...Smoking and Lung Cancer Ramon Gaetan, Kimberley Martinez, Anthony Paige, Mirany Legaspi, Annabelle Fohne HCS/330 December 06, 2010 Peter Mabrey Smoking and Lung Cancer Every year an estimated 392,000 people die from smoking -related diseases such as Lung cancer and another estimated 50,000 people die from secondhand smoke each year. Smoking is the number one preventable death within the United States. Of adults who have ever smoked most started at the age of 21 years old or younger. Smoking is directly responsible for over 90% of all lung cancer deaths (American Lung Association, 2010). The goal of this paper is to provide an analysis of lung cancer, which directly relates to smoking. Included in the analysis is an introduction of the disease, disease history, lung cancer etiology, affected populations, and possible treatments if any. By providing this information, one will understand why it is important to keep the younger generations from smoking and encouraging those who already smoke to quit, saving their lives and those around them from this unnecessary death known as lung cancer. When introducing lung disease one needs to know the emphasis from abstaining or acquiring help to quit smoking, which would greatly reduce the chances for someone to be affected by this deadly disease. Lung cancer is diagnosed by the results of abnormal cell growth in one or both lungs. This abnormal cell...
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...Occupational lung cancer and smoking: a review in the light of current theories of carcinogenesis ALAN C. CHOVIL, MA, MB, B CHIR MPH, DAB PREy MED This paper considers modern theories of carcinogenesis as they apply to the induction of lung cancer by tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to carcinogens. Some of the known and postulated factors affecting carcinogenesis are discussed, with particular reference to syncarcinogenesis and thresholds. Factors affecting the intensity of smoking exposure are reviewed, and the generally accepted occupational lung carcinogens are listed. Relative risks for the various carcinogens according to smoking status (where known) are presented. The carcinogens are considered individually, and known or postulated interactions with smoking are discussed. It is concluded that the effects of lung carcinogens can be explained on the basis of current theories that support a rational definition of priorities for the prevention of occupational lung cancer. Cette etude s'interesse aux th6ories modernes de Ia carcinogenese telles qu'elles s'appliquent a l'induction du cancer du poumon par le tabac et par les risques du metier relie aux carcinogenes. Ouelques facteurs connus ou postules relatifs a Ia carcinogenese sont discutes, avec un interAt particulier pour Ia syncarcinogenese et les seuils de tol6rance. Les facteurs qui influencent l'intensite de l'exposition au tabac sont revus et on fait l'inventaire des carcinogenes pulmonaires relies au metier...
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...Optimal Health and Wellness Aaron-John P McDonald COM/172 February 21, 2014 Robert Eakins Optimal Health and Wellness . A better understanding about how our bodies and minds function has been better observed by scientists and brought to the attention of the general public. Research has introduced three elements of health and wellness and how nutrition and fitness as active parts of our lives. Research has also discovered ways for preventing major diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Preventing awful effects in our environment and protecting the immune system is part of action plans researchers have discovered to play an important role in improved physical health and wellness. Physical Health It is important to get enough rest and sleep our body needs to rest to be able to function properly. Exercise is essential because it gives us strength, endurance, and a healthy body. That is why we should maintain a healthy weight so our body can fight other risk factors. Physical Health helps control weight and reduces the risk of Cardio-Vascular Disease (CVD) CVD disease (Donatelle, 2011). With exercise we can also reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers. But most of all it increase our chances of living longer and having better emotional health. Emotional Health People who are emotionally healthy are able to handle life's challenges, build strong relationships, and recover from setbacks from life. It requires effort stability to build and maintain emotional health...
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...Optimal Health and Wellness Aaron-John P McDonald COM/172 February 21, 2014 Robert Eakins Optimal Health and Wellness . A better understanding about how our bodies and minds function has been better observed by scientists and brought to the attention of the general public. Research has introduced three elements of health and wellness and how nutrition and fitness as active parts of our lives. Research has also discovered ways for preventing major diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Preventing awful effects in our environment and protecting the immune system is part of action plans researchers have discovered to play an important role in improved physical health and wellness. Physical Health It is important to get enough rest and sleep our body needs to rest to be able to function properly. Exercise is essential because it gives us strength, endurance, and a healthy body. That is why we should maintain a healthy weight so our body can fight other risk factors. Physical Health helps control weight and reduces the risk of Cardio-Vascular Disease (CVD) CVD disease (Donatelle, 2011). With exercise we can also reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers. But most of all it increase our chances of living longer and having better emotional health. Emotional Health People who are emotionally healthy are able to handle life's challenges, build strong relationships, and recover from setbacks from life. It requires effort stability to build and maintain emotional health...
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...High Risk – Low Return: The case against uranium mining in Queensland Australian Conservation Foundation Australian Manufacturing Workers Union Electrical Trades Union Friends of the Earth North Queensland Conservation Council Queensland Conservation Council Queensland Nuclear Free Alliance The Wilderness Society Cover picture: Mine tailings dam failure at Merriespruit, South Africa gold mine. On the day of the failure 50mm of rain fell in 30 minutes, comparable to flooding rain quantities in Qld in recent summers (source: tailings.info) High Risk – Low Return: The case against uranium mining in Queensland 1. Overview 2. Overstated economic potential 3. Environmental Impacts 4. Radiation and Health 5. Uranium and Indigenous Communities 6. Inadequate Regulation 6.1 Unresolved regulatory and operational issues 7. Beyond mining 7.1 Transportation 7.2 The myth of the peaceful atom: Weapons Proliferation 7.3 The myth of clean energy from nuclear power 7.4 A positive way forward for Queensland 8. Conclusions This report was prepared under the joint auspices of the unions and environmental and social justice groups listed on the cover. March 2013. Authors: R. Taubenfeld, D. Sweeney, J. Green High Risk – Low Return: The case against uranium mining in Queensland In October 2012 the LNP government broke its clear commitment not to allow uranium mining in Queensland. This commitment was the position of the LNP at the March 2012 state election and was reaffirmed...
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...longer life without problems. Introduction: Like most people, you already know that smoking is bad for your health. But do you really understand just how dangerous smoking really is and how it can be also deadly for non smokers too? Do you know that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year smoking causes about 6 million deaths which is about 10% of all deaths and 0.6 million of these occurring in non smokers too due to second hand smoke? Do you know that smoking is considered as the greatest cause of preventable death globally? Since stopping smoking can be an extremely difficult process, understanding exactly how smoking harms your body and people around you can help keep you motivated to end that habit. So in our research we are going to talk about smoking health problems and second hand smoke. Literature review: Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively. [1] About one half of long term male smokers will die of illness due to smoking. A person's increased risk of contracting disease is directly proportional to the length of time that a person continues to smoke as well as the amount smoked. However, if someone stops smoking, then these chances gradually decrease as the damage to their bodies repaired. A year after quitting, the...
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...Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 2 II. Allergy vs. Chemical Sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 2 III. Principles of Chemical Sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 3 IV. Awareness of Chemical Sensitivity in Various Medical Fields. . . . . . . . . Pg 4 V. Methods for Accommodation and Prevention of Chemical Sensitivity. . . . . . Pg 4 VI. Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 5 VII. Research Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 6 VIII. Sources of Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 7 IX. Interview Excerpts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 8 X. Works Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 10 I. Introduction Today, more than ever, there are many substances that pollute the earth and the surrounding environment that pose health risks. They include biological factors such as pollens, foods, water...
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...environment has a symbiotic relationship to the health of individuals, families and communities. The environment must be healthy in order for achievement of optimal health (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2014). Nurses have a responsibility to understand the health environmental risks, including how and what, should be included in assessment, planning and implementing interventions to reduce or eliminate the environmental risk. In addition, nurses must be able to communicate the environmental health risks, provide needed education and advocate for public policies to mitigate the risk to health (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2014). This paper will explore the nurse’s role in environmental nursing through the review of environmental principles, explaining differences between an environmental exposure history and an environmental health exam and the four phases of a chemical exposure. Finally, author will discuss the differences between community-based and community-oriented nursing and explain the how population-based approaches are applicable to the hospital setting. Environmental Principles According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2014), nurses must know how to assess for environmental health risks in order to help the individuals, families and communities they care for. In 1995, The National Academy of Science’s Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a report calling for all nurses to have a basic understanding of environmental health principles including these competencies in all aspects...
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...Research Review on the Biological Effect of Cell Phone Radiation on Human 1, 2 Ashraf A. Aly1, Safaai Bin Deris2, Nazar Zaki3 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 3 College of Information Technology, UAE University, UAE Ashraf.ahmed@uaeu.ac.ae, safaai@utm.my, nzaki@uaeu.ac.ae increased incidence rate of traffic accidents due to the use of mobile phone while driving. The risk of exposure to electromagnetic field was first highlighted and publicized in the late 1970s by Colorado study [2] that linked magnetic field exposure from power lines to the possible development of child leukemia. The amount of RF generated by cell phone is usually depends on the number of base stations around the area, the cell phone network traffic, and on how far the cell phone from base stations. The amount of the power which sent from a base station could vary from cell phone to another one even within the same area, depends on the interfering from obstacles such as buildings and trees [3]. Although, cell phones are designed to operate at power levels below a threshold for known thermal effects, radio frequency radiation could produce other kinds of effects, called biological effects. In Figure 1, we show a calculation of specific absorbed radiation (SAR) distribution in an anatomical model of human head positioned next to a 125 mW dipole antenna. The resulted Peak SAR is 9.5 W/kg over 1 mg which is a clear indication of the effect. Abstract The growth...
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...Joann Lee Geology Research Paper December 1, 2014 Air Pollution Air pollution can be described as any contaminate or harmful substance to the atmosphere that disturbs the natural composition and chemistry of the air, causing damage to the environment, human health and the quality of life. The air that we breathe is filled with substances and pollutants that are hazardous to our health and these pollutants in the air can take many forms such as gases, solid particles or liquid droplets. Pollution enters the Earth’s atmosphere in many different ways. Air pollution can be created naturally, for example smoke from wildfires or ash from volcanoes, but most air pollution is created by humans, especially from the release of emissions from factories, cars, planes and etc. Air pollution that occurs naturally is considered as a natural source and air pollution caused by humans are called anthropogenic or man-made sources. Air pollution is the most common in large cities due the high volume of people and some of the most polluted cities in the world are Beijing, New Delhi, Los Angeles and Cairo. Although air pollution is usually thought of as smoke from large factories or exhaust from vehicles, air pollution can come from indoors also. Burning kerosene, wood, or coal to heat a house can contaminate the air inside the house, resulting in air pollution indoors. The ash and smoke from the burning of the substances can make breathing difficult and can also stick to the walls, food or clothing...
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...GRASS AS THERMAL INSULATING MATERIAL KRISELLE ANNE A. GERPACIO A Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING DECEMBER 2014 INTRODUCTION Significance of the Study Cogon grass known as Imperata cylindrical is considered as the one of the worst weed because it destroys the land where it grows. It deteriorates the nutrients of the soil thus creating problems to farmers. Hence, the researcher would like to study if this grass can be a substitute as thermal insulating material. If it can be an alternative, this research would really give great help to many farmers. Objectives of the Study The main objective of this study is determine whether Cogon grass can be a substitute as thermal insulator as compared to other traditional thermal insulating materials. Specifically, this study aims to: 1. determine the thermal resistance (R) of Cogon grass as thermal insulating material; 2. determine the thermal conductivity (k) of Cogon grass as thermal insulating material; 3. determine how much heat (Q) trasmit to the layer of the Cogon grass per second; and, 4. determine how much is the temperature gradient or temperature difference per unit thickness of piled Cogon grass. Scope and Limitation of the Study The study will be limited only...
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...Year 11 Science Mentoring Task Booklet Things to remember when answering 6 mark exam questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Try and remember everything you can about what the question is asking before you start answering it Make at least 6 points Write in full sentences starting with capital letters and ending with full stops Try and answer the question in around five minutes Check your answer to make sure you have not left anything out Remember to use key words when appropriate Things to remember when marking 6 mark exam questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. Use a green pen Read through the science points at the bottom of the mark scheme first In the answer put ticks to show where the marks are coming from Mark for spelling and grammar by circling the word or part of the text and writing above it as follows: • • • • 5. 6. 7. 8. Spelling mistake (Sp) Missing full stop (Gr) Missing capital letter (Gr) Poor grammar (Gr) Cross out any bits that are irrelevant to the question Add up their total number of marks If there are more than three spelling or grammar errors minus one mark Leave constructive feedback Biology Cells Tissues & Organs Summary All living things are made up of cells. The structures of different types of cells are related to their functions. To get into or out of cells, dissolved substances have to cross the cell membranes. Cells Cells are the smallest unit of life. All living things are made of cells. Most human cells, like most other animal cells, have the following...
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...GREEN BUILDING GUIDE Design Techniques, Construction Practices & Materials for Affordable Housing RCAC GREEN BUILDING GUIDE Design Techniques, Construction Practices & Materials for Affordable Housing Principal Author Craig Nielson, LEED AP Rural Community Assistance Corporation Co-authors Connie Baker Wolfe Rural Community Assistance Corporation Dave Conine Rural Community Assistance Corporation Contributor Art Seavey Rural Community Assistance Corporation Design Dave Conine Sharon Wills Rural Community Assistance Corporation Managing Editor and Production Sharon Wills RCAC Corporate Office: 3120 Freeboard Drive, Suite 201, West Sacramento, California 95691 916/447-2854 | 916/447-2878 fax | www.rcac.org Published by Rural Community Assistance Corporation (RCAC), a nonprofit organization dedicated to assisting rural communities achieve their goals and visions by providing training, technical assistance and access to resources. RCAC promotes quality, respect, integrity, cooperation and commitment in our work. Copyright © 2009 RCAC. All rights reserved. For reprint permission, please call 916/447-2854. Disclaimer: The material in this document has been reviewed by RCAC and approved for publication. The views expressed by individual authors, however, are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of RCAC. Trade names, products or services do not convey, and should not be interpreted as conveying, RCAC approval, endorsement or recommendation...
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...unit 1 Water cycle The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Since the water cycle is truly a "cycle," there is no beginning or end. Water can change states among liquid, vapor, and ice at various places in the water cycle. Although the balance of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time, individual water molecules can come and go. Contents Description The sun, which drives the water cycle, heats water in the oceans. Water evaporates as vapor into the air. Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor. Evapotranspiration is water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmosphere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into clouds. Air currents move clouds around the globe, cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of the sky as precipitation. Some precipitation falls as snow and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers, which can store frozen water for thousands of years. Snowpacks can thaw and melt, and the melted water flows over land as snowmelt. Most precipitation falls back into the oceans or onto land, where the precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff. A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape, with streamflow moving water towards the oceans. Runoff and groundwater are stored as freshwater in lakes. Not all runoff flows into rivers. Much of it soaks...
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...AAR in Russia and Ukraine. This agreement was subsequently used by AAR to stop the BP-Rosneft deal in international courts. Unfortunately, this was not the first time that BP had been unable to change the way it conducted its business in Russia. The first example occurred in 2007-8 when BP was reported to be keen on having Gazprom as a partner instead of AAR. This move would have transformed the TNK-BP joint venture into Gazprom-BP. This did not transpire. Second, in the spring-summer 2008, there was a turbulent ‘misunderstanding’ between BP and AAR, over the corporate governance and future strategy of their joint venture. This led to the removal of Robert Dudley from the helm 1 Shamil Yenikeyeff is a Research Fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies and a Senior Associate Member at the Russian and Eurasian Studies Centre, St Antony’s College, University of Oxford. Dr Yenikeyeff is the author of...
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