...• " A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES IN REGIONAL RURAL BANK OF MP II (A) INTRODUCTION OF HRD According to Economic Theory, the factors of production are land, labour, capital, organization and enterprise to produce and distribute goods and services. These five factors can be further grouped into two broad categories, (i) land and capital and (ii) labour, organization and enterprise. The former category is passive in nature while the latter one is active. The inputs of this category may be largely termed as human resources working in the form of entrepreneurs, managers and workers. No amount of production of any good or service is possible in their absence. Even with the given factor - inputs (factors of production) of the first category, the magnitude of goods and services and their quality depend on the quality of such human resources. In the present day society, the need for well developed and qualified human resources is being felt very profoundly to successfully face cut-throat competition. This is because the modern commercial and industrial scenario is characterized by mega-sized organizations, global competitions, innovative and newer wide variety of goods and services and ever changing technology. In this situation, the development of human resources has assumed more significance so as to understand and use ever - changing technology and to do the job effectively and efficiently, eventually leading to...
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...REGIONAL RURAL BANKS The Narasimham committee on rural credit recommended the establishment of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) on the ground that they would be much better suited than the commercial banks or co-operative banks in meeting the needs of rural areas. Accepting the recommendations of the Narasimham committee, the government passed the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976. A significant development in the field of banking during 1976 was the establishment of 19 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) under the Regional Rural Banks Act‚1976. The RRBs were established “with a view to developing the rural economy by providing, for the purpose of development of agriculture, trade, commerce, industry and other productive activities in the rural areas, credit and other facilities, particularly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, artisans and small entrepreneurs, and for matters connected therewith and incidental thereto” . * Objective * Functions * Regional Rural Banks in India * Regional Rural Banks in Tamil Nadu RRBs established with the explicit objective of Top * Bridging the credit gap in rural areas * Check the outflow of rural deposits to urban areas * Reduce regional imbalances and increase rural employment generation The main objectives of setting up the RRB is to provide credit and other facilities‚ especially to the small and marginal farmers‚ agricultural labourers artisans and small entrepreneurs in rural areas. Each RRB will...
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...National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is an apex development bank in India having headquarters based in Mumbai (Maharashtra)[3] and other branches are all over the country. The Committee to Review Arrangements for Institutional Credit for Agriculture and Rural Development (CRAFICARD), set up by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Chairmanship of Shri B. Sivaraman, conceived and recommended the establishment of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). It was established on 12 July 1982 by a special act by the parliament and its main focus was to uplift rural India by increasing the credit flow for elevation of agriculture & rural non farm sector and completed its 25 years on 12 July 2007.[4] It has been accredited with "matters concerning policy, planning and operations in the field of credit for agriculture and other economic activities in rural areas in India". RBI sold its stake in NABARD to the Government of India, which now holds 99% stake.[5] NABARD is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion History NABARD was established on the recommendations of Shivaraman Committee, by an act of Parliament on 12 July 1982 to implement the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation...
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...| REGIONAL DISPARITY IN AGRICULTURAL CREDIT | | | Arvind Kumar Jha | PGDMA 1206 | | ABSTRACT The Eleventh Five year plan makes specific focus on the inclusive growth of the economy. It implies that the growth process that experienced over the years were not sufficiently inclusive of all. Although there had been substantial reduction of poverty over past few decades during the five year plans, the core content of the rural poverty remained intractable. In fact, upto Ten Five year plan envisaged balanced regional development and equality and employment. But the growth of population and urban biased industrial development have left out the backward section of population and the rural sector in general un-addressed. The agricultural credit policies and the economic reform in general aim to have positive influence on the total volume of institutional credit. However, the rural banking system in India made tremendous quantitative achievement by neglecting the qualitative aspects of the credit delivery system. The inequalities in the banking system across the regions and social classes persisted. Hence, it is mandatory to understand the regional disparity in the distribution of agricultural credit. In context to Agricultural credit, Southern Region (Rs.101659 crore) dominated the other region Northern Region (Rs.69630 crore), Central region (Rs.45988 crore) Western region (Rs.61613 crore), Eastern Region (Rs.26760 crore)and Northeastern region(Rs.2436...
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...to the poorest of the poor in a country. There can be multiple levels of financial inclusion. Banks have at one end the high end customers for whom they are offering wide range of products & services. At the other end there are customers having only the savings bank accounts & withdrawal facilities. Governments have followed different approaches to achieve financial inclusion .The US government expanded the scope of financial inclusion through statutory enactments. e.g. Community Reinvestment Act. In France, it is a statutory right of every individual to have a bank account. Internationally Financial Inclusion has a wider perspective, a mere current & saving account holdings cannot be an accurate indicator for the financial inclusion. A financial inclusion taskforce in UK identified three priority areas namely 1) Access to banking 2) Access to affordable credit 3) Access to advisory services. UK has established a financial inclusion fund for removing financial exclusion. A post office card account has been created for people who are unable to access basic bank account. Community Advance Finance initiative was introduced to promote financial literacy among people. Housing Reimbursement Act in US prohibits discrimination by banks against low & moderate income households. Financial Inclusion leads to an increase in opportunities for employment by availing bank finances and other services and generates higher income. On the other hand, studies conducted...
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...Will Reforms Enable Outreach? M-CRIL Review of Rural Banking in India: Working Paper 1 Micro-Credit Ratings International Limited 602 Pacific Square, 32nd Milestone NH8, Gurgaon 122 001 INDIA Telephone: +91 124 230 9497, 230 9707, 405 0739, 426 8707; Fax: +91 124 230 9520 e-mail: contact@m-cril.com ; website: www.m-cril.com Study Sponsored by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation Micro-Credit Ratings International Limited Table of Contents Section Background Executive Summary 1 2 3 4 Introduction The Importance of Rural Banks Recent Performance of the Rural Banking System Reforms and the Rural Banks 4.1 A huge effort to reform the cooperative system 4.2 Sensible proposals for reorienting the Regional Rural Banks but… 5 Will Reforms Enable Inclusion? 5.1 Cooperative reform – is it good money after bad? 5.2 RRB reform – has the inclusion objective been sidelined? 6 Conclusion Page v vii 1 3 7 8 8 12 15 15 17 18 M-CRIL Review of Rural Banking in India Background This study follows from the discussion of issues in the performance of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) written by Sanjay Sinha, Managing Director, M-CRIL and published in The Economic Times (newspaper) on 17 March 2007. In relation to financial inclusion, many of the issues raised there affect the performance of cooperative banks as well as the RRBs. These issues include • The effect of government ownership of RRBs on their ability to operate efficiently and effectively to fulfil the financial inclusion...
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...Scheduled Cooperative Banks : • State Cooperative Banks • Urban Cooperative Banks Non Schedule Banks : • Cooperative Non Scheduled banks and credit institutions • Local Area Banks Cooperative Credit Institutions : Urban Cooperative Banks • Scheduled UCBs (55) • Non Scheduled UCBs( 1800) Rural Cooperative Credit Institutions: • Short TERM: 1. State Cooperative Banks(31) 2. Central Cooperative Banks( 370) 3. PACS(More than 1,00,000) • Long Term: 1. SCARDB(20) Important Financial Authorities in India RBI Governor : Dr D Subba rao Dy Governors: Dr K C Chakrabarty Dr Subir Gokaran Mr Anand Sinha Mr Harun Rashid Khan SEBI Chairman : Mr U K S inha IRDA : Chairman : Mr J Hari Narayan PFRDA: Chairman : Mr Yogesh Agrawal NHB: CMD : Mr R S Verma AMFI : Chief Executive : Mr H N Sinor Banking Network in India 167 Commercial Banks: 26 Public sector banks, 21 Private sector Banks(14+7) 14 old private sector banks, 7 new private sector banks, 31 foreign banks, 82 regional rural banks, 4 local area banks Co-operative Banks: 1,721 urban cooperative banks, 31 state cooperative banks and 371 district central cooperative banks. Private Houses applied to RBI for Banking Licence: Reliance Capital, India Bulls, Religare, IL&FS, IDFC, IFCI and Aditya Birla Financial Services S P GARG 11th July 2011 21 Private sector Banks(14+7) 14 old private sector banks, 7 new...
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...A REVIEW OF RURAL FINANCING IN INDIA SHUBHAM TRIVEDI & PRIYANKA SINGH MBA IB, UPES DEHRADUN ABSTRACT Talking about the Today Scenario, Financial Institutions are focusing on the improving system for Finance in Rural Areas. As on the day when Narendra Modi's Government came on the rule, it has already focused on increasing the number of branches of Commercial Banks in rural areas in order to provide better financial services to the people residing in such areas. Moreover the interest rate of financing in rural areas should be kept low as in comparison to that financing in urban areas and moreover the time period should be increased. As we can see that previously Agriculture was one of the main sources of income of people but now the fact has changed. As people are migrating to urban areas in search of jobs where they could get more amount of money in order to fulfill their basic necessities. This is because we can consider due to changing weather conditions in India as production level has gone down due to less rain. Thus in order to encourage growing of agricultural products, the Government should take initiative in increasing the finance in order to cope up these different situations that the country is facing. Now the State Government of Uttar Pradesh has taken the initiative. As this year due to heavy rains in most parts of Uttar Pradesh, the crops were destroyed and moreover the farmers were at loss and thus even resulted in...
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...Some of the major important role of commercial banks in a developing country are as follows: Besides performing the usual commercial banking functions, banks in developing countries play an effective role in their economic development. The majority of people in such countries are poor, unemployed and engaged in traditional agriculture. Image Courtesy : worldpropertychannel.com/news-assets/Commercial-Lending-bank.jpg There is acute shortage of capital. People lack initiative and enterprise. Means of transport are undeveloped. Industry is depressed. The commercial banks help in overcoming these obstacles and promoting economic development. The role of a commercial bank in a developing country is discussed as under. 1. Mobilising Saving for Capital Formation: The commercial banks help in mobilising savings through network of branch banking. People in developing countries have low incomes but the banks induce them to save by introducing variety of deposit schemes to suit the needs of individual depositors. They also mobilise idle savings of the few rich. By mobilising savings, the banks channelise them into productive investments. Thus they help in the capital formation of a developing country. 2. Financing Industry: The commercial banks finance the industrial sector in a number of ways. They provide short-term, medium-term and long-term loans to industry. In India they provide short-term loans. Income of the Latin American countries like Guatemala, they advance medium-term...
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...Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP) Working Group on Savings Mobilization RURAL BANK OF PANABO (RBP), PHILIPPINES (CASE STUDY) Ulrich Wehnert Eschborn, 1999 CGAP Working Group on Savings Mobilization CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHS 1 CONTEXT 1.1 1.2 Macroeconomic context iv v 1 1 Context of the financial sector 1 1.2.1 Role of the central bank 1 1.2.2 Regulation and supervision 2 1.2.3 General development and characteristics of the financial sector 3 1.2.4 The impact of the Asian financial and economic crisis on the financial sector4 1.2.5 Outreach and characteristics of state interventions 4 1.2.6 Social security system 5 Social and socio-cultural context Classification of the macroeconomic, financial and socio-cultural context 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 11 11 11 12 1.3 1.4 2 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS 2.1 2.2 General characteristics of the Rural Bank of Panabo Institutional type, governance and organizational structure 2.2.1 Institutional type and governance 2.2.2 Organizational structure 2.2.3 Lessons learned in institutional type, governance and organizational structure 2.2.3.1 Success factors 2.2.3.2 Limitations and risks 2.2.3.3 Possibilities of replication 2.3 Demand-oriented savings products and technologies 12 2.3.1 Characteristics of demand-oriented savings products and savings technologies 12 2.3.2 Design of demand-oriented savings products 13 2.3.3 Procedures to introduce demand-oriented savings products 13 2.3.4 Lessons learned...
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...Immediate Payment Service (IMPS): Introduction IMPS is a service provided by Indian banks to their customers to help them carry out interbank funds transfers in real-time. Customers do not need to wait for the bank to open to transfer money and are free to transfer funds on weekends, holidays or weekdays. The terms of service may be slightly different from one bank to another. The maximum amount that the customers can transfer using IMPS is Rs. 2 lakh. Here are a few ways people can use IMPS: • Transfer funds • Receive payments • Carry out mobile banking transactions • Make merchant payments • Search Aadhaar Seeding status with the bank account IMPS Transaction Charges Banks levy fees on each IMPS transaction. The rate may vary slightly...
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...CHINA’S NEW CONCEPT FOR DEVELOPMENT Jiyao Bi1 INTRODUCTION In the first 20 years of the 21st century China is entering a new development stage to comprehensively build a prosperous society and to accelerate its modernization drive. China views these two decades as a period of great strategic opportunity which should be pursued vigourously. From an international perspective, peace and development remain the central themes of our era, and China is working to achieve this peaceful environment for development. From a domestic perspective, 25 years of economic reform and opening up have laid a solid basis for development, and China has achieved favourable conditions to accelerate development. However, opportunities are always accompanied by challenges. A key challenge for China is to adopt new thinking and ideas for development and make a new breakthrough in reform, so as to tightly grasp and make a full use of this opportunity to further promote its modernization drive. I. CHINA’S DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND ISSUES China has experienced rapid economic growth since the late 1970s when economic reform and opening policies was initiated. From 1978 to 2004, China’s GDP grew by a yearly average of 9.5 per cent, the highest levels of GDP growth in the world. China has successfully maintained its sustained and rapid economic growth in recent years by improving and strengthening macro-control policies. Confronted with the external shocks of the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998 and...
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...IAE Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 General Management Program – 2012/2013 Business Economics BENIN – COUNTRY STUDY FOR INVESTMENT IN SOLAR ENERGY SECTOR Compiled by: Thi Hien Anh Nguyen Thi Hien Anh NGUYEN 2012 PREAMBLE This report is prepared as a preliminary research based on hypothetic scenario of an investment project of EUR10 million in solar energy sector in Benin. The report hence firstly focuses on the analysis of Benin’s macro-environment, including the political, socio-demographical, economic, legal and ecological environments which might impinge on the project. The report then goes further in analysing the current situation of the energy sector in Benin and the prospects offered for the solar energy sector in Benin. I/ BENIN – COUNTRY CONTEXT AND PROSPECTS 1. Country overview Benin (French: Bénin, formerly Dahomey), officially the Republic of Benin (French: République du Bénin), is a country in West Africa. Situated in the Gulf of Guinea, it is bordered by Togo to the west, by Nigeria to the east and by Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. A majority of the population live on its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is in Cotonou, the country's largest city. Benin covers an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers (42,000 sq mi), with a population of approximately 9.1 million. Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment...
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...Highlights of Budget-Special Issue of Newsflash (1) Banking Sector ▪ Requirement to infuse [pic]2,40,000 crore as equity by 2018 in our banks to be in line with Basel-III norms. ▪ Capital of banks to be raised by increasing the shareholding of the people in a phased manner ▪ Six new Debt Recovery Tribunals to be set up. ▪ For venture capital in the MSME sector, a [pic]10,000 crore fund to act as a catalyst to attract private Capital by way of providing equity , quasi equity, soft loans and other risk capital for start-up companies with suitable tax incentives to participating private funds to be established. ▪ RBI to create a framework for licensing small banks and other differentiated banks. ▪ Banks to be encouraged to extend long term loans to infrastructure sector with flexible structuring. Simplification of norms to facilitate education loans for higher studies. (2) OTHER ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL INITIATIVES ▪ The composite cap of foreign investment to be raised to 49 per cent with full Indian management and control through the FIPB route. ▪ Introduction of uniform KYC norms and inter-usability of the KYC records across the entire financial sector. ▪ Requirement of the built up area and capital conditions for FDI to be reduced from 50,000 square metres to 20,000 square metres and from USD 10 million to USD 5 million respectively for development of smart cities. ▪ The composite cap in the insurance sector to be increased up to 49 per cent from 26...
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...Agriculture plays a crucial role in the development of the Indian economy. It accounts for about 19 per cent of GDP and about two thirds of the population is dependent on the sector. The importance of farm credit as a critical input to agriculture is reinforced by the unique role of Indian agriculture in the macroeconomic framework and its role in poverty alleviation. Recognizing the importance of agriculture sector in India’s development, the Government and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have played a vital role in creating a broad-based institutional framework for catering to the increasing credit requirements of the sector. The Reserve Bank has been very active in reinvigorating the co-operative credit movement in the country through a...
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