...entered the office at a time when the nation was in turmoil and dealt with economic issues. Both presidents brought courage, civility, and morals, which are necessary characteristics especially when one is a president. President Roosevelt came into office promising to help America recover from the Great Depression, and President Reagan, who won by a landslide margin of came into office at the age of sixty-nine during a period of economic hardships combined with the fear of the Soviet Union taking over our nation. Both men presented innovative plans for ending the crises and stabilizing the country as soon as possible, as well as boosting the confidence of many Americans. Roosevelt proposed the New Deal, in response to the 1929 Wall Street Crash, and 1930's great depression. The New Deal was a series of social and economic programs that helped people in numerous ways and boosted the economy. These programs consisted of Civil Works Administration (CWA), Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA), and the Social Security Act (SSA). They provided public works jobs, distributed millions of dollars to unemployed workers, and...
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...turned those carefree years into ones of turmoil and despair. The decade after the first world war ever saw tremendous change. Progressivism was a leading factor of World War 1 and in the 1920’s the evidence can be seen. Industries were making their products at an increasing rate. Products that were not popular before World War I were now used by millions of Americans. Cars were only used by about 9 million Americans and by the end of the roaring 20’s that number had reached over thirty million. Also many new inventions were created making life for Americans much easier. Radios, vacuum cleaners, irons, washing machines, and refrigerators were the new electronics that everyone had to have. Refrigerators allowed for better production and transportation of food products. This allowed you to keep food cold and fresh making exporting food a valuable part of the economy. These new inventions were making home life easier for men and women. Not only were American families buying these new items but they also started purchasing stock in companies at an increased rate. Buying stocks was available before the war but was not really done. Soon seven million Americans were buying and owning company stock. With the purchases of cars, washing machines, and stockks families were not making enough to keep up. Even though the wage had increased, people were spending their money on luxury items leaving none foe necessities. This demand for the goods but not enough money created a method used by manufacturers...
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...images of pain, suffering, and severe poverty. So by the time the presidential election of 1932 rolled around, America wanted a new president. So Along came Democratic Franklin Delano Roosevelt who beat out than Republican President Herbert Hoover by over seven million votes. FDR came up with what is known as the three pronged plan. It entailed correcting the financial crisis and providing short term emergency relief for the unemployed, industrial recovery by federal support and paying farmers to reduce crop and herd sizes which raised prices. He also came up with the New Deal policy. The New Deal totally rewrote the nation’s labor laws, reshaped government and the general populace interactions and also put millions back to work. This New Deal was successful in short term relief but vastly differed in how it affected the rural and urban communities both good and bad. Roosevelt declared that the New Deal would bring relief, recovery, and reform. While it did help the economy a little it was not the grand save FDR imagined it to be. People living in urban areas benefited the most from the deal because many of the new jobs were in the city. Musicians, artists, dancers, and performers all benefited from the new theater project. The Public Works Administration put thousands back to work by repairing roads and doing heavy construction and this new administration is still being used today. The Works Progress Administration put semi-skilled and unskilled people to work building...
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...the US Constitution during the reconstruction period that prohibited states from denying men the right to vote on the grounds of race or color. This amendment allowed black men to vote in the United States. * Henry Ford * Inventor of the Model-T car during the industrial revolution. Changed American culture * Scientific Management * Also known as Taylorism, a new method of assembly line production, making factories more efficient during the American Industrial Revolution, designed by Frederick Taylor. The first person to use this method was Henry Ford for the Model-T car. * Thomas Edison * The inventor of the light bulb. This changed the life of many Americans, as it eventually led to the rise of nightlife, since there was a new way to keep things lit in the dark. * Luna Park (Coney Island) * One of the first amusement parks in America. Amusement parks created a new form of leisure for Americans because it integrated all leisure forms to “mass produce” fun for Americans. * Montgomery Wards * The first mail order catalog, which created a new way of shopping for...
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...that time was a laissez-faire approach, less government intervention. This was shown in Lochner v. New York 1905. The court said New York couldn't regulate working hours of bakers, it was unconstitutional. This laissez-faire approach continued in 1935, Schecter Poultry Corporation v. United States. Another case that showed the courts didn't want government intervention in the economy. The court claimed it was unconstitutional to take a action against the Brooklyn businesses that were selling diseased chickens. This free market stance of the courts came to an end during the tenure of the President T.Roosevelt. He wanted to introduce his programme the New Deal, that was essentially a programme of economic reform after the financial crisis in 1929. This included a tax on agricultural output, however the courts opposed this. This is shown in United States v. Butler 1936. Roosevelt responded in 1937 with a plan to enlarge the court, 'court packing'. This plan would have given him a majority in the court so he could pass his reforms easily. However the court didn't want this and reconsidered his legislation. They approved the 1935 National Labor Relations Act and Washington states minimum wage legislation. As time has gone on, the power the courts has on the governments level of intervention has decreased. Since Roosevelt essentially forced the Supreme Court to approve his New Deal programme. Before the era of Roosevelt there was a conservative, strict approach to the governments...
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...American History is an extremely complex and absorbing topic to study. There are copious events, situations, and even people that contributed to shape the contemporary United States. Comprehending major episodes and accomplishments from the past will lead us to understand people’s idiosyncrasies, laws, lifestyles, economic situations and politics in the present world. The Industrialization Era (1885-1900) and the New Deal (1932) are two topics absolutely relevant to appreciate the United States and its people. The following paragraphs will persuade the readers to agree how the Industrialization and the New Deal played essential roles in American’s lives. Before 1885, product manufacturing was all done by hand. The Industrialization brought rapid and unexpected changes to the US production economy. John D. Rockefeller who owned a railroad monopoly, Andrew Carnegie made a fortune with a steel monopoly, and Thomas Edison, one of the world’s greatest inventors and patents owners, were significant entrepreneurs that contributed with the advancement and improvement of the nation’s economy. These businessmen also pushed the rural nation to evolve into a modern-urban industrial state. During the Industrialization, various fields were revolutionized such as communication systems and the invention of the steam engines. ‘The telegraph and later radio brought them closer to each other and the rest of the world[1].” Transportation systems were expanded, allowing people to find jobs at factories...
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...Georgia Gardner Strayer University Professor Irina V. Nowak CONTEMPORARY US HISTORY “PROGRESSIVE ERA THROUGH THE GREAT DEPRESSION” August 3, 2013 Introduction: The Great Depression was an era in the American history that so many people would wish to forget. The 1920s saw the country going through various phases of poverty resulting from the crash of the stock market, job losses, collapsing of businesses in all industries in the country. The Great Depression was like no other crisis the country faced, it was never ending and there was suffering everywhere especially among the poor. There were three major factors that contributed significantly to the Great Depression with the most important being the ‘crash’ of the stock market, this is due to the fact that the strength of the United States of America was measured in many ways by the success of the stock market and with the stock market thriving as it was there was noticeable growth in various business entities. With the growth of the stock market, the rich investors also prospered as they could afford to purchase various stocks, at the same time the Federal Government reduced taxes especially for them. Not long after, came the ‘crash’ of stock market which sent Wall Street into a state of panic and literally crippled many big investors, and this ricochet to other industries such as Agriculture, which was already on the decline, the automobile and the construction industry also suffered as...
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...Amy Hall History Spurgeon 31 March 2006 President Roosevelt and the New Deal The Great Depression was one of the greatest collapses in American social and cultural life. The complacency of the flourishing “Roaring Twenties” led to the Stock Market Crash, and the American Dream was rudely shattered. Those who had previously prided themselves on the ability to provide security for their families were now faced with the harsh reality of poverty. As faith in capitalism soon evaporated, Americans began to look to the government for salvation. Hoover was blamed for his lack of intervention after the collapse of the economy, but just when things were looking their worst, things changed. A new man was elected President. His name was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and he is recognized as the President who saved the country from ultimate atrophy. True, it was World War I that really ended the Depression, but had it not been for Roosevelt and the adoption of the New Deal, the economic slump of the depression may never have ended. Roosevelt entered office with no plan to deal with the depression. He was willing to try anything and the New Deal became the likely path. It was very experimental and very risky. President Roosevelt promised immediate action to end the Depression, and he kept his promises. The day after his inauguration, he called a special session for Congress. It was here that he declared a national Bank Holiday, where all banks in the U.S. were forced to shut...
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...intervention into new areas of social and economic affairs and the creation of more social assistance agencies at the national level. Through the new regulations, the creation of consumer confidence, and development of personal relationships, the social wellbeing of American citizens improved during the Great Depression. The relationship between the national government and the people changed drastically, especially with Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal programs. The Great Depression led to formations of newly made regulations to uphold the businesses and the agricultural industry. The Black Tuesday picture shows that due to Black Tuesday, the stock exchange commission was formed which protected stocks (Doc K). Along with Black Tuesday, the Dust Bowl was also a motivation for new farming regulations as seen in the Dust Bowl picture and map (Doc P, Doc S). As part of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal program, Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) began to eliminate price depressing surpluses by paying growers to reduce their crop acreage. Though the smaller crop amounts did help lower the price of foods, paying farmers not to farm actually leaded to unemployment. The Civilian Conservation Corporation Propaganda advertised the work relief program for unemployed and unmarried men from the ages of 18-25 (Doc B). The CCC along with the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), helped those in need while the FERA was the first step in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal to pull out...
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... When the GDP rises, then there is growth in the economy. If the GDP is falling, then there is a slump in the economy. If the GDP falls to the point of creating hardships for businesses then the economy is considered to be in a recession. If the GDP rises close to the maximum point, then the economy is considered to be booming. There are four major government bodies that determine national fiscal policies. They are the department of treasury, government accountability office, office of management and budget, and the office of the president of the United States. The treasury department handles, creates, and applies the fiscal policy. The government accountability office is in charge of audits. The office of management and budget deals with the improvement and study of fiscal policy and the office of the United States president is the decision maker. Fiscal policies effect both an economies production and employment. When taxes are low, consumers are more apt to purchase goods. This increase in consumption stimulates the economy, thus providing more employment opportunities. This is a positive impact, because not only is employment increased, so is production. When taxes are high, the opposite situation occurs in that...
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...originated in United States, the Great Depression spread across the world and engulfed other countries as well. It is termed as the gravest and longest crisis that affected the western industrialized world. It also had some impact on the other countries such as Japan, Brazil and Argentina. It is said that US economy was already in upheavals, six months before the stock market crashed on 29 0ctober, 1929. With the crash of New York stock exchange market, the consumer demand of durable goods and investment fell significantly. The crash of Stock Exchange led to the bankruptcy of many banks. Depositors emptied their bank accounts in panic and this led to the insolvency of many banks across United States. Another factor which coincided with the depression was the drought which occurred in Mississippi valley in 1930 and it worsened the situation for the farmers who were already suffering from the depression. To recover from great depression, newly elected US president Franklin D. Roosevelt established a program in 1932 which became known as the New Deal. The New Deal included number of policies which aimed at improving the deteriorating conditions of the people. For example, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) hired the jobless people to work on government building projects, and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) paid farmers generously. The Great Depression was a period of human suffering. Not only the United States but the other countries were also targeted by it...
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...democrat. He based his educational career to help him enter the world of politics. He attended the Groton School and Harvard University before attending Columbia Law School. In 1905, Franklin married his cousin Eleanor Roosevelt. Eleanor Roosevelt was the niece of Theodore Roosevelt. After that, Franklin Roosevelt climbed the political ladder. “In 1910 Roosevelt was elected to the New York Senate” (www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.). From there he was appointed the assistant secretary of the Navy and then the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1920. “In the summer of 1921, Roosevelt became seriously ill. He was eventually diagnosed as suffering from poliomyelitis (polio). He was almost totally paralyzed and he was never again to recover full use of his legs” (www.spartacus.schoolnet.co). While he was out because of his illness, FDR underwent a spiritual transformation. He was more warmhearted and seemed to fully understand the suffering that the American people were going through. He then knew it was up to him to change the way America operated. He returned to politics. He was elected the Governor of New York in 1928. While he...
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...All of his accomplishments were honored because of his role in the war and history. Because of this, Churchill was elected prime minister again in october 1951 once again for his great leadership. But, Churchill did suffer from health issues and could not deal with being a prime minister and doing all the work. Churchill resigned from politics in 1955 due to his illness. The article stated he won “Nobel prize for Literature and order of the Garter” (“Winston Churchill Prime Minister of United Kingdom”). From being ill and unhealthyhealthy, Churchill died on January 24 in 1965 at the age of 90. Britain and most of the world mourned for more than a week and remembered his legacy. Churchill was buried one mile away from where he was born, in Oxfordshire, his hometown. Few others can match what he has ever achieved. His legacy still remains in history, his role in the War , and his time as prime minister and all the amazing things he did for his country. Winston Churchill, one of the greatest prime...
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...The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression during the late 1920s and early 1930s. The economic downturn of the United States started in 1927 when Americans had spent more money then actual income. The overall spending of money had declined throughout the economy and a lot of workers had been laid off. Other factors that led the United States into the Great Depression include the rapid rise of stocks in the stock market and unequal differences in personal income. It can be considered that President Hoover led the United States into the Great Depression and President Roosevelt led the nation out of the Great Depression. Both Presidents had different views on how to fix the economy. President Hoover was elected the president in 1928 and he had a plan to fix the economy. Hoover believed in a laissez-faire government, which is a limited government control on the economy. Hoover believed that the private sector or the individual businesses of the nation would help save the economy. He believed the private sectors should have little or no government help to save their businesses. This is why Hoover did little to nothing to help businesses grow. Hoovers response to the economic depression was the Revenue Act of 1932. This act increased taxes throughout the nation to balance the federal budget. This act was not successful because it actually decreased personal consumption and investments. Hoover also refused to consider direct federal relief for unemployed Americans...
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...Progressive Era through the Great Depression For this assignment I will discuss the major turning points in American history between the Progressive Era and the Great Depression. Analyze how some historical events shape America’s current society, economy, politics, and culture. Describe ways that women and minorities have responded to challenges and made contributions to American culture. Recognize and discuss the ways that formal policies of government have influenced the direction of historical and social development in the United States. Analyze the rise of the United States to a world “super-power” and how that status has shaped its internal developments in recent decades. Identify how changes in social and economic conditions and technology can cause corresponding changes in the attitudes of the people and policies of the government. Identify at least (2) two major historical turning points in the period under discussion. The first major historical turning point was the changing roles of women. Women won the right to vote with the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, one of the final great reforms of the Progressive era. A group of congressmen proposed an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution in 1923. It states: “Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction” (Schultz, 2012 p.379). The amendment’s objective was to eliminate all legal distinctions between the sexes, such as those who permitted different...
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