...confessions. However it is of vital importance that the entire interrogation should be videotaped and not only parts of it. Both the interrogator and the suspect should be visible and the video should have a time and date stamp. (Geller, 1994) The Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) in England prohibits agents from lying to suspects about the existence of incriminating evidence. Besides that it also prohibits the use of torture, threats of physical harm and any other forms of cruel inhuman and degrading treatments. In cases where a juvenile or mentally Ill is being interrogated a proper independent adult or someone that is responsible must be present. All interrogations must be audiotaped and be available to lawyers, judges, juried and experts. These procedures reduce police coercion, protect suspects from abusive interrogations and protect police from false accusations of misconduct during interrogations. (Mark Costanzo and Alisson...
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...CSI Episode Analysis Draft “Take the Money and Run” Tiffany Silverio CCJS101 Prof. Dobres CSI Episode Analysis Draft The CSI Episode being is discussed is“Take the Monday and Run”. It was about a murder and robbery that took place in a casino during a poker game, that had more than thousands of dollars in chips on the table for play. (“Take The Money And Run”) A synopsis of the episode involved a casino being robbed after a major win when the lights went out. The suspected robber was seen fleeing the scene on his motorcycle and was shot by officers and unexpectedly died. When the CSI Investigators arrived to identify the person they realized there was no blood present and the other investigator asks where the money is, it was determined that it was fake money and fake chips. A doctor determined that the presumed robber, who was shot by officers, died of an allergic reaction to some type of chemical that was injected into his body. When investigators watched the security tapes it shows there was another suspect dressed the same type of clothing as the guy on the motorcycle. The CSI team determined that the guy on the motorcycle was a fake and the person they are really looking for is still on the loose based on the evidence noted.“The medical examiner stated that the guy on the motorcycles’ “face was extremely swollen and the money they found was on him was counterfeit.”(Zuiker, A.) While an autopsy was being done on the motorcycle victim, the examiner seems to think...
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...(Myers 2014) Recognition is asking you to pick from a group that is given compared to recall which is asking you to just remember with no clues. The examples for recognition include being able to answer a question on a multiple choice test. As with any human given process, there is always going to be human error involved it is unavoidable. The first problem human identification of a person is the encoding error. This is an error when you are not using your full potential to process the information or the action, therefore, it does not make it into your long term memory. (Myers 2014) This is not a surprising error to see among people trying to identify a suspect in their robbery or any other case. The person being attacks is not worried about what the person looks like or their facial features they are worried about their safety and their family safety. That showing that the encoding error would be performed when they are not consciously processing what the person looks...
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...investigators can be to determine whether a crime has been committed, legally obtain information and evidence to identify the responsible person, arrest the suspect, recover stolen property and resent the best possible case to the prosecutor. While all these investigations take place many different special operation units and federal agencies intervene in the cases. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is a unit that handles financial crime, violent crime, organized crime, public corruption, violations of individual civil rights, and drug-related crimes. They are a unit that has been around for a long time and has helped solve many cases. “The Federal Bureau of Investigation was founded in 1908 when the Attorney General appointed an anonymous force of 34 Special Agents to be investigators for the Department of Justice. Before that, the DOJ had to borrow agents from the U.S. Secret Service. In 1909, the Special Agent Force was renamed the Bureau of Investigation, and after countless name changes, it became The Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935. When the FBI was established, there were not an abundance of federal crimes, so it investigated criminal acts that dealt with national banking, bankruptcy, naturalization, antitrust, peonage, and land fraud. In June of 1910, the FBI grew larger because the "Mann Act" (Made it a crime to transport women to other states for immoral reasons). The FBI could now prosecute people whom tried to flee over states lines. Due to its continued worth and...
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... he was accused of stealing thousands of dollars from a secure police locker. Many people are related on the islands so along side Chin is his cousin Kono Kalakaua, who is fresh out of the police academy and happy to establish herself with this new elite department. This television series is about the criminal procedure that the Five-0 task force use to complete their investigations, and stop crime on the island. Peter Lenkov, Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci are executive producers for CBS Television Studios. Episode Synopsis Since this task force has full immunity on the island’s from the governor they have shown that they can do within reason whatever they deem necessary to get the criminals. In a specific episode, which is from season one, episode ten called “Heihei (Race)” is about a group of athletes who have been conducting robberies in different states during the Triathlons. To start...
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...shot Brown in self-defense. On March 4th, 2015 the federal investigation also cleared Wilson of civil rights violations in the shooting (3). How can a police officer call a civil right violation in that case, pretending to be afraid of a retaliation? According to the book “Criminal Justice in America” by George F. Cole, Christopher E. Smith and Christina DeJong (4),” a civil right refers to cases in which some group, usually defined along racial or ethnics line is denied access to facilities, opportunities or services that are valuable to others group.” We can emphasize the ideal of having a better hiring procedures and training for personnel that deal with the laws such as the police, prosecutors and judge with an honestly critics that identify the flaws in the...
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...2424A STATUTORY INTERPRETATION: THE MEANING OF MEANING RMIT University, Melbourne School of Accounting and Law, Symposium on Statutory Interpretation Chapter House, St. Paul‟s Cathedral 13 August 2009. The Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG RMIT UNIVERSITY, MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTING AND LAW SYMPOSIUM ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION CHAPTER HOUSE, ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL 13 AUGUST 2009 STATUTORY INTERPRETATION: THE MEANING OF MEANING The Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG THE MAIN TASK OF MODERN LAWYERS Although we still describe ours as a common law system (to distinguish it from the countries of the civil law tradition), the label is now looking somewhat dubious. The distinctive feature of contemporary Australian law derives from the overwhelming importance of the laws made by or under parliament. I refer to statutes, regulations, by-laws, executive instruments, rules of court and all the other ways in which the written law now manifests itself. In my youth, the statutory law of the State of New South Wales was collected in twelve manageable volumes, supplemented by a threevolume index1. These books included many important statutes commencing in the colonial period, some of which, like the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), still apply today. Past Justice of the High Court of Australia (1996-2009). President of the Institute of Arbitrators & Mediators Australia 1 R.J. McKay (ed.), The Public Acts of New South Wales 1924-1957, Vols.1-15, Law Book Co. Sydney 1958. 1 The volumes...
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...defined differently by different scholars. In this essay, burglary will be discussed in its details by looking its historical background, its patterns and trends, characteristics of offender, victim and offence. Indeed, there will be analysis of its constitutive elements, reaction and response of the society to it, policing strategies in preventing and investigating burglary as well as challenges in its prosecution. II. Historical perspective II. 1. Background and definitions Historically, an offence to be qualified as burglary required entry into any structure even if the occupant is not therein at that time of entry. Traditionally, to be qualified as burglary, an offence must have occurred at nighttime when natural light was insufficient to identify a face (Hall and Clark, 2002). Finally burglary required the intention of perpetrator to commit a felony when entering the other’s dwelling even if the perpetrator did not commit or attempt to commit crime inside the structure. Today, many states recognize that there is a burglary when there is entry into any construction suitable for occupancy such as residential or commercial houses, car and others, while for the first degree burglary requires entering dwelling. Burglary in its modern appearance requires that the perpetrator enters in other’s structure without the owner’s consent. This is to avoid the prosecution of one who entered in own home for purpose of engaging in criminal act. Etymologically, the word “burglary “ derives from the...
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...Criminology in the Future CJA/314 May 27, 2015 Criminology in the Future Over the last century crime and crime prevention has evolved significantly. Crime is not only in the United States, but worldwide, which means law enforcement agencies and Politicians across the globe will have to work alongside each other to find new and inventive ways to solve and prevent crime, such as cybercrime. Cybercrime is constantly progressing in its severity and danger starting from viruses to identity theft, to corporate crime. As more people find creative new ways to commit crimes, new technology to counter these crimes is gradually being developed. Like a cat and mouse game, criminals are always looking for new ways to commit a crime, and the justice system is continuously looking for ways to stay on top of advanced technologies to protect society. Two new and creative technologies are the Robotic Cameras and the Global Positioning System (GPS) Vehicle Pursuit Dart. The mail role of the Robotic Cameras is to help save the lives of police officers. A Robotic camera is a disposable camera with an electric motor. The camera-equipped robot has special wheels for easy climbing and is used for exploration through wireless control. Officers are often in situations where they cannot directly see what’s in front of them, for instance, a hostage situation or a burned building where it is often dangerous for officers to go inside a building. This situation is ideal for sending...
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...“Citizen Cane” By Fran-Marie Grant English Comp I EN1010 10/28/13 http://www.wsmuseum.com/wshist.html/ The White Settlement area was settled beginning in 1850. The first settlers were farmers from other states such as Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, etc. The area was referred to as White Settlement because it was the only community outside the fort (Fort Worth) that was settled entirely by white people. All of the other communities were mixed Indian and Whites. The area was about 10 miles west of the Fort. Early settlers were harassed by hostile Indians...but soon made friends of them and did considerable trading with those in the area. The land was rich and produced bumper crops of corn, grain, etc. A mill was established and the area did considerable trading, not only with the Indians, but other whites in the vicinity. The community remained more or less the same until 1940, when a bomber plant was built on the shores of Lake Worth in the area. The government built temporary housing for workers and businesses were established. In 1941 the city was incorporated and after the war continued to grow with the General Dynamics plant and other businesses. No farms remain within the city limits today. The community itself is rich in sales taxes and motel taxes and provides great parks, a public library, recreation department, senior services and first class fire and police protection. It is completely surrounded by Fort Worth, but...
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...Introduction: Crimes have been around for centuries, ranging from medieval period to the current. A crime taking place is not because of lack of policing or patrolling, but stem from either this is the life they know to the adrenaline rush of stealing that car without getting caught. Because crimes will continue to be around and cause chaos with our streets and children, the following will discuss why crimes are committed. Deterring crime seems to be the only way that we can teach the youth on what can happen if the criminal life is chosen. The following will also cover the reasons crimes are committed along with what causes an individual to commit the crimes he or she does. Occurrence and Reasons Crimes are Committed: The occurrence of crime can be hard to grasp. To understand the reason crimes are committed, we first have to understand the criminal. Say there is a mother who has a job, but money ran short for the last few days until she gets her paycheck. She has three babies at home and no food. She goes out and steals enough food to last until she gets her check. Yes, it is still stealing and wrong, but she is doing it to keep her babies fed and happy. On the other hand, if there is an individual who goes out nightly just to break into cars and steal the stereos, this is an issue. Yes, the mother stealing food for her babies is wrong but not a daily habit, but as a community, she still needs to be punished to show that no kind of crime will be tolerated. According...
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...the right to privacy is weighed. Finally, this paper will discuss how America’s borders are being protected by the Fourth Amendment, and what exceptions to the rule are necessary to protect America’s security interests. Stop-and-Frisk The definition of a “stop and frisk” is when the police temporarily detain a person and “pat down” their outer clothing if a law enforcement officer believes a suspect is armed and dangerous (Center for Public Education, 2015). For example, if a person is observed walking back and forth in front of jewelry store, meets another person around the corner from the store, and an officer observes one person handing the other person something which they put into their jacket. The officer can stop and frisk that suspect because they will have a reasonable suspicion that the suspects could be armed, and are possibly going to commit a crime. A frisk, by definition, is a type of search that requires an officer to have a lawful reason to stop and search (Center for Public Education, 2015). When an officer is going to frisk a person, it cannot be for any other reason than to look for and protect themselves from a person carrying a dangerous weapon, such as a gun or knife. When discussing searches and seizures, privacy and reasonableness are concerning issues. In...
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...Wrongfully Convicted Community Corrections April 16th, 2014 Early English customs condemned as felonies seven offenses: Mayhem, Homicide, Rape, Larceny, Burglary, Arson, and Robbery. All other offenses were misdemeanors. Criminal Law forces us to confront the most important moral dilemmas of our time. There are many factors to the word innocent. We are taught to believe that what we see or hear is the truth. But what if, what we were told to believe as the truth is a lie. An implication of someone else’s wrong doing. Someone else’s Crime… Men and Women throughout the decade have been wrongfully accused and convicted of a crime that they did not commit. The United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, admits that statistically 8 to 12 percent of all state prisoners are either actually or factually innocent. * Patrick Waller- He lost 16 years of his life. Cleared by DNA evidence and set free July 3rd 2008. * Tim Brian Cole- He lost 25 years of his life. Cole died in prison on December 2nd 1999, during an asthma attack. He was later cleared by DNA evidence. * Kerry Max Cook- He lost 22 years of his life. Two decades on death row, was released due to DNA evidence in 1999. * Earl Washington- He lost 10 years of his life. On death row, later cleared by DNA evidence in 1999. These are just 4 out of 100 people that are wrongfully convicted of a crime. We are set out to believe that the Justice System is fair. What if we are...
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...July 21, 2014 ABSTRACT There are many different reasons why the reliability of eyewitness testimony in the United States judicial system today is all but flawed. There is only one way a witness can identify a suspect who has committed a crime, and it is called face to face recognition. Just getting a glimpse, bad weather, and bad lighting can hinder what a person can truly see. There have been several accounts of individuals that have been convicted, imprisoned, and put to death off of flawed testimonies by an eyewitness. In this I will attempt to show you my discussions of several statistics, convictions, exonerations, and key cases that will test the views of anyone when eyewitness testimonies are concerned. Within the past 30 years crimes were committed, and the people who witness these crimes made the cases have different outcomes. It used to be when a crime was committed, and someone came forward saying, “They have witnessed a crime”. History shows us when it comes to a traumatic experience dealing with crimes; the victims are different and as such react in many different ways. Most individuals panic, some are very calm, while others have no reaction whatsoever. The question has been raised about how reliable an eyewitness testimony truly is. Those who follow crime and courts trials know the stories are familiar and unnerving. Here is one case Cornelius Dupree spent 30 years Texas prison due to a 1979 rape and robbery he did not commit, because of one eyewitness. Cornelius...
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...reported to the British Crime Survey. This has occurred annually since 1983, interviewing approx 47000 adults about their experiences as victims of crimes such as burglary and assault. Problems with official statistics some sociologists, such as Barry Hindess, have argued that official statistics on crime, do have serious deficiencies. There are several reasons for these deficiencies. there are many reasons why the public may not report all crimes to the police: they may not realise they’ve been a victim, embarrassment, they may implicate themselves in a criminal act, etc. Another reason there are also many reasons why the police may not take action against all offences which are known to them. Sociological studies of the police, such as that conducted by Simon Holdaway in the 1980s, demonstrate that the police simply cannot take action against all offences which they identify, and therefore have to prioritize their activities. Gender and Crime – What the statistics say? – The statistics are correct - womens crime rate is lower Reasons why: The statistics are correct - mens crime rate is lower Reasons why: The statistics are incorrect – women commit more crime - they are not caught / treated more leniently Women are committing more crime today Women and victimisation Sex-role theory and gender socialization: gender socialization encourages women to adopt feminine characteristics such as being more emotional, less competitive, less tough and aggressive...
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