...Comparing Renaissance vs Impressionism The beginning of the Renaissance, if asked in a question you may end up with an argument on your hands. Many believe the time frame is too difficult to track, that someone just tossed out a date in history and said, “This is when the Renaissance began and ended” and that time frame is 1300s to 1700s. However, some people believe it believe that it began at the precise year of 1401 and ended in the late 1600s. Either way they Renaissance period began after the Middle Ages when many countries were struggling with their economies, and there were gaps between the upper class and lower class populace. “First, as Petrarch sees it, the Middle Ages has an entirely negative quality. It is defined by what it is not. It is not the classical age; it is not the rebirth; it is the bare space in between. It is a time without light, without fortune, without learning. It has no positive existence. Things without positive existence are darned hard to define. Or defend. It (Middle Ages) ends when the Renaissance begins.”(Bauer, 2013) At the beginning of the Renaissance, stories in history tell us that it was a time of awakening and growth for people who are known by their art. Not only is art a major part of the Renaissance, but there was also a change in the point of views on life, religion and science. What was the “norm” before the Renaissance was now a thing of the past. Churches were split, and ex-members were now forming new churches with new ideas...
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...Medieval ages vs Renaissance. The mid-14th century marked the beginning of a transition between the Medieval and Modern times. This transition we now known as the Renaissance. The movement initiated in Italy and incorporated almost all aspects of life starting with intellect and politics and reflecting in architecture and art. In Italian “Renaissance” literally means “awakening” or “rebirth”. (Cliff’s Notes, 2013). The Middle ages were thought to be really invented by Renaissance. People of the 14th century were feeling like they were “coming out of the darkness”. Since those dark and dirty centuries left behind didn’t really deserve to be called any special name they just called them ‘the age in between”. We now realize that those ages were also innovative and in it’s 1000 years or so Europe took on the shape and features we know today. “In the lawless age people looked for immediate solutions to immediate problems: how to beat back the enemy, how to rebuild the working economy, how to stay alive. Until, out of anarchy, a new social order was put together that would restructure Europe – the Middle ages.” The medieval art of the Western world covers an enormous range of time and place, over 1000 years of art in Europe, and at times the Middle East and North Africa. Generally we say that medieval art lasted from 5th to 14th centuries. It includes major art movements and periods and the artists themselves. Art historians try to classify medieval art into major periods...
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...RIWT Task 1 Classic, classical, and classicism are all words that describe the historical period, quality of a literature, music or artistic style associated with the appealing achievements of Greco-Roman civilization. Classical art is based on the aesthetic and philosophical principles established by Greco-Roman civilization. Classic art generally refers to a high regard for classical antiquity. Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark said “classicism (or the classical era) portrays widely accepted ideal forms of art in various ways” (Clark, 1956, p.146). In the classical period there was a revolution in Greek sculptures (related with the introduction of democracy). Classic is simply any ancient imitation or use of the principles of ancient Greek and Roman classical art and literature. The Classical period saw many changes in style and sculptures and developed its own characteristics that differentiate the era from others. Artists valued balance and harmony in their paintings; figures were usually more perfect in the piece of art as compared to reality. {For example, poses became more naturalistic; statues even began to depict real people and nude came in for the first time in the late classical period (mid-4th century)}. Figures’ bodies appeared to be quite active leading people to develop the belief that the figures were actually moving. They were also portrayed doing tasks from everyday life. Although classical art magnificently depicted motion and activities as well as perfect...
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...From the Middle Ages through the Renaissance Brandi Morris American Intercontinental University Introduction Renaissance Art emerged as a cultural transformation which took place with the beginning of 14th Century. It was originated in France and brought historical art changes which subsequently marked a fine line between Middle Ages and Modern Age. Renaissance art was later identified as the return of Roman and Greek Art culture since it had focused over the humanism and reformation (Woods, 2007). This paper aims to compare two different art works of renaissance in order to identify their differences and similarities. The Portrait of Durer’s Father at 70 by Albrecht Durer, 1497. Material: oil on paint Size: 51×40cm Form It has two dimensions which have used different materials the most prominent ones are the oil on panel. The oil and lime painting process has been utilized in order to make this distinguishing piece of art (Examples of Renaissance works of art by artists born after 1469, 2010). There is a striking combination of black, brown, font, pink and red. Overall painting is made with the help of thin lines, for instance, the reflection of 70 years old man is clearly visible through the thin lines of his hairs and wrinkles on the face. The straight rectangular shape of the portrait has given it a more realistic and admirable look. Durer has used engraving texture techniques so as to give the portrait a more pragmatic appearance. Thin lines of Durer’s father...
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...and in the government. The church ran everything in return made it very powerful and controlling. Since the church was so powerful and controlling, people had faith in it and were willing to devote time and money to the church. Throughout the Renaissance the power of the church began to decline rapidly. Although the role of the church changed throughout the Renaissance it was the base to everything in this time period, such as art, literature, poetry, science, and philosophy. Art was being controlled by the church during and before the Italian Renaissance. Every piece of art had to go through the church and be approved. A lot of the art from the 16th century has the bible or something religious in it because the church was controlling the art. As the church began to lose power, the style of art began...
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...Gothic: The Evangelical Cathedral In Sibiu [pic] The artwork is very much 3dimensional and the materials used to complete this project are not really known but it is constructed with a gothic style characterized with arched bolts on the walls and tombstones. The colors used are pretty simple, built with a 13th century theme. Its measures include 73.34 meters in height and is well known as the largest building built in Romania and also verified as the highest cathedral in the country. The uses of value, line, shape and value are very much similar to the same styles due to the fact of the way that the cathedral is built. The towers are all symmetrical to each other and each stone is the same size all around so that gives its shape also a well round symmetrical look throughout the whole outside of the cathedral. The arts subject matter of the cathedral was intended on a creation of a historic landmark. Built in the place of Romanesque building from the 12th century, but the entire structure depicts influences from central Europe. The artwork can be known as representational because it represents a landmark towards central Europe. Its structure is surrounded and built upon statues and monuments which exist of great value, also due to the fact the cathedral was renovated and constructed over due time shows its importance towards past and future references. This work of art represents a gothic architect in Transylvania which it was built in 1520, this cathedral...
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...UNIT 2 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT HUMA215 by Kendra M Hutchins AIU Online Abstract Before our modern day , Latin was spoken among the most educated. Written literature was in Latin. The origins of language is an important aspect of our culture. We write and speak to get points across. The President of the United States makes his arguments to the Senate and other countries by using English. If we were in the period of time, everything important would be in Latin. The journey of language was not an overnight change. Other languages also help shape our language as we know it now. I often wonder where languages come from. Not such different dialactes that come with different areas of the United States. But during the origins of language with its spread from culture to culture came changes. Now that there is a different means to communicate, people may not agree with one another. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, the term vernacular can be defined as using a language that is native to a country or province rather than a cultured, foreign, or literary language (Merriam-Webster, 2011). These languages would one day be known as Portuguese, French, Spanish, Italian, and etc. The vernacular languages would also be considered as the large family of contemporary “Romance” languages. Before the twelfth century, Latin was the major language that was used. Especially by writers, This means all of the books were in Latin. This is how teachings and traditions were passed...
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...History 101 The Renaissance paved the way for numerous other eras such as The Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution and The Enlightenment. The Renaissance brought on the idea of Individualism and how educating yourself and believing in yourself could make a better world. The Renaissance helped change personal views of one’s self and the world. The Renaissance is portrayed by a number of different ideas about Life and humanity, some of which are Individualism, secularism, and humanism. Individualism was a noteworthy concept that came about during the Renaissance era. It put emphasis on personality, uniqueness, genius, and developing one’s capabilities and talents. Recognizing individual efforts and then becoming known beyond the local areas began to grow during the renaissance. Artist started to sign their work so they could gain fame far from their own areas. This was different because in the middle Ages artist painted to glorify God, so that did not require an artist to sign their work. During the Renaissance the artist wanted to be known for being an individual and not to just contribute to a group (religion). Also during the Renaissance there was more attention to the development of the individual where education was concerned. The Importance of learning all intellectual areas as well as becoming knowledgeable about physical actions was a new development during the Renaissance. During the Renaissance you could become educated in many different areas this was...
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...it very powerful and controlling. Since the church was so powerful and controlling, people had faith in it and were willing to devote time and money to the church. Throughout the Renaissance the power of the church began to decline rapidly. Although the role of the church changed throughout the Renaissance it was the base to everything in this time period, such as art, literature, poetry, and government, etc. Since the role of the church changed during the Renaissance everything the church was involved in also changed. Art was being controlled by the church during and before the Italian Renaissance. Every piece...
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...Why was Socrates regarded as a man of virtue? Why was Socrates regarded as a man of virtue? Socrates: Man of Virtue (470-399 B.C.E.) Socrates proposed the theory of value in which there are two sorts of good: virtue and happiness. Both are unconditional goods. But happiness is a "self-generated" good in that it "derives its value strictly from its inherent properties;" whereas virtue is an "other-generated" good in that it derives its value from happiness, precisely from its conduciveness to happiness. Virtue is an instinct in all humanity which can be aroused through self-examination. This universal truth is accessible to everyone who thinks and question. Socrates assumes that any person with whom he talks has the resource to answer his question correctly, that is, that no specialist knowledge is required. Socrates thought that knowledge is virtue, and virtue leads to happiness. It makes sense to think that moral people know what morality is. If you know right from wrong, then you might be able to choose to do what you know to be right. It also makes some sense to suspect that our beliefs about right and wrong influence our decisions. If we believe its right to help a drowning child, then it would be fairly shocking to decide not to do so—and it would less surprising when we decide to help the child. It is quite a shocking statement to say that virtue always leads to happiness. Criminals commit crimes that hurt others to help themselves. To think that their crimes would...
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...contemporary attitudes to cultural outsiders in 'Othello' and The Merchant of Venice? In the plays the Merchant of Venice and Othello, Shakespeare explores the effects of racial oppression and attitudes to race in general. The idea of cultural outsiders is one of the main themes present in the plays. 'Culture' is the customs and social behaviour of particular groups of people and societies and an outsider is a person who does not belong in a particular situation, organisation or community. This definition relates to both Othello and Shylock as throughout the play we see them as victims of prejudice and injustice because of their cultural differences. In the play Othello, Shakespeare expresses the culture outsider, Othello himself in this instance. As a moor. The term Moor means a person or persons of an African descent. During the renaissance time period there were various stigmas attached to 'moors' and other cultural outsiders. Leo Africanus wrote a book named 'the history and description of Africa (1526)' where he portrayed Moors as being extremely prideful. 'Subject unto Jealousy; who would rather lose their lives than put up any disgrace on behalf of the women.' This is ironic and would lead one to believe Shakespeare reinforced Africanus' ideology in the tragic ending of Othello. Shakespeare also reinforces contemporary attitudes to Jews through the protagonist Shylock. During the 1600’s Jews were extremely disliked and according to Peter Gintro were ‘usurious, cunning...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Milestone 2 Structured Draft Evolution of Stained Glass through the Ages Marina Keenan Southern NH University FAS-201 Introduction to Humanities Professor Peter Sukonek February 2, 2015 Glass making is thought to have originated with the Phoenicians during the Mesopotamian Era around 3500 BCE. People were creating with glass even prior to this by using naturally occurring class like obsidian. Obsidian was a common material for weapons, jewelry and considered to be a currency. Initially glass was difficult to make. People were still working on the tools and techniques needed to create glass. In the first century BC the glass blowpipe was invented. This discovery revolutionized the glass making techniques, it was now faster, easier and cheaper to make. From there glass making and glass art spread throughout Europe and Northern Africa. The making of colored glass has also been around since ancient times. This process was also thought to have been born by Mesopotamians. Glass is made in colors by adding metals to the mix. Although the art of exact color making was not known until the 8th century when a Persian Chemist, Jabir ibn Hayyan created 46 recipes for creating colored glass. The oxidation of the metals is what ultimately results in the colored glass. The specific art of stained glass windows came about in ancient Roman times. Ancient Romans glazed glass into windows. The used blowing techniques to spin discs and made glass cylinders. The glass...
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...The Classical and Renaissance art periods are two of the most important and celebrated art periods in our history. The two periods were alike in many ways with only a few differences setting them apart. In the end, the Renaissance was a “rebirth” of the Classical art style, architecture and beliefs. The Classical period was a time of spectacular architecture, philosophical pondering, and human development; taking place between 500 – 323 BC, Ancient Greece enjoyed wealth and power. The arts, literature, and drama thrived. The Classical Period made world changing discoveries in medicine, mathematics, physics, and astronomy. The city of Athens, one of the most powerful and influential cities in the Classical period introduced the world to Democracy and has shaped today’s western governments. Some of the philosophers of the Classical Period have become the most well known philosophers know to man today and have had influence on Western thought and civilization. To this day the teachings of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are still pondered today. Classical art focused mainly on five forms: architecture, sculpture, pottery, painting, and music. Ancient Greece was dominated by religion. This resulted in the temples being big and beautiful. The Classical period brought change in the style of sculptures. The Greeks believed in humanism and their art displayed this. The Greeks took great pride in the importance of the individual in society in the forms of art, philosophy and government...
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...Donatello depicted David as a symbol what can be accomplished by even the smallest entity. His character and story have been interpreted and re-interpreted by many artists in different mediums. Donatello was was born in Florence in 1386. He was an early Renaissance artist who lived at the end of the Dark Ages. He is known as the artist whose work officially began the Italian Renaissance (“David”). Donatello was first introduced to Roman sculpture when he visited Rome with his master, Brunelleschi (“Donatello”). It was there that he carefully studied classical Roman sculptures. The studies he preformed in Rome greatly influenced him the rest of his life. He is known for making the first sculptures with classical influence after the Dark Ages. The influence of his Roman studies is shown in the natural flow of the statue, something which is not seen in any art of the Dark Ages. Michelangelo was born to a middle class banking family on March 6, 1475 in Caprese, Italy. When he was still a young man, his mother become deathly ill and was sent to live with stone cutters where he later stated, “"With my wet-nurse's milk, I sucked in the hammer and chisels I use for my statues." (“Michelangelo”). He was a famous late Renaissance sculptor and painter. He originally was apprenticed to a painter but soon found himself studying sculpture in the famous Medici gardens...
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...one that describes how four elements are noticeable in disease deterioration, while the anatomical theory describes how our insides show us what disease is what, now the germ theory basically brings about the fact that bacteria is one of the leading causes for disease. All three of these theories are different in style as well as theory, but similar in many ways as well. They all come together with one common purpose, to find the disease and rid the human body of it. Now, let us get into more detail about the humoral theory a bit. What is so humorous about a disease? Nothing, because disease is no laughing matter, but something that is a fun fact is how the humoral disease came about. The humoral disease started out about the four elements: Earth, Air , Fire, and Water. What I feel is a bit comical is who brought together the humoral theories, Greeks during the Renaissance era. They felt that if one of the four elements in a persons body was out of balance, then whatever physically happened was the cause and not something internally. How they determined the roles of the elements was a breakdown like so: Sanquine-blood-liver-air; Choleric-yellow bile-spleen-fire; Phlegmatic-phlegm-lungs-water; and last Melancholic-black bile-gall bladder-earth. These breakdowns were once very popular in disease recognition, but for now in modern times, do seem a bit humorous. So, onward to...
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