...MERVE DENİZ 13735009 How the Renaissance, Reformation and Nation-States Contributed to the Concept of European Identity? 1. Introduction I would like to study the connection between the material culture that sprang to life after the Reformation in Europe and the urbanization that came with the Industrial Revolution in order to see if or if not it had any effects on constituting the European Identity. Starting first with analyzing the material culture of which the Italian Renaissance movement and then the Reformation planted its seeds, I want to follow the dynamics of social changes that slowly transformed the life in Europe from peasantry with only the Christian identity to nation-state citizenship with a European notion. In order to understand how the Industrial Revolution that started in the 19th century and spreaded across the continent affected Europe, it is first required to analyze the changes in the mentality of people that lived in Europe and the transformation the societies went through as a result of the Protestant Reformation that took place in the 16th century. Although the Industrial Revolution had basically been a drastic economic upheaval, it cannot be considered without its social causes and social results. How the humanist mindset that came up with the Renaissance had affected the daily lives of people and how this effect helped people to search for improvements in working and production have been widely discussed...
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...Unit 3 Individual Project Art Appreciation HUMA 205 June 25, 2013 Abstract I will attempt to compare and contrast two pieces of art work from the renaissance period. Out of our textbook I chose a piece by Masaccio, The Holy Trinity. The piece of art I chose from a website is from Leonardo da Vinci called Madonna and Child. Both pieces of art are masterpieces of the early renaissance period. Renaissance Paintings and the Artists For many Europeans the renaissance was a period of achievement and worldwide exploration. It was a time of discovery. A time of new and renewed understanding that changed the medieval times and laid the foundation for modern society. Masaccio became the first major painter of the Italian Renaissance. He greatly influenced the art of painting in the renaissance. He moved Italian painting away from the idealizations of Gothic art and presenting his work as a more profound, natural, and humanist world. The Holy Trinity was the last painting he did and is considered one of his greatest masterpieces. Masaccio constructed his masterpiece with simplicity and naturalistic, three dimensionality. (The Holy Trinity by Masaccio, nd) The Holy Trinity was one of the first paintings Masaccio used the linear perspective. Linear perspective is a mathematical system used for creating three dimensional shapes and figures on a flat surface. He used perspective to make the illusion of three dimensions. The perspective lines draw the viewer...
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...Sabucor I. Introduction II. Presentation of Data III. Conclusion IV. Insights Gained V. References I. Introduction Drama Throughout the middle ages, drama and theater only dealt with sacred subjects, such as biblical stories. Profane drama was either unheard of or only performed in burlesque. Classical dramatists were virtually unheard of in the middle ages. All the great dramatists of antiquity, such as the Greek playwrights Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripides, and the Roman comedy writers such as Plautus and Terence, were only discovered by humanists in the Renaissance. Although classical drama is more read and studied in the modern period than other classical literature, in the Renaissance it was a distinct last place to epic poetry, lyric poetry, and philosophy. So drama isn't well represented in Renaissance literature. The first dramatist to imitate classical models in Italy was Giangiorgio Trissino, who was a wealthy humanist with an encyclopedic knowledge. Among other things, he was famous as a Neoplatonic philosopher and poet. He, like many others, attempted to write an epic poem, L'Italia liberata dai Goti (Italy Liberated from the Goths) which, though it's a poem about Justinian's reconquest of Italy, is mainly an encyclopedia of Trissino's knowledge of every possible subject, including mathematics and architecture. He wrote the first Italian tragedy, Sofonisba , in 1514; although it caused a sensation, tragedy...
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...Anthony Migliore Professor White Themes of Modern History 27 February 2015 The Renaissance The Renaissance, literally meaning “rebirth”, was a time of great change from the previous era of history. The Renaissance is a rebirth of Greco-Roman culture and ideas that differ greatly from the medieval way of thinking. During this period of time there were intellectual, artistic, and educational advances that were seen as a bridge between the middle ages and the modern era. A great number of Renaissance advancements can be credited to a few “Renaissance men” who achieved revolutionary things in many fields. A Renaissance man is a term defined as “a person with many talents or areas of knowledge” and, unsurprisingly, there were many of these men during the Renaissance. A well-known Renaissance man is Leonardo Da Vinci who was a painter, engineer, mathematician, and many more things that make him a renaissance man. Da Vinci embodied the characteristics of the Renaissance in his artistic works and paintings. One such characteristic is the Greek technique of linear perspective. Linear perspective was a Greco-Roman way of painting that seems to have been lost during the middle ages. Linear perspective is a much more advanced method of painting that results in a strikingly realistic image if used in the hands of a skilled painter such as Da Vinci. Linear perspective involves tracing all images in the painting to connect to one point in terms of angular position. Using this technique...
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...In the Renaissance, Masaccio brought Giotto had begun, back to light which was the monumental figures, a realistic relationship between figures and landscape, and visual representation of the laws of perspective. With all of this, a new realistic of painting was conformed. His massive, three-dimensional human figures inspired other Florentine painters. Other Florentine painters adopted and changed this new Renaissance style. With this development growing, the experiment went in two directions. One stressed the mathematical side, working out the laws of perspective and the organization of outdoor space and light by geometry and perspective. And the second stressed the investigation of movement and anatomical structure. The realistic portrayal...
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...What kind of hierarchies do we encounter in the study of art from 1400-1600? Ideas of the Renaissance The hierarchical phenomenon operating between the years 1400-1600 shaped and organised Renaissance society, heavily defining codes of conduct and correct communal correlations. What’s more, it was a comprehensive and widespread concept that manifested from various angles in Italian Renaissance art. Hierarchical influence can be encountered when considering the contention between several aspects of Renaissance art, and the bearing this classification and ranking process had on the canon of art history was considerable given the periods place in it. Specifically, this ladder of position operated within the competitive frameworks between the liberal and mechanical arts, Early Renaissance and High Renaissance artists, male and female artists, patrons and their employees in the practice of patronage, genres of art works, and painters and sculptors. When trying to understand how a period is structured and works as a whole, consideration of the hierarchies operating within it reveal some clear points of focus. Societies generally work on a ‘pyramid of prestige’, and Renaissance Italy followed this rule. Each societal member had a place, and was expected to fully understand the boundaries this position placed upon them. Societal roles were clear, and every person was conscious of their social standing, whether it be that they were higher or lower than the next person...
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...Inigo Jones (15 July 1573 – 21 June 1652) often called the first English Architect and one of the most important English Renaissance architects. Jones appears in the architectural landscape to change the British style and design becoming therefore, the architect responsible for introducing the classical architecture of Rome and the Italian Renaissance to Britain. Broadly conceived, it can be said that this self-taught son of a Smithfield (a cloth maker), had an enormous impact on British art and architecture. His approach to the architectural profession was not in the traditional way, there is not much known about his early life or education. However, there is an important event in his life that changed his lifetime. This is...
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...Running head; Bramante Bramante October 13, 2012 Bramante The High Renaissance was full of artists that had amazing ideas and among those artist was Donato D’ Angelo Bramante, who is actually know for bring the value of ancient architecture into the time of the Renaissance. In the eyes of people today he is known to be the founder of the High Renaissance architectural design. In my paper I will tell you a little about him, give examples of his work and explain how his architecture helped to change the Renaissance. Donato D’ Angelo Bramante, was “Born in Urbino and trained as a painter (perhaps by Piero Della Francesca), Bramante went to Milan in 1481 and, like Leonardo, stayed there until the French arrived in 1499. In Milan, he abandoned painting to become one of his generation’s most renowned architects. Under the influence of Filippo Brunelleschi, Leon Battista Alberti, and perhaps Leonardo, all of whom strongly favored the art and architecture of classical antiquity, Bramante developed the High Renaissance form of the central-plan church.” (Kleiner. F, 2010 p.g. 475). Bramante’s architectural style, based on ancient Roman models, was consistent with the humanistic values of the day. (Kleiner.F, 2010 p.g.475) He’s known for what he wanted his perspective to be and achieving it. Bramante used misconception in features of his paintings and stage settings to create...
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...The Church was a powerful institution for the community and leaders of Renaissance Florence in numerous ways. Unifying the community in times of prosperity as well as in times of need. Respected by the people of Florence, the Church was able to use their support. Using examples from The Chronicle of Giovanni Villani, I will show how the Church was prominent in the life of the people of fourteenth century Renaissance Florence. The Church was a valuable component in bringing the community together. For example, as Giovanni Villani writes in his chronicle,“... The citizens agreed to renew their leading church, which was a rude affair and small for such a municipality.” (36). The Cathedral was important for the people of Florence. They had just...
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...Unit 3 Individual Project Art Appreciation HUMA 205 June 25, 2013 Abstract I will attempt to compare and contrast two pieces of art work from the renaissance period. Out of our textbook I chose a piece by Masaccio, The Holy Trinity. The piece of art I chose from a website is from Leonardo da Vinci called Madonna and Child. Both pieces of art are masterpieces of the early renaissance period. Renaissance Paintings and the Artists For many Europeans the renaissance was a period of achievement and worldwide exploration. It was a time of discovery. A time of new and renewed understanding that changed the medieval times and laid the foundation for modern society. Masaccio became the first major painter of the Italian Renaissance. He greatly influenced the art of painting in the renaissance. He moved Italian painting away from the idealizations of Gothic art and presenting his work as a more profound, natural, and humanist world. The Holy Trinity was the last painting he did and is considered one of his greatest masterpieces. Masaccio constructed his masterpiece with simplicity and naturalistic, three dimensionality. (The Holy Trinity by Masaccio, nd) The Holy Trinity was one of the first paintings Masaccio used the linear perspective. Linear perspective is a mathematical system used for creating three dimensional shapes and figures on a flat surface. He used perspective to make the illusion of three dimensions. The perspective lines draw the viewer...
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...Western civilization has evolved through the works of many people, as well as techniques and methods used during this period. In particular, art has given the representation of this time, which is portrayed by each artist in different ways. One of the most significant figures in western art is Michelangelo. Some of his most famous works include the painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, his sculptures of The Pietà and David. Through his significant art pieces and sculptures, Michelangelo has widely influenced western civilization. Because of his contributions, he defined western art and he represented the Renaissance time period. Michelangelo was born in Caprese, Italy, on March 6, 1475. When he was young, his parents noticed...
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...Michelangelo My project is on Michelangelo the greatest artist of the Renaissance. Michelangelo was a sculptor, architect, poet and painter. In fact Michelangelo did not want to be a painter he would rather become a sculptor. He had been bribed by the pope but we will get into that later. Later in life i figured he liked art he wanted to do some more of it so he did. Michelangelo's life was very busy, by the age 25 he had already won best sculptor in Italy and had created many masterpieces all around the world. There was a few ups and downs for him. In 1508 Michelangelo was bribed by Pope Julius the second to paint the Sistine Chapel.3.Furiously 6.He refused at first. 5. Although he refused at first Michelangelo spent 4 years working on the...
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...The studies of the humanists during the Renaissance gave artists of the times the freedom and the wisdom the express themselves with more intellect, clarity, personality and emotional understanding than had ever been seen before. Towards the middle of the 14th Century a new way of thinking was beginning to emerge and take a hold on society, A way which let people express themselves with a clarity unseen Since the fall of the Roman Empire and the dark days of the Middle Ages, a great time of reform and education was on the brink of exploding onto the scene. This was the beginning of what we now know as the Renaissance the ‘Rebirth’ and the new way of thinking would later be referred to as Humanism. The Renaissance was one of the great intellectual ages of European culture at its height during the 15th and 16th century there were many amazing new developments amongst many areas including painting, sculpture, architecture, literature, education medicine science including many more of mans intellectual and educated pursuits, the main center of this revolution was classical Italy although later spreading throughout Europe to infiltrate all facets of European culture The Renaissance saw creation of different attitudes towards life and different ways of thinking. After spending hundreds of years in the depths of the Middle ages a time when human progress and achievement slowed to a trickle, Western Civilization blurred and there was a great period of cultural decline, society...
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...Diversity of patrons meant diversity of art. Diversity of patrons meant diversity of art. Artists were commissioned by people from all areas of life and the art would reflect the diverse needs of the patrons. New motives emerged after iconoclasm spread throughout Europe in the new form of naturalistic style in still life, landscape and scenes of daily life. One example of this new motives is this painting “Landscape with Charon Crossing the Styx“ which is common Northern Renaissance art and early Mannerist by being both naturalistic and inspired by the painter Bosch.The painting depicts a scene from greek mythology where Charon sails on the river Styx with the souls of the dead to either hell to the right or to heaven to the left (Landscape, n.d.)....
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...The idea of art has been guided by human psychological necessities and an understanding of life been escorted by religious beliefs. Throughout human history, it is easily visible the effect that human desire to define their existence have had in the development of art, social hierarchies and moral principles. High Renaissance (1490 - 1527) and Italian Baroque (late 16th century - early 18th century) are period styles greatly influence by occurrences at the time. Michelangelo’s Moses is an immense representative of the High Renaissance styles, as well as, Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s Apollo and Daphne for The Italian Baroque Style. We are going to explore both artworks, comparing and contrasting the meaning behind their existence, their respective cultural and historical events as an influence on their individual time period. Initially, in 1505 Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo Buonarroti to build his tomb. Michelangelo consenting, dedicated 6 months choosing marble at Carrara, for his initial massive design which in theory was to have 40 statues. The project was postponed due to a lack of funds, and a new commission by the Pope, rumored to be the...
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