...people face in the different aspects of their daily lives could only be attained if proper attitude was present. How to approach or avoid the problems, challenges and circumstances they faced every day predicted the result. The same idea was shared by Hilary Hinton Ziglar (2011) which stated that it is not what happens to you that determines how far you will go in life; it is how you handle what happens to you. Even if a lot of challenges were given to men, this does not define one’s final outcome. It was one’s attitude towards the challenge that predicted and established their future. However, not all people nowadays knew how to face properly each circumstance offered by life and thus ended in catastrophic situations. This same problem is faced by students of the present generation especially in their academics wherein reading is mostly valuable. This study was concerned with the decline of the students engaging in reading. How did they acquired knowledge and information? What were their approaches in acquiring knowledge? Did they really understand what they had recently gathered? Reading is not only confined in the four walls of classrooms but more importantly used in different jobs and professions. Reading, together with writing was a useful tool in communication from the time of the ancient Egyptians and Chinese. In the age of the Internet and information technologies, reading retains its importance as an essential skill for learners of any language (Gokhan, 2012)...
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...have established that reading should be fun and most students only read because their teachers make them. The reading attitude survey I conducted proved that. I chose my 9-year-old daughter Lynnleigh who is in the fourth grade to take the survey. I started the assignment by reading the article “Measuring Attitude Toward Reading: A New Tool for Teachers” and then I sat down with her and asked her to take the survey. She gladly accepted and began to read the questions and circle the pictures. The first circle was the semi-grumpy Garfield and the second and third circles were the very grumpy Garfield. I have to admit I was surprised by her answers because she is a very bright girl, as I watched her continue to circle the grumpy Garfield pictures I began to get concerned. Lynnleigh answered question numbers six, nine, and ten by circling the happy Garfield. On question numbers, two, three, five, and seven Lynnleigh circled the very grumpy Garfield pictures. These questions were all about how she feels about reading during non-school hours. This showed me that she does not like to read outside of school. Lynnleigh answered question number 15 in the survey "How do you feel about learning from a book?" and number 19...
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... 2. Who else influenced Paul’s decisions? 3. How did Paul’s definition of family expand to include the community later on in the film? 4. How and why does Paul’s attitude change over the course of the movie? 5. How would you characterize his level of personal responsibility and investment as events unfolded? 6. How would you describe Paul’s level of empowerment throughout the movie? Explain. Homework for next class: On a separate piece of paper write a paragraph where you explain how the colonization of Rwanda by the Belgians connects to the massacre and the conditions of the people today. You may use details from the movie, the timeline, and outside research to compose your answer. I expect that you use three examples to support your ideas. _____/15 NAME: ______________________________ Hotel Rwanda Movie Assignment Answer these questions on a separate piece of paper while watching the movie. First, take notes while watching the movie; then, rewrite your notes into complete sentences that answer these questions: 1. What role did Tatiana Rusesabagina play in shaping Paul’s actions? 2. Who else influenced Paul’s decisions? 3. How did Paul’s definition of family expand to include the community later on in the film? 4. How and why does Paul’s attitude change over the course of the movie? 5. How would you characterize his level of personal responsibility and investment as events unfolded? 6. How would you describe...
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...Implicit Association Test Gina Pylka ETH/125 October 27, 2013 Constance Dolecki Implicit Association Test I found taking a couple of the tests on the IAT homepage interesting. The test I took said I had an automatic preference for young compared to old. I found the results something to think about. I would of said I had no known preference. In examining our own prejudices I think we automatically respond in terms of race and ethnic backgrounds. There are so many other areas in life where our prejudices surface. My understanding of prejudice is a negative attitude towards an entire group of people. By this simple explanation after taking this test it becomes clear to me that without even realizing it there is a prejudice because I prefer one group to another. This being the case for most of us I will assume for right now. I would have to say that prejudice would be difficult to measure. Some prejudice is very clear and directly out in the open. Some examples would be in how we respond to other’s because of the where they live or how they dress. Jumping to conclusions about someone without getting to know them is such a loss for everybody involved I personally feel. What has come clear to me in this weeks assignments is that no matter how hard we try I think we are always prejudice against others. The lines aren’t always clear when it comes to how we approach or avoid people as we go about own individual lives. Boundaries can shift as things happen to us or around us...
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...Attitude Theories Your attitude is your positive or negative evaluation about an object. There is more than one theory about how a person’s attitude is formed through cognitive, behavioral, and affective processes. This paper will outline two theories of how a person’s attitude is formed. Self Perception Theory Fazio stated that self perception theory argued that attitudes stem from the observation of one’s behavior. (Fazio, 1987, p. 129) A person’s attitude toward something is formed after that person observes their behavior toward an object. An example is you listen to rock music, therefore you must like it, and you would form a positive attitude towards rock music based on your behavior of listening to it. An individual decides their attitude, and emotional feeling toward an object based on the observation of their own behavior and the circumstances that caused the behavior. Self-perception theory also suggests that when the internal cues are weak or uninterpretable, the individual is in the same position as the outside observer who must rely on external cues to infer the individual’s inner state. (Bem, 1972) What I believe to be a negative aspect of this attitude theory is I don’t believe an attitude toward an object is based solely on one’s behavior. An example would be as a child my mother told me to eat spinach and even though I ate the spinach, didn’t mean I liked it because I ate it. I ate it so I wouldn’t get in trouble but my attitude towards spinach was that I...
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...Name Writing Assignment #1 Date I have purchased a product within the last week and half using many of the marketing examples we recently learned about in Chapters 1-4. I have an app on my phone called Wanelo, and it allows you to browse through different items posted on a very simple screen. They have a good website because it saves everything that I have liked, looked at, and even pulls new items in based on what I recently have viewed. One day I was just browsing on this app using my technology, and came across a dress I liked, so I clicked on it and it took me to the website. I went to all the dress selection, and found a dress I just needed to have. I then realized a marketing transaction was going to occur because there was me and the owner, my desire of wanting the dress, communication through email or phone, and my money in exchange for the dress. With this product, I was part of the target market and when I was purchasing it I had to consider the Four P’s: product, price, promotion, and place. The product was my dress, the price was reasonable, the promotion was the convenience of “one click” buy, and the place was the newly installed app right at my fingertips. In the buying process, there were most of the environmental forces in play. I think the social force, played the biggest role as the site was aimed towards everyone but then did a special draw for the generation Y people. There was also the economic forces with knowing my income to whether I...
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...Relationship between Attitudes and Behavior Attitude is holding a particular object in some degree of favor or disfavor. The attitude object can be a person, an event, an action or a thing. Previously it was believed that the inner dispositions are what controlled the actions of man. This is to say that man is rational with all behavior being deliberate. However, evidence has shown that this is not always the case and though attitude does influence behavior to an extent, it is not the only factor that influences behavior. Moreover, in some cases behavior can cause attitude change. Theory of planned behavior This theory aimed at predicting deliberate and premeditated behavior. The theory was an add on to the previously formulated theory of reasoned Action when research proved that human action is not entirely voluntary or controlled by rational reason. According to this theory the greatest determinant that leads to behavior is intention (a person’s willingness and readiness to perform a certain action).This intention is determined by attitude towards the behavior, subjective norms and an individual’s perception on their ability to control behavior (Ajzen 2005). Cognitive Dissonance theory According to this theory people have a tendency of seeking a consistency in their inner dispositions (both attitudes and beliefs). Further there is also a need for personal behavior to be in tune with attitudes and beliefs held. If there is a disconnect between behavior and attitudes, then it is...
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...SUGENTHEERAN KOMANNAYAR (28380) GAYTHRI KUPUSAMY (26347) SELF PERCEPTION THEORY Self-perception theory is an account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behaviour and concluding what attitudes must have caused them. The theory is counterintuitive in nature, as the conventional wisdom is that attitudes come prior to behaviours. Furthermore, the theory suggests that a person induces attitudes without accessing internal cognition and mood states. The person reasons their own obvious behaviours rationally in the same way they attempt to explain others’ behaviours. The self perception theories is categories into three parts which is, Foot-In-The-Door technique There is both foot-in-the-door phenomenon and foot-in-the-door technique. As you can guess, the technique is used to get the phenomenon. The phenomenon is the tendency for people to comply with some large request after first agreeing to a small request. As you can then imagine, the technique is used to get compliance from others (to get them to behave in a way you want) in which a small request is made first in order to get compliance for a larger request. For example, someone might want you to give to give 5 hours of your time a week for the three months as a volunteer to a charity (a big request). But to get you to agree to this big request, they first ask you to volunteer for 1 hour one time and one time only. After hearing...
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...Chapter 7 1. An attitude is a lasting, general evaluation of people (including oneself), objects, advertisements, or issues. 2. The functional theory of attitudes was initially developed to explain how attitudes facilitate social behavior. 3. The knowledge function of attitudes applies when a person is in an ambiguous situation and needs order, structure, or meaning. 4. Which of the following attitude functions is associated with a focus on particular social identities and lifestyles (e.g., “What sort of man reads Playboy)? Value-expressive 5. What do the “A, B, Cs” of the ABC model of attitudes stand for? Affect, behavior, and cognition 6. According to the basic of ABC model of attitudes, _____ refers to the beliefs a consumer has about an attitude object. Cognition 7. What is the first step in the standard learning theory hierarchy approach? Cognition 8. The _____ hierarchy assumes the consumer does not initially have a strong preference from one brand over another. Instead, he acts on the basis of limited knowledge and then forms an evaluation only after the products has been purchased or used. Low-involvement 9. According to the _______ hierarchy, the consumer considers purchases based on an attitude of hedonic consumption (such as how the product makes him or her feel or the fun its use will provide). Experiential 10. Researchers agree that there are various levels of commitment to an attitude. The highest level of involvement...
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...used: dyslexia children and teaching and parent (b) No. of returns from PsycINFO: 20 (c) Full reference to the article: McPhillips, T., & Shevlin, M. (2009). Evaluating the teaching and learning experience for the child with dyslexia in special and mainstream settings in Ireland. Support for Learning, 24(2), 63-72. (d) Summary of the study Objectives: Examined and evaluated special provision for pupils with dyslexia in three settings (reading schools, reading units and mainstream support) in Ireland. Methods: There are three groups of participants, including students with dyslexia in three settings in Ireland, 72 teachers supporting those students and 63 parents of those students. The study incorporated a survey approach (including questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews and classroom observations) and a case-study approach (two cases for each model of those children from six schools were selected). Results and conclusion: Similar practices teachers are used for dyslexic children in different settings. Placement in a reading school or unit does not guarantee a child will catch up with peers. Effective literacy intervention approaches and underlying rationale should be established and understood for dyslexic children in order to match the child’s stage of development and individual strengths, and provide careful and intensive support to offer an opportunity to experience an appropriate adaptation of learning. (e) Application of the findings Adam’s case obviously...
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...Discovering through Literacy Literacy has continued to expand my worldview, while allowing me to both express myself and understand my introverted brother more. I found literacy to be the key to an enriched life, full of learning new perspectives that previously I was unaware of. I feel as if reading and writing marked a turning point in my life as I developed the skills to understand myself and others in greater depths. From listening to stories from my parents, to being inspired to express my thoughts through a journal, and my brother being greatly involved with reading, people have continued to encourage my development in reading and writing. When I was younger, my mom read the book The Windigos Return to my brother and I. This book had...
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...Extensive Reading: Why? and How? Timothy Bell timothy [at] hsc.kuniv.edu.kw Kuwait University ------------------------------------------------- Abstract An extensive reading program was established for elementary level language learners at the British Council Language Center in Sanaa, Yemen. Research evidence for the use of such programs in EFL/ESL contexts is presented, emphasizing the benefits of this type of input for students' English language learning and skills development. Practical advice is then offered to teachers worldwide on ways to encourage learners to engage in a focused and motivating reading program with the potential to lead students along a path to independence and resourcefulness in their reading and language learning. ------------------------------------------------- Introduction: The Reading Program An extensive reading program was established at the British Council Language Center in Sanaa, Yemen. An elementary level class of government employees (age range 17-42) was exposed to a regime of graded readers, which was integrated into normal classroom teaching. Students followed a class reader, had access to a class library of graded readers, and had classes in the British Council library, which gave them access to a collection of 2000 titles. Questionnaires were used to examine students' reading interests, habits and attitudes, both prior to, and following the program. The class library contained 141 titles in the published readers of some major publishers...
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...the child's attitude to education throughout life and its capacity to learn. Children start to learn early in life and though it may not be realized that even during the first few months of life the child begins experimenting with language. The attitudes towards literacy develop during this period and all important concepts of literacy expand during these years through the care of the adults and various forms of print that they chance to meet. This important form of literacy is composed of several key components according to the experts on literacy and this first of these is phonetic awareness. This is an understanding that speech contains many units like spoken words, syllables and sounds. The children gradually become familiar with names of letters, their shapes and sounds. Over a period of time they also develop the capacity to take every spoken word apart in terms of sound and also combine sounds to form words. (Promoting Literacy Activities in Early Childhood Settings) The children have to hear and say the parts of the word and then only they can learn to read it. They have to understand the importance of each sound in a word, as this is the only way they will learn to say the word properly and not develop too much of an accent or slang which will hurt the ability of individuals to understand it. For this purpose the children have to be provided with practice in matching sounds and letters. Even after they learn to say the words, they have to practice reading those words...
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...Chapter 7 – Attitudes The Power of Attitudes Attitude: A lasting, general evaluation of people, (including oneself), objects, or issues. • Is lasting because it tends to endure over time • It is general because it applies to more than a momentary event • Can be very product-specific behaviours (Crest toothpaste rather than Colgate) • Can be toward more general consumption-related behaviours (how often they should brush their teeth) Attitude Object (A0): Anything toward which a person has an attitude, whether it is tangible or intangible. The Functions of Attitudes Functional Theory of Attitudes: Attitudes exist because they serve some function for the person; that is, they are determined by a person’s motives. • Developed by psychologist Danial Katz Attitude Functions 1. Utilitarian Function a. Related to the basic principles of reward and punishment b. Develop attitudes based on whether these products provide pleasure or pain c. Ads that stress straightforward product benefits appeal to the utilitarian function 2. Value-expressive Function a. Express the consumer’s central values or self-concept b. Product attitude not because of its objective benefits c. Of what the product says about him/her as a person d. Highly relevant to lifestyle analyses, where consumers cultivate a cluster of activities, interest and opinions to express a particular social identity 3. Ego-defensive Function a. Formed to protect the person, either from external threats...
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...patterns, they constantly, daily, express our character and produce our effectiveness of ineffectiveness. Gagne (1977) defines attitude as an internal state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual. Cronback (1963) identifies attitudes as meanings one associates with certain objects which influence his acceptance of that object. Attitudinal meanings are largely personal and there is no standard of right or wrong. Attitudes are generally considered to have an affective component, cognitive aspects and behavioral consequences. Some investigators consider attitudes to have their origin in discrepancies of beliefs and ideas. Others presume that attitudes arise from emotional states. The internal states that influence these actions may well posses both intellectual and emotional aspects. However, Gagne (1977) further states that the point of reference for describing attitudes as learned dispositions is provided by the outcomes in human performance. One of the most dependable learning dispositions is human modeling which requires pre-existing or previously learned aspect for a real or imagined person. The child observes what others do, that seem to produce reward or punishment. The identifying figure is generally a person regarded as successful, supportive and consistently within the learner’s self-concept. When this method of attitude change is employed, the...
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