...[pic] Chapter 1 – Current Events | |The costs and benefits of recycling The most dramatic events of mid-2009 are, of course, those connected with the global financial crisis and its disastrous effects on output and unemployment throughout the world. These events lie in the realm of macroeconomics and are covered in the ‘current event’ entries for Chapter 10 through to 15. In this entry we look at the economics of recycling which provide an excellent topical illustration of an important economic principle – the relative size of marginal costs and benefits. Several States are considering extending the present range of recycling opportunities for households and the Productivity Commission has recently published a lengthy report on the issue. Here, using the analysis introduced in Chapter 1, we look at two aspects. First whether kerbside recycling is worth the effort, and second at the operation of container deposit legislation. About 90% of Australian households have access to kerbside recycling collections. They can place their waste in one of two bins. One bin is for general waste, the other for recyclables – typically aluminium cans, glass bottles and containers, paper and cardboard. Many of us make use of the separate bins and some take the task very seriously by, for example, rinsing out bottles before placing them in the recycle bin. Once the material in recycling bins has been collected local authorities incur costs in sorting the material and passing it on to firms...
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...extent recycling is an effective method for the disposal of domestic waste? As consumption is a necessary and natural activity for humans, it is an inevitable consequence the generation of garbage. According to National Statistics (2013), each person in England in 2012/13 produce around 423kg of household waste per year. Moreover, people are discussing about the correct disposal of garbage in order to reduce environmental impact from chemical and physical reactions. Recycling appeared as an alternative solution for the traditional methods to dispose rubbish, as mostly people know, this is a process which provide the reuse of waste instead of wait to the natural decomposition. Facing the rise in environmental awareness, it is increasing the amount of recyclable waste. It is indicated by DEFRA (Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, 2007) that in 2020 , 50% of household waste will be recycled compared to 43.2% in England in 2012/13 (National Statistics, 2013). For many reasons, recycle is an efficient way to dispose domestic waste. First of all, it is known that recycling friendly works with the environment. The others methods as incineration and landfill cause more harms. For example, as waste decomposes in landfills methane is generated as product, which it is a famous greenhouse gas and contributes to the global warming. As the BBC Weather Centre (2009) affirms, methane “produces 21 times as much warming as CO2”.In addition, recycling reduce...
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...PREPAREDNESS OF LAWMA IN SORTING OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES - CASE STUDY OF ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT (IYANA IPAJA AND ENVIRONS) LAGOS STATE BY ANWULI JOY NWOSU MATRIC NO: 030802060 In Partial Fulfillment for the Award of Master in Environmental Management (MEM) OCTOBER, 2014 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project on Preparedness of Household waste sorting around Iyana Ipaja and its environs as a case study was done by Joy………… in the department of Chemistry under the supervision of my Project Supervisor. ……………………………………… ……………………………… Prject Supervisor Date ……………………………….. ……………………………………. (HOD, Chemistry Department, Unilag) Date DEDICATION AKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT This study examines the overview and the concepts of household waste sorting – waste prevention, collection, recycling and reuse, followed by household analysis using empirical data. The analysis shows the average mean weight composition of household waste sortingat source ranges from 0.50kg to 0.63kg paper, 2.21kg to 3.29kg putrescibles, 0.85kg to 1.41kg glass, 0.52kg to 0.68 plastic and 0.89kg to 1.20kg cans. The average percentage composition of wastes ranges from 10% paper to 45% putrescibles. From the analysis, there is a low level of household awareness about the preparedness of household waste sorting at source, and hence low level of participation in household waste sorting, disposal and recycling. The study also concludes the need for strengthening the relationship...
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...“Waste includes all items that people no longer have any use for, which they either intend to get rid of or have already discarded” (European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production). Some examples of waste can include household rubbish, waste from manufacturing items, old televisions or any other electronic items etc. Thus, all of our daily activities produce waste in some form or the other. The fact is that the more we grow the more waste we will produce; there is a direct relationship between the increase in standard of living and the amount of waste that is produced to sustain this growth. “Waste is a part of the economy – it is a by-product of all economic activity undertaken by businesses, governments and households (DEFRA report).” The European Union produces around 1.8 billion tonnes of waste each year which amount to about 3.5 tonnes per person (European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production). The United Kingdom on its own produces around 220 million tonnes of waste every year. Managing all of this waste is a monumental task which governments have to undertake. With such vast quantities of waste being produced each year it is extremely important that it be managed in a way that will not harm the health of humans or the environment in which we live in. Waste has a considerable impact on the environment. The environment has the ability to transform waste over time into nutrients that can be used again. However, with the increase in...
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...[pic] How to Recycle as a Liver Out When is my collection? To find out when your rubbish and recycling is collected in your area please visit www.durham.gov.uk and use the ‘My Durham’ section with your house number and postcode. Rubbish and recycling should not be put out earlier than 6.00pm on the evening before collection and no later than 7.00am on the morning of collection and brought back to your property the same day. Across the Durham City area there are a variety of recycling containers. Depending on where you live, you will have access to one of the following: What can I place in my recycling bin or bag? [ Food tins and drink cans: All steel and aluminum food and drink cans; biscuit and sweet tins; aerosol cans including deodorant; furniture polish and hairspray. (Please do not include cutlery, pots and pans or other metal objects). Plastics: All plastic bottles including pop, milk and water bottles; washing up and laundry liquids, shampoo and cooking oil; yogurt, butter, fruit and vegetable containers and carrier bags (Please do not include hard plastic containers, children’s toys, ready meal food trays, bubble wrap or polystyrene). Paper and cardboard: Paper includes newspapers, magazines, junk mail, brochures, envelopes, wrapping paper (no foil based paper) and telephone directories including yellow pages; all types of cardboard including cereal...
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...Running head: THE BENEFITS OF RECYCLING 1 The Benefits of Recycling AIU Online THE BENEFITS OF RECYCLING 2 Introduction Is recycling beneficial? Yes. Recycling is the process that takes used materials and turns them into new products. First of all, this process reduces the amount of waste in the landfills which helps the environment. There is already too much land that has been taken over by these landfills. Secondly, recycling also promotes environmental awareness. It’s important to be aware of what the waste is doing to our environment. Third of all, recycling will also help with the economical aspect by providing job opportunities. This would be a great benefit for people who cannot find jobs. The environmental, political, and economical situations would all benefit from the recycling industry. THE BENEFITS OF RECYCLING 3 Abstract What would happen if we became over run by trash? We probably wouldn’t be living in a healthy environment then. Recycling promotes the reuse of recycled materials to make new products. Most products are made with recyclable materials like plastics, glass, paper, metals, and even rubber can be recycled. All these materials can prevent the landfills...
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...products are commonly used. A recycling programme that provides recycling bins has also been running in schools since 2000 to enhance students' understanding of the importance of conserving resources and separating waste. The increase in the volume of recyclables collected over the years proves the success of the programme in turning students' awareness into action. Overall speaking, Hong Kong has an imminent waste problem. At present, we rely solely on our landfills to dispose of our waste. 40% of our waste are for recycling. We must address the waste problem in a holistic manner. This Policy Framework sets out a comprehensive strategy consisting of a series of tried and proven policy tools and measures to tackle our waste problem head on and achieve the following targets: |Target 1: |To reduce the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Hong Kong by 1% per annum up to the year 2014. | |Target 2: |To increase the overall recovery rate of MSW to 45% by 2009 and 50% by 2014. | |Target 3: |To reduce the total MSW disposed of in landfills to less than 25% by 2014. | Tackling the Problem at Source Waste avoidance and minimization are our top priorities. We introduced a territory-wide waste recovery programme in January 2005 to facilitate waste separation at the household level. We aim to expand the...
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...BENEFITS OF RECYCLING 1 The Benefits of Recycling AIU Online THE BENEFITS OF RECYCLING 2 Introduction Is recycling beneficial? Yes. Here are some reasons why recycling is beneficial. Recycling is the process that takes used materials and turns them into new products. First of all, this process reduces the amount of waste in the landfills which helps the environment. This would help with using the land for other beneficial reasons and also reduce the pollution risks of our environment. There is already too much land that has been taken over by these landfills. Secondly, recycling also promotes environmental awareness. It’s important to be aware of what the waste is doing to our environment. We wouldn’t want our generations to live in an unhealthy environment. We need to show the future that reusing materials saves energy, provides resources and can also provide more job opportunities. Third of all, recycling will also help with the economical aspect by providing job opportunities, reducing the cost of waste disposal and also providing more land for other beneficial resources. This would be a great benefit for people who cannot find jobs. The environmental, political, and economical situations would all benefit from the recycling industry. THE BENEFITS OF RECYCLING ...
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...What is Recycling? Recycling is a pretty simple concept: take something that isn't useful anymore and make it into something new instead of just throwing it away. It can be anything from recycling old paper into new paper, to making an old hubcap into a decorative birdbath. In reality, recycling can get pretty complex -- how it interacts with our environment, our politics, our economy and even our own human behaviour patterns will play a major role in the future of our planet. What is Recycling? Recycling can take many forms. On a small scale, any time you find a new use for something old, you're recycling. One example is making old cereal boxes into magazine holders Recycling becomes more important on larger scales. At this level, used consumer goods are collected, converted back into raw materials and remade into new consumer products. Aluminum cans, office paper, steel from old buildings and plastic containers are all examples of materials commonly recycled in large quantities, often through municipal programs encouraging bulk household collections. It's rare for a recycled product to be exactly the same as the original material from which it was recycled. Recycled paper, for example, contains ink residue and has shorter fibers than virgin paper (paper made from wood pulp). Because of this, it may be less desirable for some purposes, such as paper used in a copy machine. When a recycled good is cheaper or weaker than the original product, it's known as down-cycling...
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...Williams SUBJECT: Recycling GENERAL PURPOSE: To persuade SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade the audience to become more active environmentalists. Specifically, to convince the audience to begin recycling household products and buying recycled goods. I. Introduction: A. Attention-getting device: "DID YOU TAKE OUT THE TRASH?" How many times have our parents asked us that question? Probably more than most of us care to remember. Well, one day many of you will have children and most of the basics of parenting will remain the same. However, one may be changing. Instead of asking if your "little angel" took out the trash, you will probably be asking if he or she sorted the trash. B. Preview: If you are wondering what I mean by sort the trash, listen to these staggering environmental statistics: In one year, the United States produces 160 million tons of garbage, and that only includes what is legally dumped. Really, how much in 160M tons? It's enough metal to build two million automobiles, enough wood to construct a million homes, enough paper to publish all the daily newspapers in the country, enough aluminum to rebuild the entire American air fleet 71 times, and would fill 11 million garbage trucks. We're drowning in it. Unless Americans take a more responsible role in recycling today, we are going to all be dead tomorrow! So, sort your trash. It is easy to recycle most household products and it will only take a little of your time. II. Body A. Recycling is an idea whose time...
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...Why Is Recycling So Important Environmental Sciences Essay Recycling is a process of using waste materials into new products to prevent wastage of useful materials, reduces the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce usage of energy, and reduces mainly land pollution and water pollution by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal. Recycling is a key component of reducing modern waste and is the third component of the 3R concepts that are "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle “A. The recycling symbol is recognized symbol used to designate recyclable materials internationally. It is composed of three chasing arrows that form an unending loop. Importance of recycling Recycling is essential to both to human beings and its surrounding environment. Some facts about how rubbish that we produce is constantly increasing: I. Population is being increased and that means there are more people to create waste. ii. The wealth is being increased and that means people are buying more and more products and creating more waste ultimately. iii. Lifestyle is being changed, such as consuming more fast food nowadays, and that means we create additional waste that is non-biodegradable. Iv. Developing of new technological products and new packaging are being created, most of the materials in these products that are non-biodegradable. Importance to people Around the world, recycling is important to cities and to the people living here and there in these cities. i. Generally preserving natural...
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...them would participate in the recycling program continuingly and keep changing of their waste behaviour. So, what are their barriers of changing waste behaviour? According to the study of Tucker and Speirs about behavioural change in household waste management (Tucker & Speirs, 2010), many surveys result provided that “inconvenience factors” like effort involved, insufficient of storage space and time consuming were the main reasons household not to participate in recycle. Many households claimed recycling activities are time consuming, they did not willing to spend extra time to separate the recycled items from waste and taking them to the collection containers, many of working people engaged their in work and gathering with friends and family members rather than enrolling recycling activities during the rest time. Generally, insufficient of storage space is a main reason that discourage people to recycle, people who lived in small flats might not have space to store theirs recycled items. Apart from the above inconvenience factors, there are other factors that discourage them to recycle. Many people did not believe that their waste behaviour causing negative effect on environment, although they know that they may not change their 27 behaviour (Davidson et al, 2012). Furthermore, many people believe that individual bebavioural change could not solve the environmental problems, and such attitude causes to the failure of all zero waste or recycling measures. Conversely, many...
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...Is recycling becoming a familiar habit? [Writing suggestion: Unless in a quote or a title, avoid rhetorical questions in academic writing. A good idea is to provide answers, not questions] Jason Smart COM/156 January 20 2013 Elizabeth Lennon Is recycling becoming a familiar habit? Individuals and large companies are bearing in mind the advantages of going green. There are several statistics that verify the rise of recycling among large companies and individuals. There has been a two year jump in recycling of household containers twice as much as 2008. Statistics show that 29 percent or 238.8 million pounds of non-bottled plastics were recycled in 2010. All though the data about recycling in enlightening, there are still millions of us tossing harmful chemicals in our garbage. There are still items such as discarded bleach bottles, detergent bottles, and commonly used household cleaning chemicals. We may think that it is acceptable to toss these empty chemical bottles in the trash, but it is not because they still contain residue from the compound products. According to EHS (Environmental Health and Safety) rinse procedures should be as followed. All chemical containers, liquid or solid, must be rinsed 3 times before being discarded. A rinse should consist of minimal water being sloshed around the container. The first rinse should be collected as chemical waste, it can be put into any waste container of compatible chemicals, the second and third rinses can then...
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...benefits of recycling. “Recycling is the process of converting products back into their constituent raw materials and then reprocessing this raw into new article” (Healey, 1999). People’s desire is limitless, but the resources in the world are not infinite. In daily life, there are so many products that can be seen everywhere, for instance, glass, paper, steel, plastic products and rubber products. Hence, ignoring recycling is a large waste, that means just throwing garbage or disposing of it in landfills which is not a permanent solution. As the impassioned discussion over the issue of recycling comes into the spot light of the world, it has long been asserted that the issue of recycling in modern times is very important. Recycling makes participants feel fine, and is considered by some to be a moral responsibility, which has become a ‘social norm’ (BIEC, 1997). This essay will try to demonstrate three main benefits of recycling including its important role in economies, environment and energy-saving. Recycling generates substantial economic benefits and it has made a vital contribution to job creation and economic development. A great illustration of it is that recycling helps people save money and creates jobs in waste management and manufacturing industries. Recycling programs cost less to operate than waste collection, land filling and incineration. According to Beck (2001), there are direct impacts and indirect impacts of recycling. In Massachusetts, recycling saves $557...
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...Economics Assessment – Outcome 3 Market Failure The term market failure means when free running markets within an economy fail to provide all goods and services needed. The government develops a way of controlling these problems, e.g. by providing the economy with some amount of good and services:- Public goods Public goods are goods that are provided by the government to the economy as they are not provided by the private sector as the private sector are unable and unwilling to pay for these goods, as they are of little importance. The private sector are unable to make a profit if they provide these goods as people would be unwilling and unable to pay for these goods/service provided for there to be a profit made. Some of these are:- * Street Lights * Public Parks * Pavements Merit Goods Merit goods are goods and services provided to an economy by the government, as they are not provided by the private sector as they are unable to make a profit from these goods because there would be no one willing to pay for these or maybe even unable to be for them, as these goods/services are seen as not of enough importance. Some of these good are:- * Armed Forces * Health Care * Education Externalities Externalities is when something happens or something some does that could affect someone else. The government intervenes to try and improve negative externalities, by on most occasions introducing new legalisation to reduce these negative...
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