...The Reconstruction Era As a country, America has gone though many political changes throughout its lifetime. Leaders have come and gone, and all of them have had their own objectives and plans for the future. As history has taken its course, though, almost all of these “revolutionary movements” have come to an end. One such movement was Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a violent period that defined the defeated South’s status in the Union and the meaning of freedom for ex-slaves. Though, like many things in life, it did come to an end, and the resulting outcome has been labeled both a success and a failure. When Reconstruction began in 1865, a broken America had just finished fighting the Civil War . In many respects, Reconstruction was a time period of attempted healing and building. It was the point where America attempted to become a full running country once more. This, though, was not an easy task. The memory of massive death was still in the front of everyone’s mind, hardening into resentment and sometimes even hatred. The south was virtually non-existent politically or economically, and searching desperately for a way into the political scene. Along with these things, now living amongst the population were almost four million former slaves, who had no idea how to make a living on their own. The former slaves had been freed by the 13th amendment in 1865, and in the future became a great concern to many political leaders. Still, it was no secret that something...
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...M.A. Social Work (Previous) FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work - 50 Paper S1: 02 Psychosocial Dynamics of Human Behavior - 50 Paper S1: 03 Methods of Working with People: Micro-Approaches - 50 Paper S1: 04 Social Welfare Administration - 50 Paper S1: 05 Research Methodology - 50 Paper S1: 06 Man & Society - 50 Paper S1: 07 Concurrent Field work three days in a week - 50 Total - 350 SECOND SEMESTER Paper S2: 01 Approaches and fields of Social Work - 50 Paper S2: 02 Human Growth and Development - 50 Paper S2: 03 Methods of working with People: Macro Approaches - 50 Paper S2: 04 Management of NGO’s and Disaster Relief Services - 50 Paper S2: 05 Statistics and Computer Application - 50 Paper S2: 06 Dynamics of Socio-Political Institutions and Organizations - 50 Paper S2: 07 Concurrent Field work (three days in a week) -50 Total - 350 M.A. in Social Work (Part-I) Preamble: 1. There shall be six theory papers of 50 marks each and field work of 50 marks as paper seventh out of 50 marks, 38 marks shall be devoted to semester paper and 12 marks shall be fixed for class/home assignments. 2. The format of the theory paper shall be the same as it is being following by the university. 3. Evaluation procedure shall be as per university norms. FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work (50) Unit – I Meaning, objectives and scope of social work; Role...
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...African American's Journey Essay Below is a free essay on "African American's Journey" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. “African American’s Journey to Freedom” Charity Johnson HIS204: American History since 1865 Instructor: Leslie Ruff February 11, 2013 “African American’s Journey to Freedom” To some African Americans it may seem ironic that The United States of America is known as “the land of the free” considering that majority of their ancestors entered the US as slaves. African Americans were brought to North America via the middle passage which originated during the fifteenth century. They were enslaved for approximately 400 hundred years until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Although African Americans were enslaved in America, they were determine to survive and one day be freed in this great country. During The African American’s journey to freedom several significant events took place which was inclusive of but not limited to: The Civil Rights Movement of 1865-1877, Separate but Equal Legislation (Plessy vs. Ferguson court case) in 1896, The Harlem Renaissance of 1920, Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954, The March on Washington Movement of 1963, and The Black Power Movement of the late 1960s and 1970. I will discuss the significance of these events in relation to the African American journey to freedom and how they have help shape American society today. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT OF 1865-1877 Frequently when...
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...No. 2060 August 7, 2007 The Estonian Economic Miracle The Honorable Mart Laar Estonia is a small country in Northern Europe on the Baltic Sea, at the crossroads of East and West, South and North. Samuel Huntington states that the Estonian border is a border of Western civilization, a border where civilizations clash.1 This has made Estonia interesting to historians but hard for people who live there. Throughout history, Estonians have had to fight for their freedom. In 1918, Estonia declared independence. It was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 during the Second World War. We fought the communist terror during the war but were defeated. As a result of the occupation, Estonia lost nearly 20 percent of its population. But we never gave up. When the 1980s offered us a new chance, we took advantage of it. Estonia became one of the first countries to pry open the cracks in the Soviet Empire. Finally, in 1991, after 50 years of occupation, Estonia became free again. We had freedom but little else. Estonia was destroyed during the period of communist rule. In 1939, Estonia’s living standards and way of life were more or less the same as neighboring Finland’s. Then Estonia lost its independence, but Finland, despite losing territory and population, succeeded in keeping its independence. Life under two different political systems created a huge disparity in the development of Finland and Estonia. People learned and worked hard on both sides of the Finnish Bay, but only the Finns...
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...Man – John Henry, The Untold Story of an American Legend Reviewed Caroline M. Smith University of Houston – Downtown S.R.NELSON’S STEEL DRIVIN’ MAN REVIEWED Introduction 2 Scott Reynolds Nelson examined the life and death of a Mr. John William Henry in the insightful book titled, Steel Drivin’ Man – John Henry, The Untold Story of an American Legend. According to Nelson, John Henry was from Elizabeth City, New Jersey, turned 18 in 1865 and stood five feet one and a quarter inches when he first appeared in Prince George County, Virginia in April of 1866 (44). Here, as Nelson began his journey to the truth behind the real John Henry, he encountered many mysteries. Based upon my understanding of Nelson’s research compiled in his book, Steel Drivin’ Man, this paper will explore only three mysteries that Nelson encountered along the way and how he confronted them. I will examine the circumstances surrounding John Henry’s incarceration, the events that led him to drive steel and finally, the cause of his death. In doing so, I hope to gain a deeper awareness of the life and times of John Henry, whether he be fact or fiction, which can qualify a deeper appreciation of the triviality of some of today’s commonplace woes. S.R.NELSON’S STEEL DRIVIN’ MAN REVIEWED 3 Nelson was unable to find any earlier recordings of John Henry until his arrival in Prince George County after the Civil War when the land was still in upheaval (41). John Henry was introduced by way of the...
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...CHAPTER TWELVE FUNDING HIGHER EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: CRUCIAL ISSUES A. O. O. OGUNTOYE,Pk.D Introduction Education is the fastest growing social sector of the Nigerian economy, at least, in quantitative terms. Education grew slowly but steadily during the colonial era but there was a dramatic leap forward in enrolment in the 1970s after the windfall from an oil wealth that came in form of sale of oil, oil royalties and taxes on oil. Both the wealth and the expansion in enrolment were unprecedented 'in the annals of the country. The boom, which lasted for a few years, because of its nature and the kind of people that managed it, spelt doom for education. This chapter briefly examines past trends in enrolments and educational financing with a view to assessing present predicaments and future possibilities. There has been a monolithic supplier of funds to education - the government. This source, which is now over-burdened and overwhelmed, cries out for relief, which cannot come in easy because it involves hard political choices with attendant costs, moreso, because it is easier to destroy by a stroke of the pen in the 1970s when the fever of school take-over and free education spread like wild-fires. Demand and Supply of Education in Nigeria The demand and supply of education follow a linear relationship that keeps on expanding in response to the average growth in population of more than 2.5% annually. Nigerians having tasted education become insatiable, moreso, because of the profound...
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...I will later research these same issues for South Africa and compare the two...
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...secondary sources are used including textbooks and biographies; both online and print, one of the secondary source was in Czech language. The scope of the investigation is focused on years from 1938 to the final takeover in 1948. Several external examples are used, why external factors were mostly important in Communist take over. Two very significant important factors what happened were the conference in Yalta, and the Czechoslovak-Soviet Treaty of Alliance signed by Czechoslovak president Edvard Benes, but after investigation each of mentioned external factors are important for various reasons. Sources about Czechoslovak history from 1938 to 1948 are mostly used, because the essay is mostly focused on this period. In conclusion of the research paper it will argue that because of external serious consequences the Czechoslovak takeover in 1948 was mostly because of the...
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...POLITICAL INSTABILITY TOWARDS TRANSITIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN WARDHIGLEY DISTRICT BY ABHIRI ABDULLAHI MOALIN 111-023031-06073 THIS RESEARCH IS SUBMITED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIEREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BARCHELORS DEGREE IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF THE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY IN UGANDA MAY 2014 DECLARATION I, Abshir Abdullahi Moalin, hereby declare to be the sole author of the work presented in this research. It is my own work and has never been presented for the same award by any student in this course or any other. Name : ABSHIR ABDULLAHI MOALIN Reg No: 111-023031-06073 Sign: ………………………… Date: ……………………….. APPROVAL SHEET This research was written by Abshir Abdullahi Moalin of REG NO: 111-023031-06073, under my supervision and it is now ready for submission as partial fulfillment of the award of a Bachelor’s degree in Development Studies of the Islamic university in Uganda. Name: MR. MALIYAMUNGU HABIB Sign: ……………………..…… Date: ……………………….. University supervisor DEDICATION All honor and praise be to Allah the Most Gracious the Most Merciful, who has enabled me to successfully complete this dissertation successfully. I dedicate this research to my parents, brothers and sisters for the love, care and support they rendered to me. May the Almighty Allah bless them and reward them abundantly...
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...POLICY BRIEF SUMMARY SHAPING EUROPE’S AFGHAN SURGE Daniel Korski Unnoticed by many, the last few years have seen something of a European military surge in Afghanistan. Since late 2006, 18 of the 25 EU countries participating in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), NATO’s Afghan mission, have increased their troop contributions, and as a result EU member states now account for 43% of ISAF’s total deployment. This military surge has been accompanied by a steady growth in European efforts to contribute to Afghanistan’s reconstruction, from development aid to police training – although not every EU member state is pulling its weight. These measures have made the EU a major stakeholder in Afghanistan. Yet the EU’s real impact on the country has been limited. In the face of a likely request from the Obama administration to do more, European governments should now formulate a hard-headed political strategy as a complement to the coming US military surge. Introduction President Barack Obama and his secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, have made it clear that they expect a significant enhancement of the European effort in Afghanistan. The issue is likely to be viewed in Washington as a litmus test of whether the Europeans can be taken seriously as strategic partners. Obama’s strategy in Afghanistan is likely to include an attempt to “regionalise” the issue, involving some kind of dialogue with Iran and efforts to bring India, the Gulf states and the central Asian...
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...Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi Public Trust September 2002 Decentralization and Devolution: Educational Implications of the Praetorian Interpretation Pakistan has a diverse ethnic population of 142 million people, with 32.2 percent people living below the poverty line (I-PRSP, 2001). It is a federation with four provinces and four federally administered territories[1]. For three decades the country experienced a process of increasing centralization in decision-making, resource management and service delivery. During that period, governments were set up under Islamic Socialism, martial law, experiments with democracy by eight governments, and another military take over. Democratic institutions and service delivery eroded at each reconstruction of the state. To offset poor governance, a process of devolution has been initiated through establishment of local governments across Pakistan. The principle of inclusion through political decentralization was meant to provide institutional entitlements for voice and action. Direct elections were held at the union council level (encompassing a population of 25,000, covering 5-7 villages or more settlements) in 2000 for 21 representatives. As the result of a countywide mobilization drive thirty-three percent seats were reserved for women, an unprecedented accomplishment in Pakistan’s history. In addition, six seats were set-aside for workers and peasants and one for a representative of a minority group. The latest attempt...
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...A Framework for Research and Curriculum Development in Undergraduate Mathematics Education Mark Asiala Purdue University W. Lafayette, Indiana Anne Brown Indiana University South Bend South Bend, Indiana David J. DeVries Georgia College Milledgeville, Georgia Ed Dubinsky Purdue University W. Lafayette, Indiana David Mathews Central Michigan University Mt. Pleasant, Michigan Karen Thomas University of Wisconsin-Platteville Platteville, Wisconsin c November 4, 1997 Abstract Over the past several years, a community of researchers has been using and re ning a particular framework for research and curriculum development in undergraduate mathematics education. The purpose of this paper is to share the results of this work with the mathematics education community at large by describing the current version of the framework and giving some examples of its application. Our framework utilizes qualitative methods for research and is based on a very speci c theoretical perspective that is being developed through attempts to understand the ideas of Piaget concerning re ective abstraction and reconstruct them in the context of college level mathematics. Our approach has three components. It begins with an initial theoretical analysis of what it means to understand a concept and how that understanding can be constructed by the learner. This leads to the design of an instructional treatment that focuses directly on trying to get students to make the constructions called for by the analysis....
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...Social History ISSN: 0307-1022 (Print) 1470-1200 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rshi20 The search for ‘General Ludd’: the mythology of Luddism Katrina Navickas To cite this article: Katrina Navickas (2005) The search for ‘General Ludd’: the mythology of Luddism, Social History, 30:3, 281-295, DOI: 10.1080/03071020500185406 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071020500185406 Published online: 05 Aug 2006. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 574 View related articles Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rshi20 Download by: [York University Libraries] Date: 17 February 2016, At: 09:19 Social History Vol. 30 No. 3 August 2005 Katrina Navickas Downloaded by [York University Libraries] at 09:19 17 February 2016 The search for ‘General Ludd’: the mythology of Luddism1 In attempting to make sense of the working-class disturbances of the period 1811–13, both contemporaries and historians have searched for ‘General Ludd’ and his followers. The magistrates who sent out their spies to uncover the underground organization of the movement, the witnesses and prosecutors at the Assize trials giving their versions of events, the parliamentary Secret Committee set up to investigate the disturbances, and the historians who rely on evidence surviving from these...
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...Violence from a gender view what role does masculinity play in Ethiopia context. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main concepts in feminist approach 3. Hegemonic masculinity theory 4. The subculture of violence in peace and conflict 5. The perception on gender versus sex in Ethiopia 6. Gendered dynamics of violence 6.1 Masculinities and violence 6.2 Femininities and violence 7. Conclusion 8. References 1. Introduction The paper critically evaluate the theory which claims that violence has a strong gender dimension and what role does masculinity play in violence. There are feminist theories and assumptions regarding the societal construction of gender, as it is divided into two major categories...
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...Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2005, Vol. 4, No. 1, 75–91. ........................................................................................................................................................................ Bad Management Theories Are Destroying Good Management Practices SUMANTRA GHOSHAL Advanced Institute of Management Research (AIM), UK and London Business School The corporate scandals in the United States have stimulated a frenzy of activities in business schools around the world. Deans are extolling how much their curricula focus on business ethics. New courses are being developed on corporate social responsibility. Old, highly laudatory cases on Enron and Tyco are being hurriedly rewritten. “What more must we do?”, the faculty are asking themselves in grave seminars and over lunch tables (Bartunek, 2002). Business schools do not need to do a great deal more to help prevent future Enrons; they need only to stop doing a lot they currently do. They do not need to create new courses; they need to simply stop teaching some old ones. But, before doing any of this, we—as business school faculty—need to own up to our own role in creating Enrons. Our theories and ideas have done much to strengthen the management practices that we are all now so loudly condemning. vested interests, which are dangerous for good or evil” Keynes (1953: 306). This is precisely what has happened to management. Obsessed as they are with the “real world” and sceptical...
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