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Reli

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Moderne sharia
Jens Forman: Muslimernes religion. s. 49-55.
Hvem har ret til at definere sharia og hvad omfatter sharia – fire idealtyper. | Traditionalisme | Sekularisme | Modernisme | Fundamentalisme | Forholdet til den vestlige verden | Ignorer den vestlige verden og ser den som værende vantro. | Sekularisterne efterligner den vestlige verden. | Kritiske overfor den vestlige verdens indflydelse. Afviser den dog ikke, men islam skal stadig være den grundlæggendesamfundsværdi i et samfund. | Kritiserer de vestlige værdier, de tager afstand. | Forholdet til lovskolerne | Fastholder lovskolerne. | Afviser lovskolerne, da der menes, at den enkelte selv skal fortolke koranen. | Modernisterne mener ikke at lovskolerne skal have monofon på at definere islam og hajdith. Lovskolerne skal inspirere de politiske ledere, så samfundet stadigvæk har en islamisk påvirkende lovgivning. | Lovskolerne er falske, og de vil have islam tilbage til sine rødder, hvor man følger hadith og koranen. | Sharia skal styre | Sharia skal styrke tro, moral, søjler, spiseregler, familielov, påklædning og i mindre grad straffelov og statsrret. | Sharia skal styre tro og morale. | De mener, at det er individuel, der skal gøre og gældende, men samtidig så mener de, at koranen skal definere samfundets lovgivning. Bortset fra når vi kommer til straffelovene. | Sharia skal styre alt, inklusiv love. | Indadvendt/udadvendt islam | Indadvendt, da den fokusere på den individuelle og den familieorienterede vejledning | Det er en indadvendt islam, da det ikke ksal være et samfundsprojekt. | Indadvendt hvad angår privatsfære, men den er primær udadvendt, da de mener, at sharia skal inspirere samfundslove. | Udadvendt, vil omvende resten af verden til shaira. | Typer af muslimer | Konservative muslimer eks. Saudi Arabien. | Kulturmuslimer, demokratiske muslimer (og suffer) fx nasa khadar. | Kritiske muslimer moderate muslimer
Progressive muslimer og liberale muslimer. | Radikale islamister, Jihadister, |

FaktaboksKalif: ”Stedfortræder”Den person, der overtog ledelsen af det muslimske samfund efter Muhammeds død i 632.Politisk og religiøs leder – samfundet skulle dermed ledes i overensstemmelse med islam.Kalifat: Betegnelsen for den institution, hvorunder kaliffen udøvede sin ledelse.Der har eksisteret en række kalifater. Den seneste var det osmaniske kalifat, der blev opløst i 1924 ved det osmaniske riges fald. |

Opgave:
Læs de tre tekster af Moustapha Kassen, Hizb-ut-Tharir og Sherin Kankan. a) Hvordan forholder de sig hver især til forholdet mellem stat og islam – og sharias plads i samfundet?
Sharia er foreneligt med de europæiske samfund: . Khankan mener, at sharia er demokratisk og derfor godt kan sameksistere med dansk lovgivning. Han mener, at sekularisering ikke er lig med a religiøsitet og at muslimer derfor godt kan integrere sig i Europa, selv hvis islam ikke afpolitiseres. For mange muslimer er troen en offentlig sag og derfor burde religionen være i samspil med politikken i form af dialog. Han mener, kort sagt at sharia skal være mere offentligt og ikke så individuelt.
Sharia er foreneligt med de europæiske samfund: Det er sekual

Moustapha Kassem: Han mener, at sharia ikke skal have nogen form i politik eller samfundet, da der ikke står noget i koranen om politiske teorier. Derfor er det individuelt for musklerne, hvilken statsform de foretrækker.
Moustapha Kassem: Sekularisering, fordi det er indadvendt.

Hizb ut-Tahrirs mål: Genoptagelsen af den islamiske levemåde.

1. Placer dem inden for de fire idealtyper – er teksten udtryk for en traditionel, modernistisk, sekulær eller fundamentalistisk tilgang til islam? Og hvordan kommer det til udtryk i teksten?

Hizb ut-Tahrirs mål: Fundamentalis, fordi han mener, at alle andre verdenslove skal omvende til sharia.
→ Hvad giver de tre tekster anledning til at tale om?

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