...My topic is on the HPA activation in response to stress and its side effects on the body, both short and long term. Stress in something we’ve all experienced and although many of us are aware of how it affects us in the moment, we often don’t think about the long term physically, physiological, and neurological affects is has on our bodies. As a psychology major, the HPA axis is something I’ve encountered in many of my courses and although I understand the basics of it and some of its long term effects; I find the need to explore this into further depths in order to understand how it affects someone in my position, a college student. Not only would I like to explore the HPA axis, the mechanism of its activation and side effects, but I would...
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...relieves pain. They are sometimes used in the treatment and management of cervical nerve root injuries. Other usages include treatment of joint arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, and many other painful conditions. Nerve injuries such as brachial plexus neuropraxia, also known as a “stinger” or “burner”, involve the cervical nerves usually 5 through 7 and the brachial plexus. Stingers can be caused by stretching, traction or compression of the brachial plexus nerves. Injury results in shooting pains from the neck down the arm out to the fingertips. Sometimes numbness and muscle weakness are present in the affected area. These injuries may produce severe complaints, as they do cause very sharp pain to radiate through the arm. When treating a stinger the first goal is to relive that pain. When physicians are presented with that task some evidence is showing that corticosteroids may be a safe way to successfully return an athlete to play following one of these injuries. There is an increased risk of getting a “stinger” in sports such as football and wrestling. The cervical nerve roots and the brachial plexus come in contact with a lot of stress during these competitions. In football we see that contact from hard hits or direct blows to the neck and shoulder cause traction or compression to those nerves causing damage. In wrestling it is common to see cervical injuries from repetitive stress to the area. Unlike football there are not much direct blows to cause the stinger, there...
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...7/21/2015 Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Degenerative Cognitive Diseases Buck (2011) conducted an advanced review of current literature involving the growing issue of repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) and its long lasting effects on creating degenerative cognitive diseases titled Mild Traumatic Brain Injury; A Silent Epidemic in Our Practices. MTBI can cause a host of degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia pugilistica, as well as a multitude of sensory, emotional, behavioral, communicational, and intellectual issues. These can range from difficulty regarding memory or speaking to depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Repeated MTBI has proven to especially dangerous as it is often more difficult to diagnose due to the relatively minor immediate implications that it presents, as opposed to the more blunt and obvious symptoms of severe or moderate TBI. Buck (2011) states that “A diagnosis of severe or moderate TBI is relatively straightforward given the availability of diagnostic technology, including computer tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging. Mild injuries, however, are far more difficult to diagnosis”. This is due to an underreporting of MTBI by those who suffer from this variety of head trauma as the symptoms may be subdued enough in order to not cause an alarm as well as current technology not being able “to reliably detect the neural damage that occurs in mild injuries”. Another major point...
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...Epilepsy Temporal lobe epilepsy; Seizure disorder Last reviewed: March 28, 2011. Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures (convulsions) over time. Seizures are episodes of disturbed brain activity that cause changes in attention or behavior. See also: Seizures Causes, incidence, and risk factors Epilepsy occurs when permanent changes in brain tissue cause the brain to be too excitable or jumpy. The brain sends out abnormal signals. This results in repeated, unpredictable seizures. (A single seizure that does not happen again is not epilepsy.) Epilepsy may be due to a medical condition or injury that affects the brain, or the cause may be unknown (idiopathic). Common causes of epilepsy include: * Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) * Dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease * Traumatic brain injury * Infections, including brain abscess, meningitis, encephalitis, and AIDS * Brain problems that are present at birth (congenital brain defect) * Brain injury that occurs during or near bith * Metabolism disorders that a child may be born with (such as phenylketonuria) * Brain tumor * Abnormal blood vessels in the brain * Other illness that damage or destroy brain tissue Epilepsy seizures usually begin between ages 5 and 20, but they can happen at any age. There may be a family history of seizures or epilepsy. Symptoms Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people may have simple staring spells, while...
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...Basketball-Related Injuries Basketball is the fourth leading cause of injury in organized community sports, although more than three out of four of basketball injuries are minor, an injury may require surgery. The ankle and knee are the most commonly injured. Basketball is a popular sport, but the sport has a risk for injuries that can be prevented and/or treated. During basketball games and practice, injuries can result in bruises, sprains, and spasms. Ankle injuries are the most common injuries in basketball. An ankle injury can be caused by overuse and excessive training on the ankle. The most common foot/ankle injury is the Achilles Tendinitis. The ankle is made up of 3 parts; tibia, fibula, and the talus. Where the calf muscles combine...
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...Guide to use Stress Ball In Physical Therapy You are perhaps aware of the way that stress is bad for your healthiness, however bringing down your feelings of stress is not a simple task. In the event that you are living a stressful life, it may not be workable for you to dispose of the variables that are worrying you, and you might not have the time for activities like yoga and exercises. Is work worrying you? Or, on the other hand, do you invest an excessive amount of energy in front of your PC? A stress ball can enable you to soothe muscle tension, relieve stress, enhance blood flow, and prevent serious health diseases and so on. For a handy solution for stress, purchase a stress ball that could be cheap and easily accessible. It is a fast...
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...Every physical activity one can do can easily lead to an injury of sorts. When one thinks about it, their first though could go so a concussion from football or a kick to the leg while playing soccer. Figure skating isn’t a contact sport at all, but it can still cause common injuries in different parts of the body due to the different tricks there are along with the fact that everything is on the ice. When skating, most injuries occur from over training or having a poor technique (Figure). With how much the athlete is jumping around, not being able to stick a landing can cause injuries within the legs and back area (Figure). This goes for practicing and preforming. Many competitive skaters find that they need to practice the moves but over practicing can cause...
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...violence, isolation, economic, and coercion as well as intimidation (Newacheck & Halfon, 2007). It occurs in both heterosexual and homosexual relationships. Domestic violence especially violence against pregnant women, is still a shamed subject despite the fact that it is a severe public health issue that threatens both the unborn child and the mother's outcome. Women who are assaulted while pregnant are at a greater risk for putting off health care needs. Domestic violence allows the perpetrator to gain control of the victim through intimidation and fear. In addition, it has a positive correlation with alcohol and drug abuse. Overview/Pregnancy Assaults on pregnant females are focus attacks that can end in serious injury or death to the mother to be and unborn child. In the United States the number one cause of death among pregnant women are...
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...epicondylitis.[8] Industrial athletes have certain occupational and leisure activities that lead to overuse injuries of the forearm wrist extensors, causing pain at the lateral epicondyle. These include carpenters, bricklayers, seamstresses and tailors, politicians (excessive handshaking), and musicians (eg, pianists, drummers). Such occupations are at greater risk because of repetitive motion at the elbow or pain may begin after a sudden, traumatic movement of the elbow or wrist () Common causes and risk factors of lateral epicondylitis include repeated microtrauma and chronic inflammation caused by overuse, repetitive use with weak shoulder and hand muscles which greatly increases risk, microtears in tendon are thought to lead to a hypervascular phenomenon resulting in pain, routine use of arm or injury to this area may stress or damage the muscle...
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...tissues. Or, spinal misalignment can cause nerve tissue to stretch, chafe or become irritated. This can distort nerve messages between the body and the body, which causes hyperactive organ function, high blood pressure or even pain. After education everyone on subluxations and the enormous stress they can cause to one’s body, he then shifted his focus back to Chiropractic’s purpose in optimal healthcare. He repeated several times how Chiropractic care focuses on the spine because it is the most vulnerable part of the nervous system. Since chiropractic care depends on the healing abilities of each patient, results can vary from patient to patient. Everyone respond differently. Some detect changes in a few short days or weeks while others may take weeks to month before showing progress. I am a huge advocate for comparing the Chiropractic model of optimal healthcare to the medical model of sick care. The Doctor next explained how the medical approach puts chemicals into the bloodstream to change the way the body works. Laxatives to speed up...
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...Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries that affect a person’s body movements or musculoskeletal system. The musculoskeletal system includes muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels. Some common MSDs are carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, and repetitive strain injuries. MSDs are common and costly problems for people and companies across the world. MSDs are the single largest category of workplace injuries and are responsible for 33% of all workers’ compensation costs. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a medical condition that occurs when the nerve in the wrist compresses and travels through the carpal tunnel. Carpal tunnel is the narrow passage in the wrist that protects the median nerve, one of the most important nerves in your hands. Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include pain, numbness, and tingling in all your...
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...is now being used in a quite different way. And more and more people are giving their attention to the problem of how bullying can be reduced in the community at large, and especially in schools where educating young people about how they should use and not abuse their power has become a matter of vital concern. I happen to think that much of our work in tackling bullying is hamstrung by arguments and disagreements about how we should define 'bullying.' I hope it may be useful to think about how people have sought to define the word. Appealing to the widespread, deeply-seated dislike of bullies, Tattum and Tattum (1992) proposed the following definition. "Bullying is the wilful, conscious desire to hurt another and put him/her under stress" Thus bullying was conceived as a desire (Rigby, 2012). Anybody who wants to hurt somebody - and knows it - is then, by definition, a bully. The inadequacy of this formulation becomes evident when you ask people whether they ever feel like hurting somebody. In fact, at some time or other, almost everybody admits that they do. And of course many of those harbouring ill-will do not express their desires in action. They commonly think better of it. They do not bully. Yet this definition is a popular one, endorsed at one...
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...2015, 271 concussions occurred in the NFL which is the highest number of concussions in NFL history. Concussions can have serious effects on players including death. While the diagnoses of concussions in the NFL has increased so has the awareness and research which may account for the increased incidence of NFL players with concussions. This paper will examine the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, effects and strategies for prevention of concussions. This paper will show that a concussion is one of the worst injuries an athlete can receive. A concussion is when there’s an impact to the head and the brain impacts the skull. People can obtain a concussion from a blow to the body. Most people believe that the brain is attached to...
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...Shin splints, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), is defined by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons as "pain along the inner edge of the shinbone (tibia)." Shin splints are usually caused by repeated trauma to the connective muscle tissue surrounding the tibia. They are a common injury affecting athletes who engage in running sports or other forms of physical activity, including running and jumping. They are characterized by general pain in the lower region of the leg between the knee and the ankle. Shin splints injuries are specifically located in the middle to lower thirds of the anterior or lateral part of the tibia, which is the larger of two bones comprising the lower leg. Shin splints are the most prevalent lower leg injury and affect a broad range of individuals. It affects mostly runners and accounts for approximately 13% to 17% of all running-related injuries. High school age runners see shin splints injury rates of approximately 13%. Aerobic dancers have also been known to suffer from shin splints, with injury rates as high as 22%. Military personnel undergoing basic training experience shin splints injury rates between 4-8%....
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...Planter fasciitis is the mostly common musculoskeletal pathologies of the footpad [1]. Plantar fasciitis is a tissues syndrome of the plantar fascia resulting from repeated trauma at its origin on the calcaneus [2]. The word term “fasciitis” assumes that the inflammation is an essential component of the foot condition [2]. Plantar fasciitis is a painful disorder that involves the planter positioning side of the heel. It can be acute or chronic and is identify by pain in the bottom of foot, along the arch and the heel bone [1]. Plantar fasciitis has been reported to account for approximately about 10 percent of injuries that occur in connection with running [3]. Plantar fasciitis an inflammation of the plantar fascia is one of the most common causes of foot pain in which pain and tenderness are located inferiorly at the plantar fascia origin....
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