Citing References in Text
In APA style, In-Text Citations are placed within sentences and paragraphs so that it is clear what information is being quoted or paraphrased and whose information is being cited. Below are some of the most frequently used citations you may encounter.
AUTHOR

Six Or Seven Authors:

Example:
Reference List
Phelps, B. R., Lima, M.,
Gomez, J., MacArthur, R. T.,
Gansu, L., & Nehru, M.
(2004).

Example:
In-Text Citation
First citation:
(Phelps et al., 2004)
Subsequent citations:
(Phelps et al., 2004)
OR

One Author:

Example:
Reference List
Joseph, C. A. (2004).

No Author Listed:

First citation:
Phelps et al. (2004)

Example:
In-Text Citation

Subsequent citations:
Phelps et al. (2004)

(Joseph, 2004) discovered that among ...
OR

Example:
Reference List
None to claim their bones:
Relics of an old Brooklyn graveyard. (1888, April 12).
New York Times, pp. 3-4.
Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/ Example:
In-Text Citation
("None to Claim Their Bones,"
1888)
In cases where the title contains a colon, use only the text before the colon in your in text citation.

List the source by title in your reference list. Alphabetize reference list entries beginning with a title using the primary word of the title
(excluding a, an, and the).

Eight Or More Authors:
Joseph (2004) discovered that among …

Two Authors:

Example:
In-Text Citation

• When a work has no author, cite in text the first few

Example:
Reference List

Example:
In-Text Citation
(Kelley & Chang, 2007)

Kelley, P. C., & Chang, P. L.
(2007).

Title (Work With No Author)

Example:
Reference List

OR
Kelly and Chang (2004)

Carter, A., Dougherty, S.,
Addington, M., Stanley, R.,
Stanley, C., Schuffler, G., …
Smyrna, B. F. (2004).

First citation:
(Carter et al., 2004)
Subsequent