...Freedoms. While s.8 of the Charter seems to give similar protection as the Fourth Amendment, they have very different requirements for judicial authorization, reasonableness and standard of “probable cause”. Scrutinizing those different requirements and standards, this paper holds that the process of DNA collection is highly intrusive and would be a serious violation of s.8 of the Charter as it could reveal an excessive amount of private information about an individual over which he/she has a strong reasonable expectation of privacy. Furthermore, it will deprive people from their right to be presumed innocent, which is protected under s.11 (d) and significantly impact socially marginalized groups. Finally, this paper conducts an analysis of the violations under s.1 of the Charter and indicates that none of the violations can be justified in a free and democratic society. INTRODUCTION: In a recent judgment, the Supreme Court of the United States approved the collection of a defendant’s DNA upon arrests under the Fourth Amendment. 1 Interestingly, it seems that Canadian legislatures found this decision very inspiring as the Minister of Justice, Peter...
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...growth and maturity. They include cognitive, social, and behavioral development as well as development in executive functioning. Sustaining a traumatic brain injury during these years can pose as a direct risk of developmental deficits in any or all of these areas. After an extensive literature review, it was found that most of the previous research resulted in areas of consensus. These areas compare the how TBI severity and the age of the TBI effect developmental. Results from multiple studies show that the more sever the TBI, the more prevalent the developmental deficiencies (Gerrard-Morris, A., Taylor, H., Yeates, K., Walz, N., Stancin, T., Minich, N., & Wade, S., 2009; McKinlay, A., Grace, R., Horward, L., Fergusson, D., & MacFarlane, M., 2008; Morse, S., Haritou, F., Ong, K., Anderson, V., Catroppa, C., & Rosenfeld, J., 1999; Taylor, H., Swartwout, M., Yeates, K., Walz, N., Stancin, T., & Wade, S., 2008). It is also found that children injured in early childhood are more vulnerable to developmental deficits, According to Taylor et. al (2008), a younger age at the time of injury is a predictor of worse outcomes. Although many researchers in this field have shared the previous findings, there have also been gaps in research on the topic of childhood TBI and development. Certain discrepancies include effects of family characteristics on development following TBI, and effects of TBI on language performance. Previous research has included child and family demographic information...
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...FIN 6406 A Financial Ratio Quarterly Trend Analysis of: Kellogg Co. Stock Symbol: K Listed on NYSE Exchange Prepared for: Dr. Edward Lawrence Department of Finance Florida International University In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Course: FIN 6406 By: Ana Carolina De Obaldía Rogemif Fuentes Cesar Giovanni Santos Fábrega Introduction For this project we decided to choose Kellogg’s Company (NYSE: K) to elaborate a financial quarterly trend analysis because it is a big, stable company with 108 years in the market and its products are sold in more than 180 countries worldwide. The ready to eat cereals first appeared in the late 1800’s when a group of vegetarians wanted to expand their food options and decided to create the wheat and corn flakes. It wasn´t until 1906 that Kellogg’s Co. entered the market and has stayed latent through many generations until these days. It is interesting that it survived two world wars and the depression of the United States in the 1930’s. Being this long in the market also means that they have known how to evolve in this world with constant changes, adapting to the behavioral changes in people and their likes remaining competitive and appealing. It is more of a mature company rather than growing company and has many brand-loyal customers. Regarding the sources of information consulted for this report, we used some financial websites to get the financial statements of Kellogg’s and its main competitor General Mills, which we will...
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...Enhancing Health and Wellbeing Name: University: 1 August 2014 Enhancing Health and Wellbeing The health agenda Health is constantly evolving and will relate to different things for different people (Jack & Holt, 2008). The paper uses the World Health Organization’s definition of health, which states that health is a stare of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. The definition goes beyond other primary declaration of health as being the absence of disease. Health needs vary among individuals and groups in society mainly due to social class and wealth differences. Often, those living in the poorest social economic conditions also suffer greatest from health problems, and when dealing with such issues, it is important to embrace a holistic definition of public health. Here, the adequate explanation would be to take public health as a science and art of disease prevention and health promotion as ways of prolonging life. In that regard, health needs assessments are important when tackling public health issues for communities. The assessments help to identify new health priorities to reflect changing social circumstances, and results from previous public health approaches. In addition, assessments help to realign health interventions with changes in demographics, given that individuals may not belong to only one community; they can join different communities at separate times of their lives (Hien, et al., 2010). Alcohol misuse as a contemporary health issue Alcohol...
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...Social media post differences between genders Student Name Affiliate of the University Social media post differences between genders Part One: Effects of social media The use of sites of social network has become a worldwide phenomenon, and it has attracted a vast population of people from all corners of the world. Due to the effects of social media, several changes have occurred in the lives of the individuals who use the social media (Myers, 2011). The people who use social media come from different ages, education levels, and ages as well. Apart from day to day checking of emails, reading the newspapers and forums online, or following the tools of instant message, an extensive population now checks their social networks as well. On the social network, they follow the status changes to other people, update their status or look at the profiles of other people. It has been observed through studies that most of the people usually connect to the sites of social network at least once in a day, to have a look at their profile or to take part in various activities online (LaSalle, 2006). People usually use the sites of social network for distinct number of reasons. These reasons include allowing faster updating, ease of use, reflecting on daily life, supporting the informal learning processes as well as sharing and analyzing the information that continuously increase. Other reasons include the establishment and maintenance of the spontaneous social contacts and relationships...
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...Deepika1, Esther Karunakaran2, Claire R Hurley3, Catherine A Biggs2 and Dimitris Charalampopoulos1* Abstract Background: The surface properties of probiotic bacteria influence to a large extent their interactions within the gut ecosystem. There is limited amount of information on the effect of the production process on the surface properties of probiotic lactobacilli in relation to the mechanisms of their adhesion to the gastrointestinal mucosa. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the fermentation pH and temperature on the surface properties and adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Results: The cells were grown at pH 5, 5.5, 6 (temperature 37°C) and at pH 6.5 (temperature 25°C, 30°C and 37°C), and their surfaces analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gel-based proteomics. The results indicated that for all the fermentation conditions, with the exception of pH 5, a higher nitrogen to carbon ratio and a lower phosphate content was observed at the surface of the bacteria, which resulted in a lower surface hydrophobicity and reduced adhesion levels to Caco-2 cells as compared to the control fermentation (pH 6.5, 37°C). A number of adhesive proteins, which have been suggested in previous published works to take part in the adhesion of bacteria to the human gastrointestinal tract, were identified by proteomic analysis, with no significant differences between...
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...Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice Volume 7 | Issue 1 Article 2 September 2013 The Legal Implications of Gender Bias in Standardized Testing Katherine Connor Ellen J. Vargyas Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/bglj Recommended Citation Katherine Connor and Ellen J. Vargyas, The Legal Implications of Gender Bias in Standardized Testing, 7 Berkeley Women's L.J. 13 (1992). Available at: http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/bglj/vol7/iss1/2 Link to publisher version (DOI) http://dx.doi.org/ This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals and Related Materials at Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice by an authorized administrator of Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact jcera@law.berkeley.edu. The Legal Implications of Gender Bias in Standardized Testing Katherine Connort Ellen J. Vargyast TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. INTRODUCTION ....................................... THE FACTUAL CONTEXT ............................. A. The Scope of the Problem ............................ 1. Post-Secondary Admissions Tests .................. 2. Vocational Aptitude Tests and Interest Inventories. B. Causes of Gender Differences in Test Scores ........... 1. Post-Secondary Admissions Tests .................. 2. Vocational Aptitude Tests and Interest Inventories. C. Validity of the Tests .......................
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...International University, India Abstract Though organizational politics has been perceived as a threat; negatively influencing levels of staff retention and work productivity, hardly any studies have focused on the employee’s attitude towards the perceived players and the survival strategies in such an environment in the Indian setting. This study aims to explore the employee’s perception of organizational politics, the phase that they go through while working and the ways they adopt to cope up with it, in a sample of 26 employees working in three different automobile manufacturing companies. Qualitative methods have been used in order to understand the feelings and experiences of employees while working in a politically influenced environment. Analysis of the data was done through phenomenological principles. Findings of this study led to the emergence of four major themes namely perceived threat, attitude towards the players, Coping Strategies and intentions to leave. This study has tried to bring out the emotional circumstances that employees go through while working in a politically influenced environment. Key words: Organization, politics, employees, perception and intention Introduction There is a bit of Machiavelli in every one of us. An environment where everyone agrees with each other is a rare phenomenon. People are generally favorably biased towards people they know, like and trust, even when they are trying to be impartial. Being a self-centered animal, some aspects of office...
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...* Definitions: community, health, partnerships, capacity * The power of collaborative partnerships * Who should be involved? * How to build healthier communities: A model for community and system change * Factors affecting the work of community partnerships * Ten recommendations for promoting community health and development Most of us want the same things from our communities. We want them to be safe from violence and illness; we want neighborhoods that are alive and that work well. And we would all like to have people who care for us and whom we trust. But how do we develop a community like that? Our belief is that communities are built when people work together on things that matter to them. In this section, we'll talk about what we mean by that, and explore our idea of how we can get there from here -- what might be called our "model of change" or "theory of practice." We'll start this section with some definitions that will help ground the ideas we are trying to get across. Then, we'll look at the advantages of collaborative efforts: why we believe it makes sense for people to work together to solve problems they share. Next, we'll look at key partners in community efforts, and then, we will describe the model of change that is the focus of this section. We'll supplement that model with principles and values that we believe should influence how community efforts unfold. Finally, we'll close with some broad recommendations for working together to help...
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...of new lead compounds in drug discovery is the physical screening of large libraries of chemicals against a biological target (high-throughput screening). An alternative approach, known as virtual screening, is to computationally screen large libraries of chemicals for compounds that complement targets of known structure, and experimentally test those that are predicted to bind well. Such receptor-based virtual screening faces several fundamental challenges, including sampling the various conformations of flexible molecules and calculating absolute binding energies in an aqueous environment. Nevertheless, the field has recently had important successes: new ligands have been predicted along with their receptor-bound structures — in several cases with hit rates (ligands discovered per molecules tested) significantly greater than with high-throughput screening. Even with its current limitations, virtual screening accesses a large number of possible new ligands, most of which may then be simply purchased and...
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...International Journal of Bank Marketing Emerald Article: Does relationship marketing improve customer relationship satisfaction and loyalty? Andreas Leverin, Veronica Liljander Article information: To cite this document: Andreas Leverin, Veronica Liljander, (2006),"Does relationship marketing improve customer relationship satisfaction and loyalty?", International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 24 Iss: 4 pp. 232 - 251 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652320610671333 Downloaded on: 16-01-2013 References: This document contains references to 91 other documents Citations: This document has been cited by 30 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 13476 times since 2006. * Users who downloaded this Article also downloaded: * Andreas Leverin, Veronica Liljander, (2006),"Does relationship marketing improve customer relationship satisfaction and loyalty?", International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 24 Iss: 4 pp. 232 - 251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652320610671333 Andreas Leverin, Veronica Liljander, (2006),"Does relationship marketing improve customer relationship satisfaction and loyalty?", International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 24 Iss: 4 pp. 232 - 251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652320610671333 Andreas Leverin, Veronica Liljander, (2006),"Does relationship marketing improve customer relationship satisfaction and loyalty?", International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 24...
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...Title: Author(s): Publication Details: Source: Document Type: The Carnivalesque in A Midsummer Night's Dream David Wiles Shakespeare and Carnival after Bakhtin. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1998. Shakespearean Criticism. Ed. Michelle Lee. Vol. 82. Detroit: Gale, 2004. From Literature Resource Center. Critical essay Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale, COPYRIGHT 2007 Gale, Cengage Learning [(essay date 1998) In the following essay, Wiles examines the festive and carnivalesque elements in A Midsummer Night's Dream. According to the critic, the play was historically part of an "aristocratic carnival" used to celebrate weddings in upper-class society.] Carnival theory did not begin with Bakhtin, and we shall understand Bakhtin's position more clearly if we set it against classical theories of carnival.1 From the Greek world the most important theoretical statement is to be found in Plato: The gods took pity on the human race, born to suffer as it was, and gave it relief in the form of religious festivals to serve as periods of rest from its labours. They gave us as fellow revellers the Muses, with Apollo their leader, and Dionysus, so that men might restore their way of life by sharing feasts with gods.2 This is first a utopian theory, maintaining that carnival restores human beings to an earlier state of being when humans were closer to the divine. And second, it associates carnival with communal order. Plato argues that festive dancing creates bodily order, and thus bodily and...
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...JOSÉ LUIS MACHINEA Executive Secretary ALICIA BÁRCENA Deputy Executive Secretary Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean economic commission for latin america and the caribbean C E P A L Review NUMBER 85 APRIL 2005 SANTIAGO, CHILE OSCAR ALTIMIR Director REYNALDO BAJRAJ Deputy Director The CEPAL Review was founded in 1976 and is published three times a year by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, which has its headquarters in Santiago, Chile. The Review, however, has full editorial independence and follows the usual academic procedures and criteria, including the review of articles by independent external referees. The Review is distributed to universities, research institutes and other international organizations, as well as to individual subscribers, and is also consulted extensively on the Internet. The purpose of the Review is to contribute to the discussion of socio-economic development issues in the region by offering analytical and policy approaches and articles by economists and other social scientists working both within and outside the United Nations. Accordingly, the editorial board of the Review extends its readers an open invitation to submit for publication articles analysing various aspects of economic and social development in Latin America and the Caribbean. The opinions expressed in the signed articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the...
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...Journal of American Studies, 45 (2011), 1, 113–129 f Cambridge University Press 2010 doi:10.1017/S0021875810001271 First published online 19 July 2010 Jazz as a Black American Art Form : Definitions of the Jazz Preservation Act JEFF FARLEY Jazz music and culture have experienced a surge in popularity after the passage of the Jazz Preservation Act (JPA) in 1987. This resolution defined jazz as a black American art form, thus using race, national identity, and cultural value as key aspects in making jazz one of the nation’s most subsidized arts. Led by new cultural institutions and educational programs, millions of Americans have engaged with the history and canon of jazz that represent the values endorsed by the JPA. Record companies, book publishers, archivists, academia, and private foundations have also contributed to the effort to preserve jazz music and history. Such preservation has not always been a simple process, especially in identifying jazz with black culture and with America as a whole. This has required a careful balancing of social and musical aspects of jazz. For instance, many consider two of the most important aspects of jazz to be the blues aesthetic, which inevitably expresses racist oppression in America, and the democratic ethic, wherein each musician’s individual expression equally contributes to the whole. Balanced explanations of race and nationality are useful not only for musicologists, but also for musicians and teachers wishing to use jazz as an example...
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...Equality and the Constitution 4 Class 1: Slavery and the Constitution 4 1. The Original Constitution 4 2. State v. Post 4 3. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) 4 4. Reconstruction 5 5. Post-Reconstruction Cases 6 Class 2: The Advent of American Constitutional Law: Brown 7 6. RACIAL EQUALITY 7 7. Brown I (1954) The segregation of children in public schools based solely on race violates the Equal Protection Clause. 7 2. Brown II 8 3. What was the constitutional harm in Brown? 8 4. THEORY 8 5. Subsequent School Desegregation 9 Class 3: Local Efforts to Desegregate: Parents Involved 11 6. Parents Involved 11 Class 4: Rational Basis Review: Cleburne, Romer, etc. 13 2. Tiers of Scrutiny 13 3. Beazer (1979) 13 4. Moreno (1973) 14 5. Cleburne (1985) 14 6. Romer (1996) 15 7. Nordlinger (1992) and Allegheny Pittsburgh (1989) 16 8. Lee Optical (1955) 17 Class 5: Racial Classifications and Heightened Scrutiny: Strauder, Korematsu, Loving 17 9. Heightened Scrutiny Analysis 17 10. Strauder (1880) 17 11. Korematsu (1944) 18 12. Loving (1967) 19 13. Theories Supporting Strict Scrutiny of Racial Classifications 20 14. Tiers of Scrutiny 20 15. Tiers of Scrutiny Table 21 Class 6: Facially Neutral Classifications: Washington v. Davis 21 16. Types of Discrimination (from Fall) 21 X. Disparate Impact 21 XI. Purposive Discrimination 22 ...
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