...The Solution to Ethnic and Racial Civil Conflict Jacqueline Zhang GOVT 150W Introduction to International Politics Introduction Within a period of three months in 1994, an estimated five to eight hundred thousand people were killed as a result of civil war and genocide in Rwanda. Large numbers were physically and psychologically afflicted for life through maiming, rape and other trauma; over two million fled to neighboring countries and maybe half as many became internally displaced within Rwanda. This human suffering was and is incomprehensible. Similar ethnic and racial civil conflicts have deeply scarred countries and are threatening to break out in many places around the globe. Too much blood has been shed for ethnic and racial causes and too many have died in ethnic and racial wars. In accordance to the constructivist model of nationalism, identity (re)construction solves ethnic and racial civil conflict. Definition For the purpose of demonstrating how identity (re)construction solves ethnic and racial civil conflicts, “solve” can be defined as 1) to explain and 2) to put an end to, settle. In addition, “explain” means to make clear the cause, origin or reason of. Furthermore, an ethnicity is a population of human beings whose members identify with each other, on the basis of a real or a presumed common genealogy or ancestry. The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics...
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... When we read about these two nations we see that, South Africa and Nigeria have a lot of influence on African Affairs. Nigeria and South Africa both are blessed their ethnicities and races, an asset to national and economic development. Nigeria and South Africa are both stratified societies. Both the countries were shaped by assumptions and definitions imposed by the British rulers. British imperial rule in both countries provided identities, languages and symbols for ethnic and racial groups. [2]In South Africa, for example, the colonists' policies deepened the differences between Zulus and Xhosas, Ndebele and Vendas, Tswana and Qwaqwa, etc. Also, those of mixed race were segregated from the white groups through culture, residence, occupation and status. These differences benefited the elite by fomenting conflict. [3]The case of Nigeria is similar, with the exception of the racial groupings. There are no significant populations of colored people or whites in Nigeria. Instead, there are indigenous ethnic groups who were encouraged to segregate by the colonialists. The...
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...1. The Second Industrial Revolution a. Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to economic issues. b. Analyze how technological innovation has affected economic development and society. c. Explain how interpretations of the Constitution and debates over rights, liberties, and definitions of citizenship have affected American values, politics, and society. d. Explain how interpretations of the Constitution and debates over rights, liberties, and definitions of citizenship have affected American values, politics, and society. 2. The Transformation of the West Group 1 e. Explain how different group identities, including racial, ethnic, class, and regional identities, have emerged and changed over time. f. Explain how popular movements, reform efforts, and activist groups have sought to change American society and institutions. g. Analyze relationships among different regional, social, ethnic, and racial groups, and explain how these groups’ experiences have related to U.S. national identity. h. Analyze causes of internal migration and patterns of settlement in what would become the United States, and explain how migration has affected American life. Group 2 i. Explain how ideas about democracy, freedom, and individualism found expression in the development of cultural values, political institutions, and American identity. j. Explain...
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...Description This course is designed to educate students about issues of race and ethnicity by presenting historical and modern perspectives on diversity in the United States, and by providing tools necessary to promote a respectful and inclusive society. Students will complete several activities that allow them to examine their own values in relation to the values of various other racial and ethnic communities. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Schaefer, R, T. (2006). Racial and ethnic groups (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Axia College’s Writing...
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...about racism in relation to ethnicity, social history, class and gender. The theorists have made a very important point in that although social culture rejects the idea of racism, it does still exist, sometimes in very similar ways. An example is the similarity between ethnocentrism and ideological racism. Both of these believe that their ethnic culture is superior and other cultures are biologically, intellectually or culturally inferior. The two tie in together as the basis for prejudice. Institutional racism is also explained. This is a complex subject, but usually occurs within an institution setting such as government bodies and the private sector. Some ethnic groups have an advantage in this situation whereas others are disadvantaged and discriminated against. Hollinsworth also explores the Marxist and feminist perspectives on racism. In the Marxist approach, the main focus is on race in the context of class. The feminist view however concentrates on the impact that ethnic and racial discrimination have on gender. The concept of identity politics is then explored which is a theory that specific ethnic groups unite in order to affect political or social change. White studies are then discussed which are based on the theory that there are many political, legal and economic privileges for those categorised as being white, whereas those racialised as non-white and indigenous are often disadvantaged. Lastly, the concept of new racism and the...
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...Discussion on Canadian Ethnic problems and multiculturalism Abstract: The history of Canada has gone through various events, some of which produced a nightmare for the country and from which the people as well as the leaders are still trying to awake, while making sure that such events do not take place ever again. In this essay I discuss the Canadian Ethnic problems and it's multiculturalism by mainly focus on two typical examples :the aboriginal people and the Chinese who have suffered injustice through out the history in different aspects such as politics and cultural. And later ,by looking at the current situations of the Canadian ethnicity in general and going over the past decisions that the government had made, I try to suggest the possible solutions. Introduction: As we all know, Canada is a country with large immigrants. Therefore , the history of Canada is largely the history of the meeting of different cultures. As its early settlers are mostly immigrants from Central and Western Europe, European culture is playing a dominant role in Canada's culture. Since the eightieth of the twentieth century, as the number of immigrants from different parts increased significantly, the new immigrants brought in their own culture with them as well. Thus, people are now feeling more of the tensions between those cultures and of prejudice felt among these groups toward one another. For this reason, how to deal with the relationship...
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...Associate Program Material Religious and Ethnic Groups Paper Instructions Part I Select at least 1 religious and 1 ethnic/racial group not your own from the list below. Religious groups (based on http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf) Christianity Evangelical Protestant Mainline Protestant Historically Black Churches Roman Catholic Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) Jehovah’s Witnesses Orthodox (Greek, Eastern) Judaism (Orthodox, Conservative, or Reform) Buddhism (Theravada or Mahayana) Islam (Sunni, Shia, Sufism) Hinduism Racial/ethnic groups (based on divisions in U.S. Census Bureau documents) Asian (Asian descent) Black (African descent) Hispanic and Latino (South or Central American descent) Pacific Islander (Polynesian descent) White (European descent) Part II Write a 750- to 1,400-word paper in which you consider the following regarding the religious group and racial/ethnic group you selected: Religious group: How does your selected religious group differ from other religious groups (such as in their beliefs, worship practices, or values)? According to social and political views, the Mormon religion is different and therefore, is most noticeable than that of the population in general, and other religions. Their conservation towards political and culture issues are different. A vast amount of Mormons say that definite rulings of right and wrong are strongly held. The Mormons feel that the values they have are felt threatened often by...
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...ESSAY QUESTION; 1. Short Essay (1500-2000- words) Assessment 1 Students are required to submit a short essay that encompasses theory and examples to support the argument that: Sport and politics are inextricably linked. Intro This essay intends to discuss the mechanisms by which sports and politics are inextricably linked. To do so, the paper will focus on instances where politics/political relations have deeply implicated/penetrated/interfered the process/practice of sport. The core or main focal point of the essay will discuss the history behind the human rights violation made by South Africa’s apartheid policy/regime and their lofty suspension from the Olympic Games. The paper will go onto explore how this racial segregation policy impacted sport within the South African nation/community. A conclusion will follow which describes South Africa’s present stance in post-apartheid era and how sport contributed to the dismantling of the apartheid regime In order to begin, it is first necessary to define Human Rights clearly. The Officer of High Commissioner for Human Rights state that “Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.” http://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx ...
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...[pic] 本科生毕业论文文献综述 （2012届） |论文题目 |A Study on Racial Discrimination in Crash | | | | | | |学生姓名 |谢薇 |学 号 |0808031004 | |专 业 |英语 |班 级 |085 | |指导教师 |颜钟祜 |职 称 |教授 | 杭州师范大学外国语学院 文献综述基本要求 |一、文献综述 | |含本选题国内外研究现状、研究主要成果、发展趋势、存在问题等内容，字数不少于3000字，力求内容切题，具综合归纳性。 | |综述正文须用本专业语种撰写。 | |二、查阅中外文献资料目录 | |所查阅的中外文献资料不得少于15篇（其中外文资料至少8篇），含作者、书名或论文题目、出版社或刊名、出版年月或期号及页码等，未经本人查阅的文献 | |资料目录不得列上。 | | ...
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...racism. Throughout society multiculturalism can be referred to racism. Some cultures are trying to work together to build a better life. Throughout this paper I will discuss how racism can be institutional, learned, cancerous, dangerous, but not accidental. Furthermore, this paper will bring awareness that ethnicity and racial association can determine an individual’s worth personally and their identity. In addition comprehending that racism is yet present in many cultures. Multiculturalism allows one to think that all cultures are equal regardless of one’s moral views. According to Stewart (2012) racism can be defined as speaking, acting or thinking negatively about someone else solely based on that person’s color, class or culture (p. 466). In our society today it is suggested that racism was deleted after the Civil Rights era. The truth is racism is very much present today. Throughout society multiculturalism can be referred to racism. Racism can be known as institutional, learned, cancerous, dangerous, but not accidental. Society tries to portray that racism is a thing of the past, but in reality racism is still present today. Ethnicity and racial association can determine an individual’s worth personally and their identity. Multiculturalism allows one to think that all cultures are equal regardless of one’s moral views. Racism is hidden in modern society and it brings separation, hatred, war, and at times social injustice. All cultures...
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...To what extent can “ethnic cleansing” in Bosnia be attributed to the manipulative influence of elites? In the years before the disintegration of Yugoslavia in 1990-91, ethnic relations were neighbourly and cooperative. However, Yugoslavia had been made up of six republics and it was a multi-ethnic country in which ‘nations and nascent states did not coincide’. Bosnia in particular was multi-ethnic. Its population consisted of Serbs, Croats and Muslims. There was undoubtedly potential for ethnic conflict and with the failure of communism and the disintegration of Yugoslavia, ethnic relation deteriorated rapidly. This was in large part due to the manipulative influence of elites who sought to establish nation states. Serbian nationalists looking to create a “Greater Serbia”, and Croatian nationalists attempting to establish a “Greater Croatia” manipulated ethnic relations with repetitive propaganda and “expert” opinion. Added to this, the fear and uncertainty created by the disintegration itself was a factor that led to ethnic cleansing, spawning nationalist ideologies and giving credibility rumours spread by elites. Furthermore, a history of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans made the transition from nationalism to ethnic cleansing short and easy, as well as making people more receptive to the influence of elite propaganda. Existing communal conflicts in Bosnia were also in small part responsible for the levels of ethnic cleansing however these were exaggerated and intensified...
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...Chapter 30: Economic and Social Change in the Late 20th Century Economic, cultural, and social changes have affected America greatly in the late twentieth century. The population since 1980 has become increasingly older, urban, diverse, southern, and western. Declining birth rates and rising life expectancy combined to produce an aging population. Between 1970 and 1990 most American financial and industrial growth occurred in the South and West, the Sunbelt. The Sunbelt also proved attractive to large numbers of new immigrants from Latin America and Asia. Lyndon Johnson's 1965 Immigration Act laid the basis for an increased volume and diversity of immigrants. Modern legislation has attempted to limit immigration to political refugees, and also to curb illegal immigration, while raising the number of immigrants with specific skills. Continued flight of businesses and individuals to the suburbs brought transformation and crisis in the nation's urban areas, but the 1990s witnessed a revival and renewal in some major cities. Technological change has ushered in amazing economic transformations. The most noteworthy new technologies are those in biotechnology, high-performance computing, and communications systems. Innovations in credit, electronic banking, franchising, and globalization, especially through the widespread use of computers, have affected business. Employment in traditional manufacturing areas declined while unions saw their membership and political power...
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...social and political forces. In order to understand how policing in the united states relates to the current relationship between the police and the different social classes and ethnic groups, one needs to know how the history of policing has developed in order to become what it is currently. This paper will discuss the views of the momentous background of the united states police and this will help us to have a better understanding of how the different social classes and ethnic groups relates with the police. Police development has evolved over different eras. The first era was the era between 1840’s and early 1900’s. During this era, local political leaders are the ones who governed the police. The policing of these times was decentralized and this paved way for fraud through politics. The social and political worlds were closely connected police departments. There was a lot of disorganization and in efficiencies. This was caused by the lack of governmental control over the police officers that was resulted by the political nature of the positions of the police and decentralization. There was discrimination against ethnic minorities, racial groups, strangers and the people...
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...Ethnic stereotypes and multiculturalism. Summary of course "Ethnic psychology" Contents: 1. The concept and properties of ethnic stereotypes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4 2. National prejudices. Types etnostereotipov ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 3. 4. Variants of the reactions to cultural diversity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 5. Advantages and disadvantages of multiculturalism ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 Bibliographic list ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 20 Introduction. Considering the cultural differences in thinking, beliefs, attitudes and behavior, it is easy to succumb to cognitive and emotional reactions to the material to begin to make generalizations, to form negative stereotypes about other people and even pre-make judgments about these differences, and people who are inherent in this behavior before you really understand what lies at its core. These processes and reactions are common in today's world, and to describe them often use the terms ethnic stereotypes, prejudice, multiculturalism, discrimination. Unfortunately, these terms are often used without a clear idea about them, which only exacerbates the problems that they need to clarify. Some of today's most pressing social issues associated with these processes, as boundaries between countries and cultures are becoming more permeable as...
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...In reality, race is merely a made up concept, and the differentiating traits are varying physical phenotypes. So why does the idea of race exist within society? Darder and Torres would argue that the existence of race is likely due to the “race relations paradigm”. Race relations can be described as the relations between different “racial and ethnic” groups and societal influences such as politics, economics, and or social issues. How do different classes of people and or minorities relate to these issues? What are the social norms associated between different groups of people (or classes) and these issues? These predetermined notions tend to be harmful in modern society, as they appear to promote segregation, whether inadvertently or intentionally. Throughout history a paradigm has been created within race relations. Meaning that patterns have emerged throughout time when handing racial issues. Oppression continues in differing forms and there is no true acceptance or even acknowledgement when regarding racial issues and stereotypes....
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