...States and/or other countries. Microsoft©, Windows©, and Windows NT© are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix© editorial standards and practices. Facilitator Information Larry Waggle, Ph. D. larrywaggle@email.phoenix.edu (University of Phoenix) Unclelahr@live.com (Alternate) 480-330-0953 (MST) Facilitator Availability I am available from 9 a.m.-9 p.m. Arizona Time on most days, but I attempt to reserve Sunday for my family. On Saturdays, I tend to be online in the morning only. If these times are not convenient for you, please let me know. I will be happy to work something out with you, if possible. I provide you with these times to make it easier to communicate with me, and not to limit our contact. I want you to know that, should you need to contact me outside these time frames, you should not hesitate to do so. For emergencies, when you are not able to gain access to messages on the...
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...What is the importance of ren in Confucianism? you have to cite the bibliography at the end of the paper, follow MLA or APA format from the beginning to the end. Be consistent. Don’t start with one format and end with the other . Below is a template/ sample of a philosophical answer Philosophy Essay Template/General Outline for Critical Answers You do not need a formal “Introduction”. You can just immediately say what you are going to do in the paper. The Basic Structure [Paragraph 1] [First one or two sentence(s) restating the question as your thesis] [Section 1: Summary] [Say what you are going to do in this section of your paper.] *Now state each step in the philosopher’s argument in your own words.+ [Assert the reasons the philosopher gives in the text for his/her conclusion.] [Back up that assertion with a quotation or two.] [Explain why the quotation(s) you used are important.] [If you have done the above for each of the philosopher’s premises in the argument, you can now restate the conclusion of the argument.] [Section 2: Critical analysis/critique of the argument] [Analyze each premise of the argument you summarized.] [Explanation] [Is the premise true or false?] [Explain why you think so.] [Give an example to support this.] [Explain your example.] [Clarify your explanation.] [Consider possible objections the philosopher could have to particular criticisms you made above.] [Conclude with a sentence asserting that you have proved your thesis.] Detailed...
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...following: 1) A startling fact or bit of information Example: Nearly two hundred citizens were arrested as witches during the Salem witch scare of 1692. Eventually nineteen were hanged, and another was pressed to death (Marks 65). 2) A snatch of dialogue between two characters Example: “It is another thing. You [Frederic Henry] cannot know about it unless you have it.” “ Well,” I said. “If I ever get it I will tell you [priest].” (Hemingway 72). With these words, the priest in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms sends the hero, Frederic, in search of the ambiguous “it” in his life. 3) A meaningful quotation (from the book you are analyzing or another source) Example: “To be, or not to be, that is the question” {3.1.57}. This familiar statement expresses the young prince’s moral dilemma in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. 4) A universal idea Example: The terrifying scenes a soldier experiences on the front probably follow him throughout his life—if he manages to survive the war. 5) A rich,...
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...Truth in Management and Power Relationships Throughout history, philosophers have come up with their versions of the actual definition for ‘truth’. The Greek philosopher Aristotle had explained truth as “To say of what is that it is not, or of what is not that it is, is false, while to say of what is that it is, and of what is not that it is not, is true” [1]. Aristotle explains that truth can be described as that something that is definite and distinct in its own form, nature or identity. Another Greek sophist and philosopher Protagoras held the view that “man is the measure of all things, of things that are that they are, and of things that are not that they are not”[2]. According to him, every person’s opinion of truth is based his or her own perception of truth. In the famous Greek poet Homer’s epic Odyssey, there is one instance when the Greek hero Odysseus did not actually reveal the truth when he says “I will tell you all the truth”[3]. In his epics, there are characters that hold back information or tell lies. In the present day management, we have to be cautious as to how we go about telling the truth to our subordinates or colleagues. There are multiple scenarios that we have to consider before revealing the truth. Sometimes, we may end up in situations whereby we have to cover up the truth to protect our integrity and position in the company or organization. Socrates, an Athenian Greek Philosopher once quoted: “You, my friend, are you not ashamed of heaping up the...
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...I. Purpose Nietzsche tends to be, by his own statements, the least understood and most brilliant of philosophers. While reading portions of any philosopher is dangerous, this is particularly the case with Nietzsche because of his association with the Nazi Party in the 1930’s and 40’s. Again, by his explanation, his whole philosophy is captured in Thus Spoke Zarathustra; however, he wrote that no one understood that properly upon its publication so he followed up with some explanation. The explanation came in the work Beyond Good and Evil and the work we are reading, On the Genealogy of Morals. The latter work is the one most structured like the philosophic thought of the enlightenment – more treatise-like. So, hopefully we shall be able to uncover a little Nietzsche without drifting into the abyss. This essay, like the last two, is designed to focus you on a single question regarding Nietzsche’s thoughts in On The Genealogy of Morals. You are to explore to a deeper level any question that is raised for you by the work, using Nietzsche’s work. In other words, no external “research” is expected, but if it will help your exploration, it is allowed. I would add a caution that this is least likely to help on Nietzsche because of the plethora of extremely bad Nietzsche interpretations floating in the cloud. As with both the Machiavelli and Rousseau essay, it is important to note that this is NOT a summary and it is NOT a review. Nietzsche repeated in your own words or a book review...
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...being cited. Below are some of the most frequently used citations you may encounter. AUTHOR Six Or Seven Authors: Example: Reference List Phelps, B. R., Lima, M., Gomez, J., MacArthur, R. T., Gansu, L., & Nehru, M. (2004). Example: In-Text Citation First citation: (Phelps et al., 2004) Subsequent citations: (Phelps et al., 2004) OR One Author: Example: Reference List Joseph, C. A. (2004). No Author Listed: First citation: Phelps et al. (2004) Example: In-Text Citation Subsequent citations: Phelps et al. (2004) (Joseph, 2004) discovered that among ... OR Example: Reference List None to claim their bones: Relics of an old Brooklyn graveyard. (1888, April 12). New York Times, pp. 3-4. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/ Example: In-Text Citation ("None to Claim Their Bones," 1888) In cases where the title contains a colon, use only the text before the colon in your in text citation. List the source by title in your reference list. Alphabetize reference list entries beginning with a title using the primary word of the title (excluding a, an, and the). Eight Or More Authors: Joseph (2004) discovered that among … Two Authors: Example: In-Text Citation • When a work has no author, cite in text the first few Example: Reference List Example: In-Text Citation (Kelley & Chang, 2007) Kelley, P. C., & Chang, P. L. (2007). Title (Work With No Author) Example: Reference List OR ...
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...Guidelines on Writing a Philosophy Paper Author: Jim Pryor, Princeton University [pic] Philosophical writing is different from the writing you'll be asked to do in other courses. Most of the strategies described below will also serve you well when writing for other courses, but don't automatically assume that they all will. Nor should you assume that every writing guideline you've been given by other teachers is important when you're writing a philosophy paper. Some of those guidelines are routinely violated in good philosophical prose (e.g., see the guidelines on grammar, below). Contents • What Does One Do in a Philosophy Paper? • Three Stages of Writing o Early Stages o Write a Draft o Rewrite, and Keep Rewriting • Minor Points • How You'll Be Graded What Does One Do in a Philosophy Paper? 1. A philosophy paper consists of the reasoned defense of some claim Your paper must offer an argument. It can't consist in the mere report of your opinions, nor in a mere report of the opinions of the philosophers we discuss. You have to defend the claims you make. You have to offer reasons to believe them. So you can't just say: My view is that P. You must say something like: My view is that P. I believe this because... or: I find that the following considerations...provide a convincing argument for P. Similarly, don't just say: Descartes says that Q. Instead...
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...Understanding *Varnasrama* Through Bhagavat-dharma Introduction: In September 1972, His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada gave a series of "Bhagavat-dharma Discourses" in New Vrndavana. I was greatly blessed by being present for all of them. Prabhupada explicitly spelled out the relationship of the mission of ISKCON, Bhagavat-dharma, to varnasrama-dharma. This paper is composed of direct quotations from those discourses (apart from my own linking texts that simply introduce or summarize Prabhupada's words). The quotations are excerpted from an edited-for-publication compilation that Palace Press produced in 1983. The BBT Vedabase Folio can be consulted for the raw transcripts (look for the NV lectures from the first week of September '72). Below I do not credit the exact day upon which the quotations were made. Prabhupada's elucidation of particular subjects spanned several discourses; thus the quotations clubbed together around one point may not be from the same day. 1. Vedic *dharma* real and apparent This section of quotations shows that real Vedic dharma, or *varnasrama-dharma*, is *nivrtti-marga.* Accordingly, the *yajna* (sacrificial work) meant for each and every occupation of the social body's four parts aims at liberation. *Pravrti-marga*, "Hindu dharma," and modern technological society, are aimed at some kind of materialistic substitute for liberation. According to the Vedic system, there are two paths: *pravrtti-marga*...
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...by focussing on the following four themes: What meanings are attached to the term philosophy (of education) by philosophers themselves? What meanings are attached to the term philosophy (of education) by policy makers? What difference does place and time make to these meanings? How do these different meanings affect the possibility of philosophy (of education) influencing policy? The question is addressed using both philosophical methods and also some empirical evidence from conversations and conversational interviews with some philosophers of education and other educational researchers. The argument begins with an investigation of different ways of understanding philosophy and philosophy of education in relation to education and educational policy. It then examines first the current policy context and secondly some evidence about the practices of policy makers in relation to ideas and to research. It goes on to present some of the findings from the conversational evidence. The paper is drawn together in the penultimate section where I make some suggestions about possible fruitful relationships between philosophy and policy making. Finally, in the concluding section, I point out some further – thorny – questions that are raised by my analysis, especially in relationship to ethics and social justice. I Introduction: Questions and themes in the paper Philosophers of education rightly want to influence educational policy makers (among others). But are they doing so? And, if...
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...1. Compare and contrast various views of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Hinduism is a religion meaning part of three main parts which include Vishnaism, Saivism and the Saktism. People must therefore follow the gods from one of the above three. Budhism on the other hand comes from the word buddhi which can be defined as the process of waking up. Budhism is therefore the awakening philosophy. These origins of this philosophy are derived from Budha who awakened at the age of thirty five. Taoism on the other hand is an ethical or religious tradition from the Chinese faith. Tao means something that is the source of and force behind all that exists. In comparison, Hinduism is about understanding Brahm, from within the Atman which roughly means from within the soul, whereas Budhism is all about finding Anatman which is not soul. Hinduism is about finding the highest life by removing bodily distractions from life. Taoism on the other hand means the way, which is a Chinese quotation meaning Tao is found in the world through nature and can be experienced through a mystical experience. Buddhism is carried out in Monasteries, nunneries and temples while Hinduism is carried out in a temple. In comparison, both Buddhism and Hinduism and Taoism embrace the use of statues and pictures.in addition to that both also follow the Dharma which is the common religious law. In Budhism, the clergy consists of monks and nuns who follow teachings of the Budha under the name Sangha whereas in Hinduism...
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...The Greeks contributed a handful of advancements to Western Civilization including government. Greece had multiple different types of governments, including monarchies, oligarchies, and aristocracy when they were first developing. These ways of ruling changed during the golden age of Greek civilization when they began to use democracy. At its greatest, Greece had a democracy made up of all types of citizens from the poor to the wealthy. As stated in Pericles funeral oration, “ Our plan for government favors the many instead of the few: that is why it is called a democracy… A man may serve his country no matter how low his position on the social scale” (Doc. 1). The Greeks democracy was the beginning of a new form of ruling that allowed citizens to...
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...When people tell people that I’m philosophy major they usually ask two questions: 1. Why would you ever want to study philosophy? and 2. What will you ever to do with a philosophy degree? The way these questions are frame usually come across as a straw-man argument connoting to such a pursuit is a fruitless endeavor. Despite societal preconceived notions of philosopher they fail to see major contributions that they have given society from governments, ethics, and technology. Most people are not aware that without the advancement that were made in the philosophy of language, we wouldn't have the knowledge to build computers. Perhaps computers could be attributed as the major contributors to the advancements that we have seen in our society. Computers have infinitely impacted the way that we approach the world, its impacted the food we eat, security (for better and worse), scholarly pursuits, social networking, etc. its hard to imagine a world that doesn't have computers; without computers we wouldn't have all the inventions and services that have come about because of them. It was the work of four philosophers / logicians: Gottfried Leibniz, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, and Alan Turning. Leibniz invented the binary number system which allows all number to be expressed in terms of 0's and 1's. By expressing the numbers as 0's and 1's all you need is a register which has only has to process two options: on and off. But programming in bits is very slow and tedious:...
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...Intertextuality is the shaping of a text meaning by another text. Intertextual figures include: allusion, quotation, calque, plagiarism, translation, pastiche and parody.[1][2][3] An example of intertextuality is an author’s borrowing and transformation of a prior text or to a reader’s referencing of one text in reading another. The term “intertextuality” has, itself, been borrowed and transformed many times since it was coined by poststructuralist Julia Kristeva in 1966. As philosopher William Irwin wrote, the term “has come to have almost as many meanings as users, from those faithful to Kristeva’s original vision to those who simply use it as a stylish way of talking about allusion and influence.”[4] Contents [show] Intertextuality and poststructuralism[edit] Kristeva’s coinage of “intertextuality” represents an attempt to synthesize Ferdinand de Saussure’s semiotics—his study of how signs derive their meaning within the structure of a text—with Bakhtin’s dialogism—his examination of the multiple meanings, or “heteroglossia”, in each text (especially novels) and in each word.[5] For Kristeva,[6] “the notion of intertextuality replaces the notion of intersubjectivity” when we realize that meaning is not transferred directly from writer to reader but instead is mediated through, or filtered by, “codes” imparted to the writer and reader by other texts. For example, when we read James Joyce’s Ulysses we decode it as a modernist literary experiment, or as a response to the...
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... which uses the Author-Date system. Which Harvard style? Harvard has been adapted to suit many different publication styles. The style used in this guide follows the standard prescribed by the following manual. This is the official style followed in most Australian Government publications. Snooks & Co. 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld. Which style does my faculty or school use? Some Schools require a different style from the one outlined here. Use the citation style required by your Faculty or School. Why reference your sources? It is important to reference the sources you use for essays and reports, so that the reader can follow your arguments and check your sources. It is essential to correctly acknowledge the author when quoting or using other people’s ideas in your work. How do I use Harvard? 1. In-text citations are made like this Paraphrasing and in-text citations Example: The point made by an analytic philosopher (O'Connor 1969, p. 32) is that values cannot be justified in this way. However Kneller (1963b, p. 102) insists that the theorist will inevitably be involved in value claims. Note: Page, chapter or section numbers may be included in the in-text citation if the cited work is long and information helps the reader locate the relevant information. When the authors name is mentioned in-text (e.g. Kneller in the example above) add year and page numbers only to the in-text reference. Entries that...
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...Focus on cosmetic surgery for teenagers We do all know from the international marked, that things which are difficult to achieve or very rarely seen, always have been valuable to humanity. It’s exactly the same when it comes to the ideal body. In this cultural society where teens are constantly bombarded with images of beautiful people which is bad for the teens mentalities. This has caused a huge pressure on the young people, who want to be considered as attractive. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons estimates that more than 330, 000 adolescents-most of all female-underwent cosmetic procedures in 2007. Some adolescents use cosmetic surgeries to achieve their goals. The sort of surgeries that are frequently used to altering the body is nose jobs, breast augmentation, ear reshaping and liposuction. All those encroachments to change the human nature, takes the nonprofit organization National Research Center for Women and Families an interest in, as a way to improve the health of women and children. As a representative for the organization Diana Zuckerman blames the decision about what beauty should look like as one of the factors that affects the teens during their high-emotional and self-realization period where they only want “to fit in”. Some surgeons argue that the surgeries can increase the teenagers’ self-esteem. This statement is debated all over the world, but there’s no data to suggest that cosmetic surgeries can improve the self-esteem. Dr. John Canedy comments...
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