...I strongly believe that Malcolm X became a positive black leader and a member of the Nation of Islam because of his services and achievements towards the civil rights movement and the NOI during the 1950's. Firstly, in his early life, X was sentenced to 8-10 years in prison for burglary charges and sleeping with white women, however he was granted parole after serving six years. While imprisoned X found self-enlightenment and began to study the teachings of Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam (NOI). Furthermore, X repeated Muhammad’s preaching’s about white supremacy that restricted Afro-Americans from empowering themselves and achieving political, economic, and social success. Secondly, X fought for African-American civil rights, this can be seen in the movie after the police mercilessly injure a fellow brother of his temple....
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...Comparing and Contrasting Essentialist Approaches to Social Psychology with Social Constructionist Approaches to Social Psychology. A widely recognised definition of social psychology is “an effort to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behaviour of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others” (Allport, 1985). However, how to measure this, the research methods to be used and what constitutes useful evidence has caused much debate in the history of social psychology. This essay will compare and contrast the two epistemologies of essentialist and social constructionist approaches to social psychology and the research methods of quantitative and qualitative used in each approach. Essentialists’ view of the world is that the properties possessed by a group are universal in that group and do not depend on context. However, a member of a group may possess other characteristics that are not required to include it as a group member but, it must not have characteristics that preclude it from being a member of the group (Burr, 1995). For example, essentialists believe that personality consists of a number of traits and personality of an individual is established by the level of each of these traits. Essentialists also believe that these traits remain more or less stable over time and it is our personality that influences behaviour (Maltby, 2010). As essentialists are able to classify groups as such, they use quantitative research...
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...In 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States of America pulled down its decision in the revolutionary case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The Court’s verdict changed provisions which permitted for distinct but equal communal amenities like public schools. Brown v. Board declared that the existence of separate facilities like schools was intrinsically unequal. This decision offered inspiration to the movement of American civil rights. The arbitrary decision brought down the public tolerance of racism. The decision engrossed on the country’s courtesy on black suppression in a way not seen because the Republicans were trying to rebuild the South after a Civil War. Brown succeeded in emphasizing the country’s ethnic caste scheme which gave inspiration to a movement of liberty rides to reunite federal transportation,...
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...Blackburn, a former lightweight boxer and skilled trainer who had already taken two white fighters to world championships in lower weight divisions. Blackburn patiently taught Louis a fundamental style of boxing that emphasized balanced but unspectacular footwork, a strong left jab, counterpunching, and throwing combination punches in rapid sequence. Until his death in 1942, Blackburn ensured that Louis ran six miles a day, sparred with discipline, and maintained his physical superiority and confidence against all challengers. By March 1935, Louis had won 18 professional fights and was bumping up against the barrier of segregation. Denied economic opportunity and political power, African Americans were invisible in America's emerging media age. With the exception of occasional tokens in track and field and college football, blacks had no opportunities to participate in major sports. In boxing, Louis had to live down the legacy of Jack Johnson, the first black heavyweight champion, who had caused race riots by humiliating former champion Jim Jeffries and national outrage by marrying white women. After Johnson lost his title in 1915, white promoters and fighters denied black contenders the opportunity to fight...
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...States. The Black Lives Matter was established primarily to terminate the prevalent murdering cases of the Black adults and children by the police officers. On the other hand, the Black Panther Party for Self -Defense was a revolutionary movement founded to terminate the state-sanctioned victimization, curb racial discrimination and aid some communities in several social programs in the USA. This article explains the strategies and plans used by the two organizations, their political influences, and ideologies of each movement. Zero Campaign plan and ten-point program of the Black Lives Matter movement and Black Panther party accordingly, are broadly discussed. Further, the paper elaborates on the means of communication particularly social media and newsletters employed by each organization such as cell phones and press in disseminating their information to the general public. In addition, the community impact and the services provided by the two movements are explicated in depth. The Black Lives Matter and Black Panther groups have effected a substantial political influence in the United States using various dogmas. The organizations’ mission of fighting for the rights of the African-Americans has overwhelmed the whole nation. Neither the police officers nor the country constitutionalists have been able to stop their influences in fighting against racial prejudice in the United States. For instance, city governments in Chicago have had to admit the influence of the advocates from...
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...Essay – One Friday Morning ”One Friday Morning” is written by Langston Hughes in 1950’s. When I was reading the story I couldn’t stop thinking about racism and difference between black people and white people and how the black people have to fight for them self all the time, back then but also now a days. The main character is Nancy Lee. She goes to school a white school, called George Washington High and she seems proud of being a Negro American. She also seems to be a calm and friendly girl, a girl that knows what she wants, and is following her dreams. I can see that because the last line in the text is “that is the land we must make” when I read that, I could see she is a real fighter and a girl who wants to change the country. The theme of the text is racism and difference between black people and white people, because the committee found out that Nancy Lee was black and then they changed their plans about her getting the “art scholarship of the year”. Analysis - composition: The text starts with in medias res, because we don’t get an introduction or a presentation. It is a chronological order, and the end is open. Because Nancy Lee could have done something and I think that it is obvious that she would, with the last words she is thinking. Story-teller: it is a 3.Person story-teller. I think the story-teller knows about Nancy Lee’s feelings, or maybe it is a person who knows her very well. And it is always this person’s point of view we see in the story...
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...lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, in February 1960 and refused to leave (History.com). Several sources state that the act of the four students began the civil rights movement in 1960. Throughout the 1960’s the media constantly showed the struggle the obstacles the southern states were going through. Thousands of colored people were soaked and overcome with the power of the water hose that firemen use to get them out of the street from the non-violent protest. In 1961, the Freedom Riders began trips to the southern states from Washington D.C. to test the Supreme Court ruling to segregate public transportation. The Freedom Riders had numerous trials and tribulations during that journey. The riders consisted of black, white, young, and old with each person hoping everyone could be equal. The riders learned the non-violent movement from Dr. Martin Luther King from the bus boycott movement. The Freedom riders experienced horrible mob violence outside Anniston Alabama in 1961 with a firebomb being thrown on their bus and causing them to flee and face the mob. The riders were imprisoned wrongly and while in jail continued to fight for their freedom until late 1961 when Kennedy banned segregation at all public interstate facilities. During the entire time the media displayed and covered each and every move displaying horrible acts. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a leader and a man who was tired of his people receiving unfair treatment. Non-violent marches and protest where lead...
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...Chang Kim Separate Pasts—Growing Up White in the Segregated South Racism has been a long lasting issue in history that is still relevant to present time. Racism was a huge issue during the segregation period in the 1940s-1950s, which led into other historical events such as the Rosa Parks bus boycott, KKKs, the assassin of Martin Luther King Jr., and etc. These historical events are significant because it demonstrates how racism fuels violence through anger and hatred and impacts the community as a whole by not necessarily having an opinion of their own. The small rural segregated town, Wade, began establishing social patterns after the Reconstruction period. In Separate Pasts, McLaurin illustrates some of the disadvantages the black community had to face during an era segregation existed and how the system of segregation was challenged through the personal relationships he had formed. During the 1950s in the small town Wade of North Carolina, everything was calm and tranquil because there were no media to broadcast the black and white community and the blacks were accepting of the standards. However, once protesters started becoming more noticed up and down the streets of Wade, and the blacks started challenging the systems against racism and segregation. The black community fell into a horrible stereotype of being barbaric, uncivilized, and uncultured. The African Americans also had very small power and authority compared to the whites. They were constantly working and...
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...America has had a very large and significant history. Much of their history has had a ripple effect on Australia and Australia’s history. My knowledge of American history may not always be gathered from the most historically accurate information or the most reliable sources. I have learnt a significant amount about the great depression, civil rights movement, Wars involving America, terrorism and other important events in American history. Up until the end of the 1920’s America was a country of success and great hope. The standard of living was high for the people who were wealthy and white, racism seemed to be a massive problem in America prior to this time and many decades following. While racism towards black people was an issue, it appears the sexist views towards...
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...Concerns of damaging America’s reputation fundamentally convinced government officials to favour Civil Rights reforms more than they previously had done as racial segregation “became an embarrassment to Washington” in its unwanted media attention. This continued to be the case during the Vietnam War when Muhammad Ali refused to be drafted into the U.S army whilst black people continued to be “treated like dogs” in America. His refusal to be drafted into the American army “gave other [African-Americans] courage” , providing the movement with new momentum and determination. As a result, the Cold War was undoubtedly a turning point in the progression of Civil Rights as it coincided with, and was partly responsible for, America’s global success consistently being undermined by its racial inequality. Consequently, war was invaluable as it provided the movement with motivation and the exposure it required to be...
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...rather the content of their character. Today many of the rules concerning segregation and racial inequality that existed during your time are long gone thanks to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and many other laws against discrimination. Laws for segregation for things such as water fountain use, schooling, restrooms, park benches, buses, trains, and segregated seating have all disappeared. Racist name calling is now perceived inappropriate and un-American and interracial marriages are at an all-time high. It is quite evident that racial equality is much closer today than when you were alive despite what many people believe. In the year 2012 things are very different socially than in the early 1950s and 1960s. Children are taught at a very early age that racial discrimination and racism is wrong throughout the nation. In 1968 a documentary was released by PBS called “The Eye of the Storm” that taught young third graders that racial discrimination was wrong. The thing that made this documentary truly special was that these young children lived in an all-white neighborhood in the state of Iowa, and it also displayed how fast the mindsets of Americans changed from being for racial discrimination to being against racial discrimination. On September 24, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Executive Order #11246 that was originally introduced by President John. F. Kennedy. This law required...
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...Race and Media Race and Media Deah Martin SOC/262 Amy Petts Television show can influence the way that viewers understand race and race relation. For instance most of the black shows and movies are directed and produce by White Americans. So the shows and movies are base off white people perspective of African Americans. Kelsey Grammar from the popular show Frasier has produce and directed several black sitcoms and movies. One of the movie that he directed was “Think Like A Man”, a book that was written from Steve Harvey. This film was about how to get a man and how to keep him from a man point of view. This was more towards a women audience. It also show how black men face life’s challenges and triumphs. The movie assistant women on how not to sleep with a guy right away, but to wait like his job, when you first start the job you are on 90 day probations. Another sitcom he did was “Girlfriends”. This show was about 4 mixed batch of African Americans who face life’s tests and triumphs together. From dating to divorce and friends to family to relationships, these ladies support each other despite their different backgrounds. Both the movie and the show came out in the late 2000. “Think Like A Man” was a perspective of a black man, and the show “Girlfriends” was a perspective of black women. The reason why I choose these two was due to stereotypes on how black is look at through media. I mean sometime I want to believe this how all black live. I can say this...
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...race, gender, and class restraints generally prohibited their being recognized articulators, spokesperson, and media favorites, these women did perform a multiplicity of significant leadership roles, such as the initiation and organization of action, the formulation of tactics, and the provision of crucial resources necessary to sustain the movement.” Even though, black women were an essential part in the movement, they stayed hidden, their work remained unnoticed, and they had to fight against three intersecting forces. Firstly, one of the reasons why women remained in the background was due to sexism. Since the movement centered around the church the ideals and structure transferred into the Civil Rights Movement. Barnett writes, “Indeed, in the Southern social structure of the 1950s, women were expected to adhere to the adage that they should be seen, not heard, and in Southern Baptist churches women’s place was ‘in the pew’ and ‘out the pulpit.’” In the church, there is a male-dominated hierarchy, and black women are forced to stay subordinate and remain in the background, careful of never upsetting the balance. Barnett also regards how traditional gender roles affect black women in the movement. Barnett writes, “‘White society has long decreed that while ‘women’s place is in the home,’ Black woman’s place is in the white woman's kitchen.”’ This idea shows the racism was still prevalent during this time period and the regard for white women to be at a higher standard than black...
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...like Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. Racism has been fought against for hundreds of years and yet it still is a incredibly big problem in today’s society. The article “Straight Talk for White Men” provided examples of how prejudices against African Americans are still present. A study was found that if you put in the same resumé and change the name to a “white-sounding name” it was as beneficial as eight years of experience. There are thousands of unconscious biases from those who have grown up in racist periods of time. These biases have spread rapidly and are a large cause of the failure of fighting against racism. This connects to gender equality because there has been extreme sexism in America’s history. I recently watched a movie called “Mona Lisa’s Smile” that focused on what women do after they get their degrees. The movie was based in the 1950’s and showed that back then, women would get degrees and then had to stay at home while their husband worked. It gave you a glimpse into how women’s potential was destroyed through sexism. The movie showed me that the generations who have experienced or heard of these ideas from their parents will hold many unconscious biases. These people who practice sexism have passed on their ideas to the next generation and even if the next people don’t follow these ideas, it still creates an unconscious bias. The present day generation is fighting against this with the help of social media. Except, it is harder to spread those ideas...
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...How far had civil rights movements made progress between 1945-1950? The period between 1945 and 1955 was regarded as the start of civil rights movements. It has been argued that during this period, civil rights movements had made progress, having an enormous impact, bringing tangible changes to the African-American community. To assess how far the progress had been made, it is important to take into consideration how it affected the Black community in America between 1945-1955. First of all, it is undeniable that during the 1945-155 period, there was a degree of support from the Federal Government. One of the most significant government supports was from Predisent Truman, who made several attempts to call for changes and racial equality to African-American community since he was horrified by attacks on black servicemen from Second World War. In September 1946, he created a civil rights committee with liberal members, whose reports would draw attention to unacceptable situations, to investigate on the racial problems. In October 1947, the committee gave Truman their report, which was entitled as “To Secure These Rights”, saying that the USA could not claim to lead the free world while black were not equal. It advocated eliminating segregation from US life by using federal power, recommending immediate action to remedy existing racial matters. The report was revolutionary in a country where relationship between Whites and Blacks was still tense. To make these recommendations...
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