...The Uses and Possible Abuses of PGD In this paper I will discuss what exactly pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is and multiple moral theories apply to it. The moral issues surrounding PGD are autonomy and Utilitarianism. After that I will discuss the possible problems that the use or PGD could cause in today’s society. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is a process in which embryos are tested to detect certain genetic characteristics during in vitro fertilization. There are three main disorders that can be detected through PGD. The first are sex-linked disorders. The mother’s abnormal X-chromosome is passed on to the son instead of the father’s regular chromosome. These disorders affect only sons, but girls can become carriers of an abnormal X-chromosome. Some examples of sex-linked disorders are hemophilia, neuromuscular dystrophies and Rett syndrome. The second set of disorders is single gene disorders. Disorders in this category contain cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and Huntington disease. The last group of disorders is chromosomal disorders. Chromosomal disorders are caused by chromosomal mutations. The process in which the embryos are tested is very complex and has multiple steps. The couple must already be in the process of IVF, or in vitro fertilization. The first step of PGD is ovarian stimulation. Ovarian stimulation is used to create multiple eggs. The second step is the harvesting of the eggs. Although the procedure is short, the woman is put under...
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...The Harlem Renaissance Poets XXX XXXX Strayer University HUM 112 August 17, 2014 XXX XXXX The Harlem Renaissance Poets The Harlem Renaissance, notably deemed as the “New Negro Movement” by Alain Locke, aggrandized the creativity in literature and music from the African American culture. Much of the art from this era mostly portrayed their experiences of inequality and their search for better quality of life in the North and Midwest, henceforth the Great Migration. Some of the most prominent names during this time was African American poets Langston Hughes and Claude McKay, both playing an essential role to the literary movement. As stated by McKay, “their poems are full of hushes, whispers, sighs, songs, tongues, throats, wails, moans, voices, speech, music, hymns, blues, sobs, cries, lashes, yowls, jazz, scatting, drums, thunder, drones, shouts, trumpets, trains, whistles, choirs, horns, and all sorts of other raucous sound” (1926). Langston Hughes was notably known as the leader of the Harlem Renaissance and also deemed as the “Father of Harlem Renaissance poetry”. Hughes solidified his legacy in the Harlem Renaissance subsequently after the publishing of his first poem “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”, which is one of his most notable poems. The Negro Speaks of Rivers, which was influenced from his time passing the Mississippi River to visit his family, was later published in 1926 in his first book of poetry, The Weary Blues. In regards to the poem, Phillipson...
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...Emerging Crisis: A Lecture about the Psychosocial Perspective of Personality I. Introduction Coon and Mitterer (2013) stated from their book that every life is marked by a number of developmental milestones. Those milestones are notable events, markers, or turning points that affect the development of a certain individual. Some examples of these include graduating from school, reaching your dreams, getting married, getting a job, becoming a parent, retirement, and one’s own death. One of the important things that a person needs to develop is his personality. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, personality is the set of qualities and behaviors that makes a person different from other people. From the definition, lots of questions arise. Some examples are “What makes them different from the other?”, “Why are they behaving like that?”, and “Who am I?” In order to answer those questions, Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development will help to understand the complexity of human personality. Erikson’s ‘psychosocial’ term is derived from two words – ‘psychological’ means mind and ‘social’ means external relationships (Chapman, 2013). According to Ramkumar (2002), Erik Erikson did most of his works during the 1930s to the 1950s as a psychologist. He was fascinated in child analysis. He was the student of Sigmund Freud and he was inspired by his works. From the article of Chapman (2013), Erikson’s psychosocial theory was drawn and was extended from the ideas of...
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...Comprehension in Translation If we ask people who know English whether they understand the following sentence “This car is very powerful” they all say they do. Their comprehension is based on two elements. One is their knowledge of the words and grammar of the English language. But this is not enough. In different contexts and in different situations the word “powerful” may mean different things: “ a powerful car “ in the advertisement is not the same as “ a powerful method” for solving a problem , or “a powerful man” in felling trees, though the three “powerfuls” do not have smth in common. Similarly, the word “car” can mean not only an automobile , but also according to Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language it means “ a streetcar; an elevator cage; a part of the balloon which carries people and equipment” . “Understanding” the above sentence means that those hearing or reading it can imagine automobile, probably big, that can run very fast. This is where the second element of comprehension comes in: besides knowledge of the language comprehension implies knowledge of the outside world, called extralinguistic knowledge or encyclopedic knowledge or background knowledge. Comprehension varies from non-comprehension to full comprehension. Total non-comprehension of verbal statements is extremely rare, since the situation and/or content almost always say smth about its meaning. The problem of full comprehension is rather more difficult to deal...
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...Task C In this task I am going to explore all of the possible barriers which may make communication ineffective. Barriers are factors which slow down the process of communication of any kind. Possible features of barriers that could occur are environmental; sensory; cultural; gender and age differences; ignoring others body language. Practices such as offloading and imposing own views; shyness; aggressiveness; lack of self-awareness and haste. Certain barriers can be prevented however, by awareness and adaptation to situations. Within most health and social care settings, situations within these features are expected, therefore preparation should be taken to identity for when they occur. The barriers which may occur include: Physical barriers which pertain to the physical distance between two people, Personal barriers which involve parts of an individual’s communication competence between those communicating, sematic barriers which involve the way in which we interoperate and understand the word used in the interaction for example ‘bimonthly’ means twice a month but the person who is listening may interpret it to ‘once a month’. Gender/age difference Cultural Ignoring others body language Environmental Barriers Barriers Offloading and imposing Own views ...
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...THE RELEVANCE OF INDIGENOUS CUSTOMARY EDUCATION PRINCIPLES IN THE FORMULATION OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION POLICY BOAZ Paper presented at the Fourth International Special Education Congress, Birmingham, 10-13 April 1995 University of Manchester School of Education April 1995 THE RELEVANCE OF INDIGENOUS CUSTOMARY EDUCATION PRINCIPLES IN THE FORMULATION OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION POLICY Joseph Kisanji INTRODUCTION The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education adopted at the World Conference on Special Needs Education in June 1994 reaffirmed commitment of the world community to “Education for All” and urged governments to “give the highest policy and budgetary priority to improve their education systems to enable them to include all children regardless of individual differences and difficulties”. The United Nations (1994) in its “Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities” urges Member States in Rule Number 6 to ensure special needs education “is an integral part of the education system”. These statements in support of the “Education for All” campaign which was given the blessing of the international community at the 1990 Jomtien Conference provide broad guidelines for national and local action. However, national governments have to unpack the guidelines to make "Education for All" a...
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...Running head: A Portfolio of International Business A Portfolio of International Business Kathaleen Hull International Business 662 Harding University Abstract Understanding how we learn as adults, what positive and courageous leadership looks like, international business defined and ventures in global business we are able to look at international business as a whole. All of these components affect how we do business beyond borders and give us an idea of what components are required as a professional in a vast growing global market. A Portfolio of International Business Defining International Business According to BusinessDictionary.com, international business can be summarized as the exchange of goods and services among individuals and businesses in multiple countries or a specific entity, such as a multinational corporation or international business company that engages in business among multiple countries. (BusinessDictionary.com) Knowing that the definition of International in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is defined as relating to two or more nations and that business in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is defined as a commercial or sometimes an industrial enterprise; I think Business Dictionary’s definition of international business is very accurate. (Merriam-Webster Online) When you think international business, the non-profit sector is probably not the first type of organization that comes to mind. Heifer International is a non-profit entity that...
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...opportunities for volunteers to develop interpersonal and effective communication skills. Floating support for people aged 55 and over, living in their own homes, is also available, providing additional support in their own homes to people who receive day service provision in the centre. The aim of floating support service is to maximise independence and quality of life of those who stay in their own homes focusing on individual needs. They assist the service users in accessing local community facilities and services e.g. health services, deaf clubs, fitness classes, churches and training opportunities. Additionally, generic floating support service is available specifically for people who have complex needs or suffer from a chronic illness within the community. Vulnerable adults who come into contact with the organisation are potentially subjected to multi oppression and discrimination (Thompson, 2001). Many of them live in poor housing, experience family conflict, have low income and isolated in the community. They are also discriminated against on the grounds of race and age, and prejudice. This possible interpretation of the service users can be related to the Medical Model of disability, in which life circumstances are related to bodily changes of diseases, and therefore intervention might result in medical treatment (Crawford & walker, 2004). Opposite to the Medical Model, the Social Model of disability provides a wider approach to understand people’s situation, based on psychological...
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...Chapter 1: Student Characteristics Understand Characteristics of Students with Disabilities Some students with disabilities pass through typical developmental milestones and express skills within an average range for their age group. Others show delayed growth at certain developmental milestones, and many students with disabilities experience challenges as they navigate through the school curriculum. It is critical that special education teachers know how to differentiate between typical individual differences among children without disabilities and differences that may indicate a disability that requires interventions and/or specialized designed instruction. In addition, special education teachers need to know the most common types of disabilities that students may experience and how those disabilities affect their ability to learn and their behavior in the classroom. Competency 1 thus focuses on the characteristics of typical and atypical human growth and development and the characteristics of students with various disabilities that special education teachers are likely to encounter. The test includes a wide range of multiple-choice questions that address Competency 1. * Questions on typical and atypical behaviors and abilities for children and adolescents at particular ages. * Questions on the types and characteristics of various disabilities. * Questions on the similarities and differences among students with and without disabilities. This competency encompasses...
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...Journal of Transcultural Nursing http://tcn.sagepub.com/ Standards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care : 2011 Update Marilyn K. Douglas, Joan Uhl Pierce, Marlene Rosenkoetter, Dula Pacquiao, Lynn Clark Callister, Marianne Hattar-Pollara, Jana Lauderdale, Jeri Milstead, Deena Nardi and Larry Purnell J Transcult Nurs 2011 22: 317 DOI: 10.1177/1043659611412965 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tcn.sagepub.com/content/22/4/317 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Transcultural Nursing Society Additional services and information for Journal of Transcultural Nursing can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tcn.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tcn.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://tcn.sagepub.com/content/22/4/317.refs.html >> Version of Record - Sep 26, 2011 What is This? Downloaded from tcn.sagepub.com by Marty Douglas on September 27, 2011 412965 ouglas et al.Journal of Transcultural Nursing TCN22410.1177/1043659611412965D Commentary Journal of ranscultural Nursing T 22(4) 317–333 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1043659611412965 http://tcn.sagepub.com Standards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care: 2011 Update Marilyn K. Douglas, DNSc, RN, FAAN1, Joan...
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...educación bilingüe: una perspectiva sociolingüística] Iván Ricardo Miranda Montenegro holds a Master’s degree in Applied Linguistics to EFL Teaching from Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Colombia. He currently works as assistant professor at Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Mailing address: Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Instituto Internacional de Idiomas, Calle 4 sur No 15-134 Sogamoso, Boyacá, Colombia. E-mail: ivan.miranda@uptc.edu.co Abstract This paper is primarily intended to present some major considerations about bilingualism and bilingual education from a sociolinguistic perspective. In the first instance and due to the high complexity of the issue, I will deal with major definitions of these concepts. Furthermore, I will highlight features of individual and social bilingualism as well as some of their most common effects on individuals and on communities. Lastly, some conditions for the establishment of bilingual communities are put...
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...Kritika Ku ltu ra NEW SCHOLARS FORUM Gay Language: Defying the Structural Limits of English Language in the Philippines Norberto V. Casabal Lyceum of Subic Bay, Philippines nvcasabal@yahoo.com Abstract Gay language has achieved a higher degree of acceptance in recent years in the Philippines. Both gays and nongays can be heard uttering gay expressions. But the main role of gayspeak for gay people in the Philippines is to function as an “armor” to shield themselves from the chasm and the social stigma caused by gender differences. From a linguistic point of view, this paper not only describes the nature of this gay language and how expressions are coined; it also looks at how code mixing (gayspeak + English language) is made possible. This paper also examines how this code-mixing creatively violates the grammatical structure of the use of the English language in the Philippines. Keywords code-mixing, gayspeak, gender difference, Philippine English, street-talk About the author Norberto V. Casabal is Head for Academic Affairs of Lyceum of Subic Bay. He is currently pursuing his MA in English Language and Literature Teaching at the Ateneo de Manila University. Introduction Binabae and bakla are familiar words in Filipino street-talk. But what about badaf, baklush, and baklers? These are a little confusing for the average Filipino speaker, while the expressions Bading Garci, pa-mihn, pa-girl, X-men, will lose most expert speakers of the Filipino language. These are terms which...
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...Introduction United States legislative changes, such as those described by federal laws such as Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) reauthorized in 2004 (Pub. L. No. 108-466) and the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 (Pub. L. No. 107–110), require that students with increasingly diverse learning characteristics have access to and achieve high academic performance in the general education curriculum. The changing demographics of the United States have also played a role in diverse learning characteristics of the American learners in classrooms today. With an educational system that serves approximately 76,355,000 students, 30,982,000 or 40.58% are of an ethnically diverse background and 5% of school age children have a disability (U.S. Census Bureau, 2008). These changing legal requirements and student demographics in United States educational systems combine pointing to the need for increased collaborative planning and teaching among school personnel attempting to comply with these legal mandates to serve all students fairly and equitably in general education classrooms. Co-teaching is an approach that helps educators meet both IDEIA and NCLB mandates, and is defined as “two or more people sharing responsibility for teaching some or all of the students assigned to a classroom” (Villa, Thousand, & Nevin, 2008, p. 5). In schools within the United States, co-teaching often involves general education and special education teachers working...
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...Globalisation and Rising Inequality in Australia Is Increasing Inequality Inevitable in Australia? Tom Conley Griffith University Introduction I want to dedicate my government to the maintenance of traditional Australian values. And they include those great values of mateship and egalitarianism.1 10 years ago a Mitsubishi type development would have flattened people psychologically. Now they take it in their stride … 2 Policy-makers and commentators have long been cajoling Australians into accepting that they are a part of the global economy, which means an acceptance of a whole range of ‘new realities’. One of the major themes of the pro-globalisation position is that Australia has accepted these new realities and adjusted well to globalisation by embracing economic liberalism. The results, it is argued, have been overwhelmingly beneficial. John Howard points out the Australian economy has grown for fourteen years straight – a remarkable achievement by any standards. This success story of growth has tended, however, to override more disaggregated, negative analyses of social outcomes in Australia. A less sanguine part of this new globalising ‘reality’ appears to be an acceptance of rising inequality. Indeed, it is often implied that rising inequality is a spur for growth. The argument is that everyone is better off, it’s just that some people are better off than others. While commentary is often not explicit about the association of globalisation and rising inequality...
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...Institute of Banking Personnel Selection COMMON WRITTEN EXAMINATION [CWE] FOR RECRUITMENT OF PROBATIONARY OFFICERS/ MANAGEMENT TRAINEES IN 19 PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS Email: common@ibpsorg.org Website: www.ibps.in As a gateway to the ever growing demand for qualified candidates for employment in the 19 Public Sector Banks, on whose behalf CWE is conducted by IBPS, here is the next opportunity for aspiring candidates. The 2nd Common Written Examination (CWE-PO/ MT-II) will be conducted by the Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS) as a pre-requisite for selection of personnel for Probationary Officer/ Management Trainee posts in the Public Sector Banks mentioned below. This system of Common Written Examination for recruitment of Probationary Officers/ Management Trainees has been approved by the Government of India, has the consent of the Boards of each of the participating Banks and the Managing Committee of the Indian Banks’ Association (IBA). IBPS, an autonomous body, has been authorised by IBA and has received a mandate from the 19 Public Sector Banks listed below to conduct the Common Written Examination. The CWE for Probationary Officer/ Management Trainee posts will be conducted twice a year by IBPS. A PARTICIPATING BANKS Allahabad Bank Andhra Bank Bank of Baroda Bank of India Bank of Maharashtra Canara Bank Central Bank of India Corporation Bank Dena Bank Indian Bank Indian Overseas Bank Oriental Bank of Commerce Punjab National Bank Punjab & Sind Bank Syndicate...
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