...All of us live with a set of personal core convictions—our views of what is right and wrong, what we feel is pleasing to God or not, what we are comfortable or uncomfortable in doing. Some issues are very crucial, like it is wrong to murder. Others are not quite as crucial, like there’s just something not right about cheering for the Green Bay Packers if you are a Vikings fan. Some things are based solidly on Scripture, some are based partially on Scripture, and some are just a personal thing between God and the person. And finally some of them are from family traditions that we grew up with through the years. If you start a list, every person could probably come up with hundreds of items that together form what they feel is right and wrong, a blueprint of how they walk with God according to their conscience. Every single person on this planet has a different list. If we asked enough questions, we would find differences in everyone’s personal convictions. The question then becomes, what is the proper place of personal convictions in the Christian walk and in the church? And how do we handle interacting with our brothers and sisters in Christ who have different personal convictions then us? My core convictions are church should be more then just on Sunday, family is the biggest part of your time in your life, every child should grow up in the church, and I also believe that all people should be given second chances. I...
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...Jails and Prisons Sarrita Will CJA/234 January 13, 2014 Helen Ford Jails and Prisons From 1790 to 1995 the criminal justice system went through nine different eras: penitentiary, mass prison, reformatory, industrial, punitive, treatment, community-based, warehousing, and just desserts. Each era described the jails place in corrections and outlines the role of jails throughout history to the present day. The Pennsylvania Quakers believed that honest labor would be the best and most humane way to deal with offenders and their irrational behavior within the community. In the year of 1786 convicts that were put to work on public projects. To distinguish the convicts from the public they wore clothes that were bright and shabby along with a ball and chain that was attached at their ankles. This was believed to prevent offenders from escaping into the community (University of Phoenix, 2011). As the criminal justice system evolved humiliation turned towards incarceration. With the population growing someone had to manage these lock-ups and the control was given to the local areas. Within the lock-ups there would be a mixture of women and men, and petty thieves with violent offenders. As the population grew not only counties but states as well began to maintain their own correctional systems. The correctional systems were managed by local sheriff department (Texas Education Agency, 2011). The duties of these departments housed suspects until their trial or sentencing, provide...
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...Purpose and History Amirah Shepard CJA/234 June 9, 2014 Shawna Olachea Purpose and History American culture has always placed importance on punishing people who commit acts unacceptable to the social norms of society. Because of this need, the development of prisons were constructed to house the individuals, so they can serve their time away from free individuals. Prisons are an intricate part of our history, starting from the late 1700’s up until now our system continues to redefine itself based on the needs of society. I will explore the evolution of punishment, prison system and how prison labor impacts over time. Punishment can be defined as the correctional goal with emphasis on inflicting pain or suffering. (Seiter, 2011) Punishment is used as a form of social control, it is viewed, that, a person will refrain from wrongdoing if the consequences impact their freedom. Since the ancient times of the Code of Hammarbi, banishment, and beheading punishment has been a part of how our culture deals with offenders. We can trace back punishment to the colonial days where punishment was based on community opinion and punishment was publicly displayed to ridicule and deter others from such behavior. This type of punishment started to transform into a more organized structure because of enlightened political philosophy, a more humane approach was sought. Incarceration became the vehicle in which the American justice system dealt with deviant behavior. Sir Alex Patterson...
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...In spring of 1911, the second largest workplace disaster in the history of New York City occurred. 146 women and teenage girls died in a fire that broke out on the top three floors of the ten-story work building that the Triangle Shirtwaist Company shared with other businesses. The fire was likely started with a cigarette bud being dropped, and the fire quickly grew with all the clothing and material to burn on. The young women tried to escape without the accommodation of a safe and appropriate exit. There was one flimsy fire exit staircase that quickly buckled under the pressure of dozens and dozens of women trying to run down it and one working elevator out of five that functioned enough to make four trips before the tragedy ended. Women...
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...Purpose and History Chris Souza CJA/234 May 5, 2014 Moore When you think of the purpose of prison, what comes to mind? To house some of the world’s most notorious criminals? To rehabilitate those who has seen the evil of their own ways? Or has America's melting pot of philosophies has made it difficult to manage societal institutions? Throughout this paper the discussion of how the history of prison development was established. The history of punishment for those who committed their crimes will be in focus. We will compare the Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system to each other. Finally, the impact of prison labor overtime shall be discussed. For some the purpose of prison is to protect society from criminals who intend to harm innocent civilians. For others a prison's purpose is to rehabilitate citizens who need skills to become upstanding members of society. Still others believe that a prison provides a way for criminals to be punished and therefore pay their debt to society. Within the correctional system of America there are varying degrees of incarceration. The history of punishment in corrections of prisons can be dated back as far as 1750 B.C. One of the earliest known written codes that specified different types of offenses and punishments was the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi was divided into sections to cover different types of offenses and contained descriptions of the punishments to be imposed to offenders. (Lych, 2014) There were five punishments...
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...The Prison System CJS/200 October 24, 2010 Monty Mathis The Prison System History of the prison system Prisons back in the 16th and 17th centuries were used to punish people who could not pay their taxes, and rent among other things they were called Debtor’s prison these were a form of a work house. A public display of punishment for a convicted criminal such as stock’s even branding. In the 18th century this is when the public started opposing the death penalty except for serious crimes such as murder. From the mid 18th century to be imprisoned meant hard labor for those who committed petty crimes. By 1777 John Howard (namesake of the Howard League) chastises the prison system as being filthy, barbaric, and disorganized. (Howard League, 2006) The Great Penitentiary Rivalry involved the state of Pennsylvania and the state of New York. And, each state believed that the system they had in place was the best system to address the constant issue of overcrowding. Pennsylvania constructed two new prisons; the Western Penitentiary and the Eastern Penitentiary. Their system was based on the concept of silence as a virtue (Gaines & Miller, 2009). In Pennsylvania the inmates were kept separate from one another and the only contact they had was with clergyman and staff. New York’s Newgate Prison, built in 1791, was operated the same as those in Pennsylvania except they were able to eat together – in silence. Although there are different types of systems in place today, both...
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...“Stresemann controlling inflation was the main reason behind the success of the Weimar Republic in 1923-1928” Do you agree? The period 1925-1929 if often considered to be the ‘Golden Years’ of Weimar Germany’s political history. Gustav Stresemann was in power or in positions of influence between 1906 and 1923. During this period Germany gained political power and the economic difficulties started to be overcome. Stresemann helped rebuild Germany after a year of crisis in 1923. There were many different factors Stresemann controlled behind the main reason of success for the Weimar Republic. These included economic problems such as inflation, Dawes Plan and Young Plan, international affairs and Social Reforms. I agree that biggest success of Stresemann was controlling inflation because he was able to stabilise the money in the country and by this happening it created a domino effect for his other successes. Firstly, Germany faced economic problems. Hyperinflation was a major part of this which is when prices are rising and the value of money is falling. Germany began to suffer inflation during the war but things got further worse after the war when there was a demand of £6,600,000 reparation payments. In 1923 French troops occupied the Ruhr in Germany due to Germany failing to pay an instalment of reparations on time. Workers were told to go on strike and so all workers on strike had to be given financial support. The government responded in printing more and more banknotes...
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...Jason Alvey Major League Baseball: The Steroids Era The use of performance enhancing drugs in Major League Baseball is an issue that caused quite the uproar throughout the nation in the past decade. Superstars and public icons have fallen from grace after being so instrumental in the reemergence of America’s past time. Careers have been made and lost in single seasons under suspicious gains and losses in “abilities.” The United States Government has even begun to come down hard on baseball from many different angles. The main office of Major League Baseball, along with many active players, has taken steps to help prevent the use of illegal performance enhancing drugs. Many Americans claim to want a clean game and true records, but I am a true believer that steroids are here to stay and the public only pretends to care. Some of the biggest names and even some of the record holders in professional baseball have been accused of using various steroids to gain the competitive edge. Barry Bonds has been one of the most popular professional sports figures in this country for more than 15 years, but he is now waiting for a March court date when opening statements will be heard in his Federal perjury trial. Mark McGuire and Sammy Sosa, the two most instrumental players that helped the bring fans back to the stadiums after the 1994 players’ strike, will never be voted into the Hall of Fame because there is a suspicion that they used some type of performance enhancers. ...
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...Chicago had a population increase of 41%, many of these immigrants lacked adequate employment, housing, and access to education and health services. Jane Addams opened a social settlement house named Hull House. Hull House was in Chicago’s nineteenth ward, which was an immigrant neighborhood with inadequate slums and junk assemblage. “The prominence of barrooms, betting houses, and abuse pertaining to the industry workshops dominated this neighborhood” (Stebner, 1997). “Hull House, is named after Charles Hull its first resident, a real estate baron who had it built for his family in 1856” (Kiernan, “Jane Addams’ Hull House Opens”). Hull House received worldwide attention over the next two decades for its educational programs, social reform efforts, and its mix of culture. The women of Hull House helped create the first Court system for Juvenile offenders and built the first playground. “If it is natural to feed the hungry and care for the sick, it is certainly natural to give pleasure to the young, comfort to the aged and to minister to the deep seated craving for social intercourse that all men feel” (Keirnan,...
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...year at Staunton; the family moved to Augusta, Georgia until 1870 moving to Columbia then Wilmington in 1784. Woodrow (who would later drop his first name Thomas/Tommy) got his early education from a few ex-Confederate soldiers who set up some schools after the Civil war and his father who taught him religion, literature and British history. In the year 1873, at sixteen years of age, Wilson attended Davidson College, North Carolina for only one year due to his health and concerns at home. 1875, he attended a College of New Jersey (better known as Princeton University) which he later graduated in 1879. That same year he would study law in the University of Virginia but would end up leaving during the second year due to personal reasons. He would continue his study of law on his own accord after returning home of Wilmington, North Carolina. Year 1882, he set up a legal practice with a friend from the University of Virginia and later passed the Georgia Bar Exam. However, he became tired with the practice of law; he decided to continue his education and attended at John Hopkins University, Baltimore. There he was enrolled as a graduate student in history and political science and earned his PH.D in 1886. With his research study, he made the dissertation known as Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics. In it, Wilson argued about the power the congressional government has over a weak postwar Presidency and for a constitutional change of separation of powers between Congress...
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...Purpose and History of Penitentiaries Luis Ortega CJA/234 Carlos Zuniga June 3, 2013 In today’s corrections system it is known that it is very much populated and continues to grow in number of inmates that are confined within these walls. Penitentiaries continue to pop up all over America for the fact that crimes are still being committed and offenders will be tried in a court of law and from there will receive a punishment whether it be probation, community service, or jail time. A lot of people do not know much about the prison system and how it works and how it came to be. I would even say that a majority of people only understand that prisons are where the bad guys go and serve their time behind bars, but there is more to it that just that. In order to understand what prisons are about and what purpose they serve we must look at the history of penitentiaries and how they have evolved over time. The history of the punishment can be dated all the way back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Criminal activity back in those times was not lightly tolerated just like today, except that back then you could receive harsh punishment for what feel today as normal for example sex or what they called back in those times fornication. According to "The Howard League for Penal Reform" (2014), "Sanctions for criminal behaviour tended to be public events which were designed to shame the person and deter others; these included the ducking stool, the pillory, whipping, branding...
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...The late 18th century to the early 19th century was a time for rapid change and growth for the United States. There was widespread political reform, women's rights movement, prohibition, and more. This gave this time period the name the progressive era. The advancements in education, technology, and political reforms were the results of many supporters of the progressive movement. However Woodrow Wilson had the most significant impact on the United States during this time period. Woodrow Wilson is the most important individual from the progressive era because of the political reform during his presidency, foreign policy during World War 1, and his effort to improve working conditions. Woodrow Wilson was the 28th president of the United States serving from 1913 to 1921. Wilson was born in Virginia on December 18th, 1856 and attended Princeton University earning a Ph. D in political science and later becoming the president of Princeton. In 1911 Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey and began a presidential campaign in 1912. In 1913 he was elected president and brought back the State of The Union speech which had not been used...
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...fear of this problem spreading. “Around 1830, the average American over 15 years old consumed nearly seven gallons of pure alcohol a year – three times as much as we drink today. (Burns and Novick)” Prohibition became a national push from the churches and reform groups who believed they would persuade Americans to give up drinking. This belief was unreasonable because the liquor traffickers main goals were to push Americans to drink and purchase their product. It would take more than persuading these businesses to give up all they worked for. The reform groups also thought the tendency of people going to bars would decrease and become less popular. They did not realize that taking away someone's desire will only cause them to want to do it more and rebel (Why Prohibition). This was proven true after the Eighteenth Amendment was passed. During this time period, there were many movements that contributed to the Eighteenth Amendment: The Temperance Movement, The Women’s Christian Temperance Union, and the Anti-Saloon League. These high-powered groups were all roots to Prohibition. Developed by strong support from Protestants and other Christian branches, the Anti-Saloon League was the strongest political pressure group in US history. It was just a matter of time until their work paid off and Prohibition took effect on January 17th, 1920 (Prohibition). After the Eighteenth Amendment took action, the consumption of alcohol slowly fell, but then progressively increased. As it started to...
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...The Progressive Era marked a time of new reforms throughout our nation and these changes have shaped the country we live in today. This era was the nation’s response to the Industrial Revolution. It affected all Americans and transformed the role of government in American society. Most racial issues and women's rights, were ignored during the progressive era, but the groundwork was laid for future reforms in those areas. Many events occurred during the time of the Progressive Era and Great Depression that made a big contribution to today’s society. One of the first turning points of this era was the founding of the Anti-Saloon League. It was a non-partisan political pressure group established in 1893 with Protestant churches as its primary support in rural areas and the South. In the words of leader Ernest Cherrington, it was "the united church militant engaged in the overthrow of the liquor traffic.” The League also used churches more directly to achieve its objectives. For example, it arranged for pastors in over 2,000 churches in Illinois to discuss a pending temperance measure and urge congregations to ask their representatives to support it. The Anti-Saloon stressed its religious character and since it acted as an agent of the churches and therefore was working for God, anything it did was seen as moral and justified because it was working to bring about the Lord's will. This became the first modern, single-issuing lobbying group in the America and opened the doors for...
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...Women during the Progressive Era made significant reforms to the social and political conditions. By pushing for these reforms, Progressive Era women made changes to gain women's suffrage. Women in the Progressive Era sought to eradicate and reform previously barring norms. Previously, men had dominated the local, state, and federal political platform, while women had been denied even the basic right to vote. The campaign began to pick up more and more steam after the 14 thand 15th Amendment gave the right to vote to exclusively free slaves and again denied the right to vote to women. During the Progressive Era, women sought to change this and insistently active in pressuring politicians to come about to gain more rights for women. Parties...
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