...Lets Talk about Sex: The Importance of Parental Communication in Identity Development Introduction Experiences shape how one views, interacts and thinks about the world and themselves. During the time of adolescence, identities are still being shaped contrary to their possible adult appearance. Teens are capable of making decisions, which could change their lives forever. The involvements with their parents and peers have a large impact on their sexual identity, social identity and racial identity. As a future counselor, I am very interested in the decision making process in the adolescent age group. Growing up in a single parent household, my mother and I were really close. She established a relationship that allowed me to comfortably...
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...(social class) 2. Racial inequality 3. Gender inequality. Equality/inequality -Ontological equality -Equality of opportunity -Equality of condition -Equality of outcome Why inequality exists? Inequality in wealth and access to resources is generated by three processes: 1.) Unequal division of labor and/or low mobility across occupations. 2.) Surplus or abundance of resources 3.) The desire to accumulate wealth and assets Types of social mobility: mobility refers to movement between different position within a system of social stratification 1. Horizontal 2. Vertical 3. Structural 4. Exchange Why the class structure is changing -Massive growth in inequality between the rich and the poor. Called the “Great U-Turn” -Shrinking of the working class, with some growth in middle class and working poor. -Growth of poverty and the “underclass” -Rate of poverty is increasing twice as fast as population growth Why income inequality is increasing -Largely due to the increasing concentration of wealth at the very top of the income distribution. consequences of income inequality -High levels of income inequality reduces social cohesion, overall health, overall wealth, and education -Increases crime, debt, and political polarization Social construction of race -Instead, social scientists argue that “race” is socially constructed. Racial categories and the meaning of race vary over time and geographically. Racial status is differentially...
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...gender is not sex. Imagine you are born into a society in which you never knew your factual identity. That is, you don’t know who you are, except for that fact that you are alive. Moreover, suppose you were applying for a job and you encounter a query (question) saying, “What is your gender?” or “Are you a Male or...
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...V. 2. Part 1-Racial profiling: a brief history and background: Profiling began in the early 1970’s by the drug enforcement agency and it focused on certain behaviors. By the 1980’s when Reagan declared the war on drugs, skin color became a major profile component and enforcement of drug laws became to take on the street level rather than just in airports and the focus was increasingly on poor communities of color. By 1985, the DEA had trained thousands of police officers to employ the "pretextual traffic stop", a legal name for racial profiling, and refers to the practice of stopping drivers, particularly those of color, for minor traffic violations for the purpose of searching their cars for drugs, guns, or cash. In 1986, the DEA introduced...
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...discover some contributing factors to racism and why so many people tend to accept racism either consciously or sub consciously. Finally, from an objective perspective, this research will explain how racism develops through various ideas and why. Within these pages we will explore the possible causes of racism such as ethnocentrism, or the idea that one ethnic group is more superior to another. Xenophobia, fear and dislike of people from other countries or cultures is another contributing factor to racism. National pride can be a source of unity but also an excuse to discriminate against others, by holding the belief that your nation is better than other nations. We will explore some theories related to racism such as the idea that sexual repression is to blame for violence. Also exploring the theory of energetic fields as a possible explanation for why we feel so different from others. Racism, is a product of social conditioning for some, while for others natural tendency to categorize people as being different. It is important to understand a problem before a solution can be obtained....
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...Black and Latino males are most prospective to have their cars stopped and searched for drugs. Tim’s argument regarding the color-blind perspective relates completely to the issue of the privilege system. In the system, color-blindness is treated like an inability. Talking about the realities race, oppression and white privilege make people uncomfortable. There are races that feel superior and their position oppresses the minorities. Institutional privilege and inequality exist in every society, including Saudi Arabia. The Saudi system is dominated by the rich. The rich are comparable to the White privileged in America. The economic inequality makes one fall either to the dominant or the oppressed group. Racial Privilege (white) means that racial affiliation stands across all spectrums of life. It seems like a privilege to obtain legal, economic and health assistance...
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...potential study participants, research questions, and the viability of the topic. Problem and Purpose Statement Right now the country is faced with a serious issue and that issue is racial profiling. Events in Feguerson, Missouri, Cleveland, and New York have put civil rights and racial profiling into the spotlight. It is an issue that is not going away anytime soon and needs to be study. By studying arresting data and speaking with interviewing and polling individual in the community and law enforcement will we be able to understand racial profiling and its entirety. This could be done with something like a gallop poll or telephone surveys where people are selected at random across the nation. The problem is how law enforcement is using racial profiling in the field when it comes to making decisions. . Specifically, the problem is how minorities are stopped at a higher level than those of non-minorities. Over the years, African Americans, Hispanics, and since 9/11, people from the Middle East have been subjected to higher instances of investigative detentions, searches, traffic stops, etc. By definition, "racial profiling" occurs when a law enforcement officer questions, stops, searches, arrests, or investigates and individual because the officer holds a prejudicial notion that members of that person's racial or ethnic group have a greater likelihood than the rest of the population to commit the sort of crime the officer is investigating. (Barnes, Gross, 2010) Research Method The...
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...Racism and Violence in American Literature Racial tension between Black and White Americans has been viewed as one of the darkest chapters in the American history. The issue has been discussed in various forms of the media during the time. Literature is one of the most efficient means where racial discrimination is described in a very vivid yet precise way. The story “That Evening Sun” by William Faulkner and the play “Dutchman” by Amiri Baraka are two of several works of American literature that addresses the matter. Regardless of their different genres, these two works have employed many poetic devices such as metaphor, imagery, symbolism and repetition in order to address several subjects that belong to the core of human baseness: racism, abuse, sexuality, exploitation and murder which can be summed in the category of violence. “Dutchman” by Amiri Baraka, which was shown for the first time in 1964, is a play that addresses strongly the racial tension between Black and White Americans. The play has used several symbols and metaphor to serve the author’s purpose of describing the extreme hostility and dirty temptation that the implausible female character, Lula, has exposed to the young black man, Clay. The apple that Lula eats can be viewed as a symbol of sexuality and indulgence that are considered illegal or immoral. “You want this? [...] Eating apples together is always the first step. Or walking up uninhabited Seventh Avenue in the twenties on the weekends. [...] Would...
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...Associate Program Material Diversity Worksheet Answer each question in 50 to 150 words. Provide citations for all the sources you use. 1. What is diversity? Why is diversity valued? According to “Luther College” (2013), “Diversity encompasses complex differences in perspectives, identity, and points of view among individuals who make up the wider community. Diversity includes important and interrelated dimensions of human identity such as race, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status, nationality, citizenship, religion, sexual orientation, ability, and age” (para 2nd). Diversity is valued because it powers the way people understand and interpret the world. Multiple identities, ideas, thoughts, emotions, moral and values makes the community and society work better. 2. What is ethnocentrism? In what ways can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society? The "Dictionary. Com " (2013) website indicates that ethnocentrism is the propensity to evaluate other groups according to values and standards of their own ethnic group, particularly with the belief that their own ethnic group is superior than others group. Ethnocentrism can be detrimental to a society because of peoples false assumptions toward culture differences. It causes misjudgement and misinterpretation in the society and distorts communication between human beings. 3. Define emigration and immigration. Emigration is leaving the country or region you live in to settle in other country. For example...
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...Comparing and Contrasting Essentialist Approaches to Social Psychology with Social Constructionist Approaches to Social Psychology. A widely recognised definition of social psychology is “an effort to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behaviour of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others” (Allport, 1985). However, how to measure this, the research methods to be used and what constitutes useful evidence has caused much debate in the history of social psychology. This essay will compare and contrast the two epistemologies of essentialist and social constructionist approaches to social psychology and the research methods of quantitative and qualitative used in each approach. Essentialists’ view of the world is that the properties possessed by a group are universal in that group and do not depend on context. However, a member of a group may possess other characteristics that are not required to include it as a group member but, it must not have characteristics that preclude it from being a member of the group (Burr, 1995). For example, essentialists believe that personality consists of a number of traits and personality of an individual is established by the level of each of these traits. Essentialists also believe that these traits remain more or less stable over time and it is our personality that influences behaviour (Maltby, 2010). As essentialists are able to classify groups as such, they use quantitative research...
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...it in the technology industry. The male figure has always identified its gender role as the provider. This social construct originated from the nature of man been the hunter who provided his family with their daily meal. Therefore relegating the women to the role of caretaker and this aspect has kept its hold over the society. In the 21st century, sexism has been a covert and subtle process that tries to establish an environment that is less friendly and less accessible to women. It’s clear that sexism is evident in the Silicon Valley and beyond. We also identify that the technology aspect has always been associated with male perspective. Therefore, it has become common to hear a conversation about women who have suffered sexism and sexual harassment in their digital related jobs. Women have also been identified to facilitate this occurrence by been timid when it comes to technology in the workplaces. Therefore, the actions that sideline women from important decisions at the workplace can be seen as sexism in play. Rudman .A.L, Glick. P The Social Psychology of Gender: How Power and Intimacy Shape Gender Relations Texts in Social Psychology, Guilford Press, 2012 It’s clear that various gender...
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...In comparing the identity development of gay and lesbian client (Homosexual Identity Formation) to the Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model they seems to both been devised to address the conflict that society minorities experience both internally and externally. Both models suggest that inappropriateness of being competent regarding a client’s culture, race, or sexual preference causes problems in assessing a client accurately. According to Marszalek & Cashwell (1999) the Homosexual Identity Formation proposes six-stages within it model to describe the gay or lesbian identity development that leads to changes occurring in the person accepting their homosexual identity. The R/CID model “propose five stages of development that oppressed people experience as they struggle to understand themselves in terms of their own culture, the dominant culture, and the oppressive relationship between the two cultures” (Sue & Sue, 2008 p.242). As a counselor I would feel comfortable in counseling Hermes with his identity issues. I am a person who feels that sexual orientation does not matter and poses no problem as long as the person does not try to force their sexual preference upon anyone else. I feel that people are simply people whether heterosexual or homosexual, gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Their sexual orientation would not impact the quality of work I devote to helping them combat an issue they are having problems with. However if a person is struggling within themselves...
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...Sociopolitical Factors and Diversity Angie Kauffman Psych 535 September 7, 2013 Sociopolitical Factors and Diversity As society continues to diversify, both psychologists and therapists need to develop awareness for each client’s perspective, beliefs, and values. An individual’s perspective may differ from the perspective of his or her therapist. Thus, psychologists and therapists alike must develop an understanding of cultural diversity. Pederson and Locke (1999) stress the need for training in the culture-centered approach to gain, “accurate assessment, meaningful understanding, and appropriate intervention” (p. 11). A variety of factors can affect the understanding of a culturally diverse individual, such as homelessness, sexual harassment, and racism. Through an understanding of those three sociopolitical factors, psychologists and therapists can see the impact of these factors on psychological development, behavior, and distress. As a result, practices may be put in place to help minimize potentially harmful consequences. Homelessness Approximately two and a half million people are homeless and 30-50% of this group consists of families with children (Pedersen & Locke, 1999). According to Pederson and Locke (1999), homeless is defined if an individual meets one of the following criteria: • Inability to secure regular and stable housing • Primary residence is a public or private shelter • Occupying a place not designated for housing (p. 90). The homeless...
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...DJ Sociology of Family Gay Adoption: Race, Identity and Family Millions of children in this country are eagerly waiting to be adopted by loving parent/parents who will care and provide for them. Studies have shown that the role of race and identity in transracial adoption with the added pressure of being raised by gay parents affects children who are part of it. Some believe that these children are receiving a home that many dream of and others believe that these children are being deprived of their heritage and identity. Should children’s heritage and identities be taking into consideration when they adopted? Studies have proven that adoptive parents should be accepting of their children’s heritage and should alter their lifestyle to accommodate their children’s lives. Many children in the system are looking for a second chance for a better life. Adoption is a second chance at this better life, but with this second opportunity it can pose some challenges. Child adoption is complicated and complex situation in a whole, especially when it comes to race. When you mix a transracial adoption and a gay adoption into one household, you get a family with many questions and concerns. In the documentary, “Off and Running,” we see a coming-of-age story about a young teen named Avery Klein-Cloud who is an African-American girl adopted by white Jewish lesbians. She is one third of an adoptive set of children. Her older brother is a black and Puerto Rican boy and her younger brother...
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...an analogy to depict a perfect representation of racist stereotypes in America through both physical and mental acts of discrimination. Dutchman demonstrates Clay, as an innocent African-American man who becomes infuriated after he is tormented by the representation of white supremacy known as Lula. Their encounter turns from sexual to lethal as the...
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