...asdASDASD ASD ASD We’ve shown in this paper that addiction is prevalent in our country, affecting millions of people. Incidents of relapse are extremely high in cases of addiction. A consistent trigger for a relapse seems to be indulging the addiction in times of stress. Because the neuro-biolgoical pathways that handle stress as well as the cravings for the addicted drug of choice are closely linked, stress is a powerful motivator for relapse. Addressing this underlying stress with healthy responses over relapse is the goal of treatment of addiction. Therefore, inquiry into therapeutic modalities including cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as medication research is beneficial to relapse prevention. There is some good work in the field so far, but the problem remains. It is our hope certainly that with diligence, viable and effective solution effect for most of the addicted will be achieved. We’ve shown in this paper that addiction is prevalent in our country, affecting millions of people. Incidents of relapse are extremely high in cases of addiction. A consistent trigger for a relapse seems to be indulging the addiction in times of stress. Because the neuro-biolgoical pathways that handle stress as well as the cravings for the addicted drug of choice are closely linked, stress is a powerful motivator for relapse. Addressing this underlying stress with healthy responses over relapse is the goal of treatment of addiction. Therefore, inquiry into therapeutic modalities including...
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...Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Reaction Paper Denise Dugan California Baptist University Author Note This paper is being submitted to Dr. Kristen White in partial fulfillment for the requirements for MFT Counseling Techniques, PSY 525, on March 1, 2014. Abstract Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group therapy approach that utilizes mindfulness techniques and cognitive therapy for depression relapse prevention. This paper will reflect the effectiveness of MBCT from a personal worldview. It will also discuss if MBCT can be utilized in different areas of psychological treatment including: marriage and family therapy, patients with anxiety, culturally diverse groups, and in working with religious patients. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Reaction Paper Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group therapy treatment that integrates mindfulness and cognitive therapy practices to help individuals that suffer from recurrent depression in the prevention of depression relapse. Zindel Segal, John Teasdale, and Mark Williams developed MBCT, which was adapted from the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) work of Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center for helping people with chronic physical illnesses (Sipe & Eisendrath, 2011). The core element of this treatment modality is mindfulness. MBCT teaches focus on the here and now and to be mindful of the thoughts that are taking place. Mindfulness...
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...following questions: 1. What is suicide? 2. What are the manifestation of a person with suicidal behavior? 3. How is suicide prevented? C. Scope and Delimitations This study about the prevention of suicidal behavior will cover the prevention and the many causes of suicidal behavior as well as the circumstances that may lead to possible suicide attempt. However, in this paper, we will not be covering the therapy approaches for a person who’s already committed suicide. This research will also not cover the developmental factor that may lead to suicidal propensity. D. Significance of the Study This study will be beneficial to the following groups of people:...
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...autoimmune disorder. Autoimmunity is when the immune system reacts against normal occurring antigens; however, no specific antigen has been identified in MS leading experts into believing that MS is not an autoimmune disorder. (NMSS). The most common type of MS is Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS). About 85% of people who have MS, are initially diagnosed with RRMS. People with this type of MS have temporary periods called relapses, flare-ups or exacerbations which are attacks when new symptoms appear. An attack is followed by recovery when there is few or no signs of symptoms; this is called remission. Most people with RRMS will transition to Secondary-Progressive MS L. Pope 3 (SPMS) at some point. With SPMS, symptoms worsen progressively over time, with or without the occurrences of relapses or remissions. Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS) is uncommon...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG RELAPSE AMONG DRUG DEPENDENTS: BASIS FOR IMPROVED REHABILITATION SERVICES A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of Lourdes College Cagayan de Oro City In Partial Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Social Work Batuampar, Haya Bueno, Ma. Margarita Pates Kris CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction Drug abuse is a rampant social problem. Drug abusers are placed in rehabilitation centers that help the residents recover from abusing drugs. As stated in R.A 9165 Art. II Sec 15 “ A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a government center”, these residents are then reintegrated into the society after their rehabilitation. But sometimes, these residents turn back to using drugs and undergo relapse. Out of all drug users, 14.72% are readmitted into centers because they undergo relapse. (Dangerous Drug Board, 2012) Marlatt and other studies have shown that people who receive treatment for problematic drug and alcohol use are likely to return or ‘relapse’ to problematic use. In fact Marlatt and Denovan (2005) contend that many will have multiple episodes of abstinence and relapse. According to Marlatt in order for a person to undergo relapse he/she must first experience any high risk situations. The result whether he/she will relapse is able to cope and increase self-efficacy...
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...For instance, A 2012 meta-analysis of combination therapy concluded an antipsychotic plus lithium is superior to lithium monotherapy for acute mania.34 Olanzapine plus fluoxetine is approved for BPD.38 The APA has recommended combination therapy for severe acute mania since 2002.39 For relapse prevention, lithium plus valproate has also been shown to be superior to valproate monotherapy.36 When monotherapy is partially effective or non-effective, combination therapy may have a theoretical advantage in efficacy where complementary mechanisms of action might have a synergistic, potentiating therapeutic effect, imparting some ability to treat a greater spectrum of symptoms.31,34 A potential safety advantage may be gained by allowing lower dosages that may be better-tolerated, though the introduction of multiple drugs generally increases risk of safety...
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...DEPRESSIVE RELAPSE AND WHY SHOULD ATTENTIONAL CONTROL (MINDFULNESS) TRAINING HELP? J OHN D. TEASDALE, 1 ZINDEL SEGAL2 a n d J. MARK G. WILLIAMS3 ' MRC Applied Psychology Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 2EF, England, 2Clark Institute of Psychiatry, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, 3Department of Psychology, University College of North Wales (Received 12 November 1993; receivedfor publication 17 January 1994) S ummary--There is encouraging evidence that structured psychological treatments for depression, in p articular cognitive therapy, can reduce subsequent relapse after the period of initial treatment has been completed. However, there is a continuing need for prophylactic psychological approaches that can be administered to recovered patients in euthymic mood. An information-processing analysis of depressive m aintenance and relapse is used to define the requirements for effective prevention, and to propose mechanisms through which cognitive therapy achieves its prophylactic effects. This analysis suggests that similar effects can be achieved using techniques of stress-reduction based on the skills of attentional control t aught in mindfulness meditation. An information-processing analysis is presented of mindfulness and mindlessness, and of their relevance to preventing depressive relapse. This analysis provides the basis for the development of Attentional Control Training, a new approach to preventing relapse that integrates ...
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...Bio 242 AM Reading Report 1 May 29th, 2014 Paper reviewed: Woyach, J.A. et al. 2014. Resistance mechanisms for the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. NEMJ. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1400029 Summary of paper: Ibrutinib acts as an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) that induces a modest amount of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell apoptosis stopping B-cell receptor signaling and proliferation in vitro. Ibrutinib has been shown to have clinically significant activity in patients with relapsed CLL with 71% of patients having complete or partial response and 15-20% of patients having at least a partial response. Patients treated with Ibrutinib have a 75% progression-free survival rate. This paper investigated possible resistance mechanisms to Ibrutinib associated with mutations in BTK. Mutations were determined using whole-exome sequencing of baseline samples of patients with CLL and compared to whole-exome sequences of the patients after relapse. A cysteine-to-serine mutation in BTK at the biding site was found along with three gain-of-function mutations that are downstream from the BTK binding site that lead to autonomous B-cell receptor activity. Bias of paper: The paper was not biased. Research was funded by Funded by the National Cancer Institute and other institutions. No conflicts of interest were included in this paper. Conclusion supported? Mutations of BTK binding site and B-cell receptor pathways in this study suggest...
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...Introduction: Developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in 1983, the Trans-Theoretical Model is one of many popular theories, which is used to describe the event of changing a behavior. It is said that the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) is a theory of behavioral changes which "intentional behavior change is a process occurring in a series of stages, rather than a single event and that motivation is required for the focus, effort and energy needed to move through the stages” (Miller, W.R., Rollnick, S., 2002). What makes the Trans-Theoretical Model so unique, is that it describes how change occurs over time and not immeadiately. According to Prochaska & DiClemente (1983), this theory proposes that a person may progress through five stages of change when trying to modify their behaviors. In the first stage titled pre-contemplation, we have people who have no intentions of taking action, or wanting to change their behavior in the near future. Many peers suggest that the desire to change a behavior is usually measured within the next six months (Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992). Individuals in this stage are unaware or uninformed of the consequences of their behavior (Scholl, 2002), or they may have had a number of failed attempts and are reluctant to try again (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Prochaska et al. (1992), says the main component of pre-contemplation, is the person shows resistance to recognize or modify problem behavior. For an individual to move out of this stage...
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...disorders embraces a combination of pharmacological and psychological interventions. Psychoeducational methods are employed in clinical procedures for all mental health disorders and are critical to integrated health care (Bedell, Hunter & Corrigan, 2009). Creamer and O'Donnell (2008) refer to psychoeducation as education, which is specially targeted to psychological health and aims to produce changes in an individual’s knowledge, attitudes, and skills to improve health outcomes. This study is aimed at discussing what psychoeducation is, its role in clinical settings, its efficacy and how nurses figure in employing techniques attributed to psychoeducation. The study draws from evidence-based literature, including meta-analyses and research papers in the field. It is common practice to inform patients with any chronic disorder to be informed about their illness, prognosis and treatment. For instance, patients with diabetes will be educated on their treatment and how they can help manage the situation and not aggravate their condition. This concept is psychoeducation and is similarly rendered to patients dealing with mental health problems, albeit in different modes or techniques. Any type of intervention that educates patients and their families with the hope of improving their long-term outcome is classified as psychoeducation and is...
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... How Society and Nurses Affect the Roles of Nursing Introduction A nurse has many roles and parts to play in the daily routine of caring for patients. By examining the different roles of a nurse; health promoter, care provider; learner and teacher, we will see how nursing has evolved and how the philosophy of nursing changes. How these roles tie into society and into the symbiotic relationship between society at large and the nursing profession. The shift of healthcare to prevention, education, and the ever changing world of medicine, along with the realization that a nurse’s job is specialized, has tremendously affected the beliefs and ideas of the profession. Based on our textbook, research, and my personal experiences I will explore and clarify my philosophy of nursing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the fact that nursing is an ever-changing profession which society’s ideas and beliefs will impact, whether by necessity or through evolution. Health Promoter and Care Provider Health promotion or prevention is the latest hot topic in the healthcare arena. According 2 to Prochaska, J. and DiClemente, C. (1992), the nursing strategies for health behavior change are Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action and Maintenance touch on every different type of nurse and show a need for growth. While providing hands on care, the nurse “raises the client’s awareness of healthy behaviors”. This could be the role of a hospital nurse, clinical nurse or a home healthcare...
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...Running Head: COMMUNITY REINFORCEMENT APPROACH Community Reinforcement Approach Health Data by Sabrina Morton A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Health Care Policy and Applied Economics The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) is a comprehensive behavioral program developed by behaviorists Nathan Azrin and George Hunt. The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), originally developed for individuals with alcohol use disorders, focuses on the management of substance-related behaviors and other disrupted life areas for treating substance-abuse problems. It is based on the belief that environmental contingencies can play a powerful role in encouraging or discouraging substance abuse. To provide an alcoholic with the incentive to quit drinking, CRA has the following two major goals: (1) Elimination of positive reinforcement for drinking; and (2) Enhancement of positive reinforcement for sobriety. Accordingly, it utilizes social, recreational, familial, and vocational reinforcers to support change in an individual's drinking or drug using behaviors and assist consumers in the recovery process. The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) focuses on the management of substance-related behaviors and other disrupted life areas. In essence, the goal of CRA is to help individuals obtain knowledge of and embrace a meaningful and healthy way of life that is more rewarding than one filled with alcohol or drug misuse. This comprehensive...
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...Major Depressive Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Argosy University Abnormal Psychology Brandy Rhodes 12/08/11 Abstract: Major depression disorder is a wide and complex disorder than many Americans suffer from. This paper will review the research and material of major depression disorder and the effective treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy. Although there are several types of therapy available to treat depression and other mood disorders, CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) has been one of the most widely used and thought to be very effective in treating the disorder. First the paper will review what the disorder is and the criteria needed to diagnosis one with major depressive disorder and then we will take a look at how CBT helps the client overcome the signs and symptoms of the disorder. Lastly the paper will follow up with why CBT is thought to effective with treating major depressive disorder. Major Depressive Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Many clients’ that are seen in today’s clinics suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD) which is one of the most common disorders. “Major depressive disorder has a life time prevalence of 15.8 % (Mor and Haran, 2009). Many times MDD is characterized by early onset with development occurring throughout the life span. MDD is a disorder characterized by extreme depressed mood that lasts at least 2 weeks and includes cognitive symptoms such as feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and indecisiveness;...
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...Abnormal Psychology - Depression Liberty University Abstract This paper explores depression in abnormal psychology through literature focusing on its history, causes, treatment, prevention, cross-cultural issues, and a Biblical worldview. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has various categories of depression, and it offers particular criteria for the treatment of the different forms of depression. The introduction gives the reader an overview of depression and how it influences the health of an individual in a negative manner. Through its historical context, it is possible to review the progress mankind has made in coming up with effective ways of dealing with depression. Under causes, depression is indicated as being caused by various environmental, psychological, and biological factors. Treating depression necessitates timely medical attention, but it can be prevented through ideal health habits such as exercise and relaxation. Various cross-cultural issues about depression are highlighted, with Christianity offering a spiritual insight into the causes and treatment of depression. Keywords: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), bipolar disorder, neurotransmitters, antidepressants, psychotherapy, cross-cultural diagnostics Introduction Under abnormal psychology, depression is considered a serious illness with a negative influence on both the mental and physical health of an individual. Depression influences...
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...Drugs A Term Paper Presented to: Mrs. Nora H. Cubal Mati School of Arts and Trades City of Mati, Davao Oriental In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in English IV Presented by: Niño F. Sugaan IV-Zamora S.Y. 2012-2013 Table of Contents I- Introduction A. Statement of the Problem B. Significance of the Study C. Definition of Terms II- Discussion A. What is Drugs? B. Reasons why there are drug addicts C. How drug affects the personality of the user D. Drug addiction treatment III- Summary IV- Suggestion V- Bibliography Acknowledgements First of all I would like to acknowledge to my parents , teachers and classmates for their support and cooperation which help me in completion with this project and I would like to express my special gratitude to the industry for giving me such attention and time. My thanks and appreciation also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with the use of their abilities I- Introduction A drug is a substance which may have medicinal, intoxicating, performance enhancing or other effects when taken or put into a human body or the body of another animal and is not considered a food or exclusively a food. What is considered a drug rather than a food varies between cultures, and distinctions between drugs and foods and between kinds of drug are enshrined...
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