. Chinese and foreign style of combination arts were formed through many events were happened by other countries and Chinese revolutionary political issues. The twentieth century was great influenced of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of 1966-1976. Due to this revolution, Chinese arts were totally disappeared by Maoist power. During the seventeenth century, the European was respected and admired Chinese principles of government filled the writings of the enlightenment. At this period, China had affected the thought, art, and material life of Europe (Michael Sullivan, 258). In 1601, the Jesuit missionary was arrived in China, and many officials and savants had been learned about Western art and learning. Although the literati generally ignored European art, but some academician was tried to mastered Western perspective and style of arts. The architecture of the Qing dynasty was affected by Western style of arts. Yuanmingyuan which is a palace that...
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...Question Topic: art Order code: 81208851 Preparing Upload file Time remaining: 2 days 0 hours 10 minutes Deadline: | May 28 16:12 | Order total: | $0.21 | Compensation | $0.03 / Page | Pages: | 7, Double spaced | Sources: | 1 | | Order type: | Essay | Subject: | Art | Academic level: | Undergraduate | Style: | Harvard | Language: | English (U.S.) | | Order Description i have 3 topics here for an around 2000 words essay. please choose from one of the topics, and please let me know which topic you have chosen. i will upload the file about the topic. the number of sources are unlimited. Additional Files Owner | Type | Name | Size | Plagiarism | Upload date | Client | Additional file | art_topi...docx | 0.01 Mb | None | 09:54 26 May 2014 | Upload file attachment Please pick ONE of the topics given below: 1. Please explain the meaning of <Three Perfection>. Please explain with the aesthetic theory and achievements of two famous literati artists in Chinese art history. 2. Discuss the development of Chinese tea art from the Tang dynasty until recent times in China or overseas. 3. Describe the main features of Beijing Opera and explain why it is popular to general audience. Please discuss the special interaction between the actors on stage and the audience during the performance. attchmentCancel order5m Development of tea from the Tang Dynasty age to present day Name Institution Introduction Tea is a very common beverage all around...
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...Brief History of China Prehistory Mythical Era Ancient Era Imperial Era Modern Era Introduction Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River Valley in the Neolithic era A history of 4700 years since Yellow Emperor during the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors; the written history of China begins with Shang Dynasty 3600 years ago when turtle shells with ancient Chinese writing were carbon dated in 1500BC Prehistory Peking Man Paleolithic – – – – China was inhabited by Homo erectus more than 1 million years ago The archaeological site of Xihoudu site in Shanxi Province is the earliest recorded of use of fire by Homo erectus 1.27 million years ago The excavations at Yuanmou and later Lantian show early habitation The most specimen of Homo erectus found in China is the so-called Peking Man discovered in 1965 Prehistory (cont.) Neolithic – – – – – – Stone Tools The Neolithic age traced back to 10,000 BC Early evidence for proto-Chinese millet agriculture is carbon-dated to about 7,000 BC Population was increased due to agriculture, the ability to store and redistribute crops and to support specialist craftsmen and administrators In late Neolithic times, the Yellow River valley began to establish itself as a culture center, and the first villages were founded Early history of China is complicated by the lack of a written language during this period At Damaidi site in Ningxia, 3172 cliff carvings dating to...
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...The Boxer rebellion is one of the most famous wars in Chinese history. It took place in the 1900s, when China had lost several wars against foreign countries and Japan, they threatened the Qing dynasty to sign several unfair treaties, such as extraterritorial rights and immunities from the Qing dynasty’s law. China was just like nonexistent country because foreign countries were each ruling different parts of China. At the fall of the Qing dynasty, a long drought followed by several floods and aggression by foreign countries [History.com Staff. 2009]. People were suffering from hunger, unfair rights and poverty. As a result, there was hatred and xenophobic reactions among the Chinese. Qing Empress Dowager Cixi declared a war on 8 nations. [History.com...
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...Brief History of China Prehistory Mythical Era Ancient Era Imperial Era Modern Era Introduction Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River Valley in the Neolithic era A history of 4700 years since Yellow Emperor during the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors; the written history of China begins with Shang Dynasty 3600 years ago when turtle shells with ancient Chinese writing were carbon dated in 1500BC Prehistory Peking Man Paleolithic – – – – China was inhabited by Homo erectus more than 1 million years ago The archaeological site of Xihoudu site in Shanxi Province is the earliest recorded of use of fire by Homo erectus 1.27 million years ago The excavations at Yuanmou and later Lantian show early habitation The most specimen of Homo erectus found in China is the so-called Peking Man discovered in 1965 Prehistory (cont.) Neolithic – – – – – – Stone Tools The Neolithic age traced back to 10,000 BC Early evidence for proto-Chinese millet agriculture is carbon-dated to about 7,000 BC Population was increased due to agriculture, the ability to store and redistribute crops and to support specialist craftsmen and administrators In late Neolithic times, the Yellow River valley began to establish itself as a culture center, and the first villages were founded Early history of China is complicated by the lack of a written language during this period At Damaidi site in Ningxia...
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...Identify and explain how Chinese Merchants took part in international trade during this time period 1450-1750 (hint: not Zheng He) (1) pg 580 From 1450-1750, Chinese merchants took part in international trade under close watch and strict policies, specifically around the 1600’s. Although the Ming and Qing governments tried to end trading with foreign people, smaller Chinese vessels continued to trade with Japan and southeast Asia in spite of the trade restrictions. Following pacification with southern China, the Qing authorities rescinded the strictest measures and allowed controlled trading by closely supervising the activities of foreign merchants and permitting Portuguese to trade in Macau and the British to trade in Guangzhou. Chinese merchants...
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...How significant was national resentment of foreign interference in bringing about the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911-1912? The national resentment of foreign interference was significant in bringing about the collapse of the Qing dynasty. Despite this, however, there were many other factors both internal and external responsible such as… The question is focused on the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911-12 and the role played by nationalism and foreign interference in bringing about its collapse. Answers may refer to the failure of the Boxer Rising in 1900 and the subsequent development of a new nationalist movement devoted to the overthrow of the dynasty. In 1905 Sun Yat-sen formed the Revolutionary Alliance based in Tokyo which was strongly supported by students who had trained overseas. The Alliance carried out small and unsuccessful actions against the government over the next few years. In 1911 there was a backlash against the raising of foreign loans to pay for the nationalisation of trunk lines which led to the Wuchan uprising and the start of the revolution. Sun Yat-sen was elected President of the Chinese Republic but resigned in favour of Yuan Shikai in 1912. * failure of the Boxer Rising in 1900 yes The unequal treaties and the dependence in the wake of the boxer revolution are both factors responsible for the fall of the dynasty due to foreign interference. The war with Japan was followed by a series of treaties with the European powers...
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...came to shore carrying an important passenger, the British Ambassador, Lord Macartney. The objective was to open trade between Britain and China. Lord Macartney brought with him many gifts for Emperor Chi’ien Lung that had been selected to represent the best that Britain had to trade. Lord Macartney met with Emperor Ch’ien Lung in a large horsehair tent chosen by the Emperor to show he was meeting with simple barbarians rather than equals. Foreigners are required to wear Chinese clothing and practice the Kowtow. The Kowtow is a ritual of respect where one bows three times and each time humbly knocking ones head against the ground. This was too extreme for Lord Macartney who made a point of only kneeling as was customary in the British courts. (Breeching 16) Emperor Ch’ien Lung was impressed with Lord Macartney page, a servant boy, who delivered a letter directly from King George the 3rd. The page was a young boy named George Jr....
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...Up until 1644 the Ming dynasty ruled China. They had a strong government up until a mini ice age caused many peasants to starve and in turn revolt. The Manchu people saw this as an opportunity to take over China’s capital at Beijing. When they took over the created the Qing dynasty who had a goal of making China a strong empire. Manchu made up a tiny portion of the population so in order to rule China, the Qing had to change some of their ways and employ several Chinese into official positions. The Qing adopted the Chinese language and Confucianism. In order for the natives to accept the new rulers, “The Manchus announced possession of the Mandate of Heaven, a concept similar to the European notion of the divine right of kings, after defeating...
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...and domestic unrest. People's lives are up-and-down, so they started to change and begin to fight. My father is the late Qing scholar and my mother was an industrious and virtuous woman. I am the only child which had a great interest in studies because of my father. At the age of 7, i was sent to a local private school, at 18-year-olds I admitted to the famous schools, Imperial University of Peking (Beijing University) in 1904. In my college life, I came into contact with a number of State Affairs. The opium wars, Sino-Japanese war, the eight-power allied forces invaded China and many unequal treaties makes me extremely angry and indignant. How can our country being bullied? In 1905, there was a man named Sun Yat-Sen established the first revolutionary alliance - Tongmenghui in Japan Tokyo. He took "Drive out the Tartars, restore China, found the Republic, equalize land ownership" as a political platform and Implemented national revolution to achieve democracy. On the other hand, due to the Late Qing Reforms, Eight-legged essay was replaced and Civil Service Examination was abolished. In addition, the social reforms remarkable. Footbinding was discouraged. Also, China took a first step in the film (Ting Chun Shan), the death penalty - Ling Chi in the Qing court is to abolish. However, the road to reform is not flat. Cities in northern China under the Qing dynasty Government is still chaotic. In 1915, because of the world war one and the Shandong incident, these intensified...
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...www.GetPedia.com History of China: Table of Contents q q Historical Setting The Ancient Dynasties r r r Dawn of History Zhou Period Hundred Schools of Thought q The Imperial Era r r r r r r First Imperial Period Era of Disunity Restoration of Empire Mongolian Interlude Chinese Regain Power Rise of the Manchus q Emergence Of Modern China r r r r r r Western Powers Arrive First Modern Period Opium War, 1839-42 Era of Disunity Taiping Rebellion, 1851-64 Self-Strengthening Movement Hundred Days' Reform and Aftermath Republican Revolution of 1911 q Republican China r r r Nationalism and Communism s Opposing the Warlords s Consolidation under the Guomindang s Rise of the Communists Anti-Japanese War Return to Civil War q People's Republic Of China r r Transition to Socialism, 1953-57 Great Leap Forward, 1958-60 r r r r r Readjustment and Recovery, 1961-65 Cultural Revolution Decade, 1966-76 s Militant Phase, 1966-68 s Ninth National Party Congress to the Demise of Lin Biao, 1969-71 s End of the Era of Mao Zedong, 1972-76 Post-Mao Period, 1976-78 China and the Four Modernizations, 1979-82 Reforms, 1980-88 q References for History of China [ History of China ] [ Timeline ] Historical Setting The History Of China, as documented in ancient writings, dates back some 3,300 years. Modern archaeological studies provide evidence of still more ancient origins in a culture that flourished between 2500 and 2000 B.C....
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...anti-foreigner and anti-Christian movement; it was motivated by proto-nationalists and backed by the empress dowager CIXI. In 1900 the Boxers besieged the foreign embassies in Beijing for two months until they were relieved by an international force. The rising was intervened by the Great Powers, which defeated the Chinese forces; because of this it further reduced the authority of the QING dynasty. The Boxer Risings changed China quite a lot: It made the leaders of China realise that they had to modernize and adopt European technology as well as this it also helped to opened the doors for Revolutionary movements such as the Communist Party and the to rise and to gain the support of China's people. Another factor that shows how revolutionary China was, was the End of the Chinese Empire. The Taiping Rebellion (1849-60) was the start of the end of the Chinese Empire. The movement which was lead by Hong Xivquan is known as the deadliest military conflict in History, where around 20 million people died. In spite of the movement, the Tongzhi Restoration came to the defence of the Confucian order and the Qing rulers. In 1898 new armies were organised under the rule of Empress...
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