...power and how to utilize them to avoid corporate scandals. This paper will discuss the myriad of leadership models and the influence tactics, the source of power, and how it will address certain problems. This paper will discuss the WICS leadership model proposed by Sternberg and the powers a CEO has at her disposal. It will discuss how these powers can help the CEO avoid various problems such as operational, administrative, and ethical problems. The use of, source of power behind, and the effectiveness of influence tactics will be discussed in identifying specific business problems. Leadership Challenge Introduction A large company’s CEO has retained a management consultant to look into the recent corporate scandals and how to avoid them. The CEO wants a detailed report which summarizes the kinds a power a CEO has and how that power can be utilized effectively. While there are many leadership models, this report will look at researcher Robert Sternberg’s WICS model and the sources of power this CEO has. The report will also discuss how these powers will be used to avoid certain problems in the company including operational, administrative, and ethical problems. Three definite business problems that can be addressed are ¬¬¬¬ operational, administrative, and ethical problems and by use of, source of power behind, and the effectiveness of influence tactics, each problem can be handled effectively. Leadership Model Robert Sternberg, a Researcher, along with his colleagues...
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...Journal of Applied Psychology 2008, Vol. 93, No. 2, 453– 462 Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological Association 0021-9010/08/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.453 Employee Resistance to Organizational Change: Managerial Influence Tactics and Leader–Member Exchange Stacie A. Furst University of Cincinnati Daniel M. Cable The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The authors explored the relationship between managerial influence tactics and employee resistance to organizational change. Using attribution theory, the authors developed a series of hypotheses concerning the effects of influence tactics on employee resistance to change and the ways in which these relationships are moderated by leader–member exchange. Results, which are based on multisource data, suggest that employee resistance reflects both the type of influence a manager uses and the strength of leader–member exchange. Keywords: organizational change, influence tactics, leader–member exchange, attribution theory Organizations are cooperative systems that rely on the willingness of members to behave in ways that support the organization (Barnard, 1938). However, people’s personal goals often differ from those of the organization, and a primary responsibility of managers is to persuade members to direct their efforts toward organizational goals (Cyert & March, 1963). The importance of employee cooperation may be particularly salient during organizational change—when an organization sets...
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...The Gekko was used influence tactic to Bud in the movie. Such as influence tactic about the film is push pressure tactic, upward appeal, exchange, pull the inspirational appeal, pull the personal appeal, pull ingratiation, and pull conclusion. The first influence tactic type was pushed the pressure Bud. For example, Bud had a lot of responsibility. Gekko pressured him to find out insider information that he needed to make specific decisions. Without those information, Gekko was not happy because he didn’t generate money from it. The second influence tactic types were upward appeal. Bud’s didn’t report anything to his boss. Also, Bud provides Gekko some inside information. For example, Bud pitches him stocks, but is unimpressed. Desperate, Bud provides him some inside information about Bluestar Airlines. The third influence tactic types were exchange. When began Bud told to him inside information, so Gekko wants Bud to spy on British CEO. Because he wants to make big money, if Bud don’t want to join him. Bud will be lose anything. The four pull influence tactic types was inspirational appeal. Just like movies Bud always looked up to Gekko before even meeting him. He aspired to be as successful as Gekko was in Wall Street. Because of this, Bud was easily influenced to go against his father’s beliefs became of he will success from knowing inside information. Bud would stop at nothing to impress the one who inspired him. The influence tactic types were pulled personal...
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...Power-Influence Approach Overview Clearly defining and understanding the meaning of the term leadership continues to be an ongoing effort of researchers today. According to Rauch and Behling (1984), lleadership is, “the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement.” However, several other definitions of leadership have developed over the years. Efforts to provide clear understanding of what leadership entails have been taken using various approaches of research. Although several approaches for studying leadership exist, Yoku has narrowed the method of approach into five different categories (Yukl, 2010, p. 13): 1. Trait Approach 2. Behavior Approach 3. Power-Influence Approach 4. Situational Approach 5. Integrative Approach This paper will provide insight into the power-influence approach taken by researchers and theorist in their quest to understand better leadership. How it Works The power-influence approach to researching leadership looks at the influence process between leaders and other people. This approach works under the premise that leaders act causing followers to react. Using this approach, researchers examine the amount and type of power held by leaders, and this power is exerted. This approach not only views how this power influences direct and indirect reports, but also peers, superiors, and external customers, and vendors as well (Yukl, 2010, p. 14). Additional power-influence strategies used questionnaires...
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...A. Create an analysis document (suggested length of 3–5 pages) in which you do the following: 1. Illustrate how Bill Bailey, chairman of the board of the Utah Opera Organization, might use one theory of motivation to oppose or support the merger. Bill Bailey stated that his opera trustees were concerned about the financial stability of opera in comparison to the symphony. They were concerned that there might be a financial problems being that the opera based its performances on the fund raising projects that were put into place for each performance. The symphony, it is stated, does not have that type of flexibility. Also, there is a concern about the opera losing its identity when merged with the symphony. To possibly convince the trustees to be on board with the merger, Bill Bailey should use the Expectancy Theory. The Expectancy Theory states that an individual’s motivation is an outcome of how much an individual wants a particular reward, the assessment of how likely the effort will lead to expected performance and believing that the performance will lead to the expected outcome. There are 3 beliefs associated with this theory: valence, expectancy and instrumentality. Valence is the value that individuals hold about the rewards or outcomes of work done. Expectancy is the strength of a person’s belief that can perform the expected task. Instrumentality is the beliefs that if an individual performs a particular task that they will receive a valued outcome. Bill...
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...Beyond Flextime: Trashing the Workweek What influence tactics and power bases are evident in this case? Explain. Research initiated by David Kipnis and his colleagues in 1980, reveals how people influence each other in organizations. The Kipnis methodology involved asking employees how they managed to get their bosses, coworkers or subordinates to do what they wanted them to do. Statistical refinements and replications by other researchers over a 13 year period eventually yielded nine influence tactics which I have indicated below. The first five are considered soft tactics because they are friendlier than and not as coercive as the last four tactics which are considered hard tactics because they involve more overt pressure (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010, p. 437- 438). NINE TACTICS (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010, p. 438) * Rational persuasion – trying to convince someone with reason, logic or facts * Inspirational appeals – trying to build enthusiasm by appealing to others emotions, ideas, or values * Consultation – getting others to participate in planning, making decisions, and changes * Ingratiation – getting someone in a good mood prior to making a request; being friendly, helpful and using praise or flattery * Personal appeals – referring to friendship and loyalty when making a request * Exchange – making express or implied promises and trading favors * Coalition tactics – getting others to support your effort to persuade...
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...Summary Report on Team Tutorial Presentations Submitted to: Tutor: Grace Phanathiroj Submitted by: Sarojinee Shrestha ( s0186644) Poramate Thaoputtha (Toni), (S0212876) Labish Gurung, (S0199186) Table of content: Meaning of power Source of Power Power and Information Contingencies of power Types of Influence Types of Influence Tactics Concequences of Influetion Tactics Meaning Of Power: Power is the capacity of person, team and organization to influence other. Power in the workplace has traditionally been defined as force, dominance, assertiveness, strength, invincibility and authority. Managers can no longer rely solely on the power of their position in the hierarchy to command and control their employees; because today’s leaner organizations depend on more fluid structures and collaborative processes. Effective management requires the ability to influence people in a variety of ways, across a range of organizational structures. Successful people in staff positions in the old organization model have always known that influencing skills are critical to making things happen. To influence others to do something we want them to do, the first place most of us go is logic. That would be fine if people decided what to do base only on logic. But of course, people are more complicated – they have emotions, and they are frequently not aware of how much they rely on emotion to make decisions. So if you want to be a more powerful influence, you’ll...
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...Abstract The various forms of persuasive tactics are ideal for public leadership in effectively gaining and leading an audience. Public leaders have a great responsibility in effectively leading an audience, crowd or various forums to complete a goal. How the public leader interacts with potential followers can determine if and when a task will reach completion. The documentation below will cast some light into the various persuasive forms of leadership, followed by an evaluation of persuasive tactics used to facilitate change. As change is often met with resistance persuasive tactics are ideal. Two sources referenced as credible tactics are logical and transformational. The documentation includes two prominent public figures First Lady Michelle Obama and Billionaire Oprah Winfrey in reference to successful persuasive skills used to influence followers and votes. The information shared is from the perspective of a student. The intent is not to discredit the authors or public figures of any credit for works performed. * Persuasion Contrary to what people may believe, persuasion is healthy and rewarding! According to (Rusaw), transformational leaders use tactics to educate and inspire followers to achieve a completed goal or task. As differences in views may label persuasion as being manipulative, in leadership the task is warranted. Great public leaders possess skills and tactics for gaining supporters and followers that aid political forums and completion of task...
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...MediSys Corp: The IntensCare Product Development Team Donnellon, A & Margolis, JD 2009, Harvard Business Publishing, no. 4059. Andrew Kuszczakowski Contents Question 1 Creation of Executive Committee Product Development Process Different Decision Making Process Question 2 Product Delivery and Modular Design Points of Conflict Resolution Strategy Regulatory Compliance Points of Conflict Resolution Strategy Question 3 Personal Goal Organisational Goals Influence Tactics Question 4 Team versus Group Analysis Team Development Tactics References Appendix A – Decision Making Style: Formation of Executive Committee Appendix B – Decision Making Style: Implementation of Cross-Functional Teams Appendix C – Conflict Map: Product Launch Date Appendix D – Conflict Map: Modular Design Issue Appendix E – Conflict Map: Regulatory Compliance Appendix F – Merz’s Organisational & Professional Goals Appendix G – MediSys Corporation: IntensCare Structure Question 1 Art Beaumont joined MediSys Corp in January 2008. Within weeks he introduced a series of changes. What were those changes and how did he go about making them? If you were Art Beaumont what would you have done under the circumstances? Support your opinions with appropriate evidence. Beaumont identified areas in the corporation that he believed required changes in order for MediSys Corporation to continue to grow its business. He identified a lack of strategic focus within the corporation...
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...Running head: Relating Leadership Styles to Organizational Behavior 1 By Keta Johnson A Paper Submitted to Dr. Wanda Corner In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for BTM7001: Advanced Scholarly WritingError occured in marking Attendance. Some error occurred. Please try again. Error occurred in getting Attendance data. Advanced Scholarly Writingjhkkk Northcentral University Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration Specialization in Public Administration September 14, 2014 Running head: Relating Leadership Styles to Organizational 2 Relating Leadership Styles to Organizational Behavior Numerous studies have been conducted to demonstrate the various relationships between managers and subordinates. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a critical analysis of peer-reviewed articles in which researchers have addressed various leadership styles and how it affects employees. The literature review section will provide an analysis of the theoretical framework and case studies presented by authors. After analyzing the articles, the discussion and findings section will offer conclusions that can be drawn from the results; and also provide an interpretation of what the findings from the scholarly studies mean. The recommendations section will then identify what organizational leaders can do to address the gaps and/or the organizational leadership issues related to the literature review and discussion. Lastly, the conclusion section...
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...Leadership and Power Nathaniel Thomas LDR/300 August 13, 2013 Alan Preizer Leadership and Power Mini Case Ms. Ho Ching’s influence as a leader is reflected in the changes within the organization to disclose its annual report along with performance details that were FYI to Temasek executives only. Her appeal to investors, “to look to India for opportunities for Asian growth” is demonstrated in the account of the conference of Indian companies. Additionally, her determination to influence investors in Singapore to expand their economic concerns by investing in India, continually progresses forward. Hope for sustained progress continues August 1, 2013 when former cabinet minister and former NTUC Secretary-General, Mr. Lim Boon takes over as chairman of Temasek Holdings.” (Ramesh, Y2013 ar, 1). Based on the excerpt from Ho Ching’s speech, she uses a number of influence tactics. When she points to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis her approach is rational persuasion, “But that sparkle is beginning to return” is an inspirational appeal. The ingratiation and inspiration comes when she states, “Now is India’s turn.” Ching employing the tactic of exchange continues by stating Singapore’s trade with India which grew 50 percent since 1997. Lastly, she places a good deal of emphasis with coalition tactics with consultation. Consultation, with respect to Asia as a whole, to working hard and smart, honing her[Asia’s] competitive strengths and leveraging on her complementary capabilities...
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...Leadership and Power Mini Case Ms. Ho Ching’s influence as a leader is reflected in the changes within the organization to disclose its annual report along with performance details that were FYI to Temasek executives only. Her appeal to investors, “to look to India for opportunities for Asian growth” is demonstrated in the account of the conference of Indian companies. Additionally, her determination to influence investors in Singapore to expand their economic concerns by investing in India, continually progresses forward. Hope for sustained progress continues August 1, 2013 when former cabinet minister and former NTUC Secretary-General, Mr. Lim Boon takes over as chairman of Temasek Holdings.” (Ramesh, Y2013 ar, 1). Based on the excerpt from Ho Ching’s speech, she uses a number of influence tactics. When she points to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis her approach is rational persuasion, “But that sparkle is beginning to return” is an inspirational appeal. The ingratiation and inspiration comes when she states, “Now is India’s turn.” Ching employing the tactic of exchange continues by stating Singapore’s trade with India which grew 50 percent since 1997. Lastly, she places a good deal of emphasis with coalition tactics with consultation. Consultation, with respect to Asia as a whole, to working hard and smart, honing her[Asia’s] competitive strengths and leveraging on her complementary capabilities across borders, the outlook in the next decade or two looks very promising...
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...A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC WAR ON ORGANIZATIONS FROM A LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR PERSPECTIVE. Individual Term Paper Table of Contents I. A. 1. 2. B. 1. 2. II. A. 1. 2. B. 1. 2. C. 1. 2. III. A. B. Background of the topic ............................................................................................................... 3 What is Economic War and what are its practices? .............................................................. 3 Pre-technological Era ........................................................................................................... 3 Technological Era ................................................................................................................. 3 How Competitive Intelligence translates into companies’ life? ............................................ 6 As a tool of Corporate Strategy ........................................................................................... 6 As a part of the Corporate Culture ..................................................................................... 6 Economic War and Corporate Culture .................................................................................. 7 Organizational Leadership....................................................................................................... 7 Where Economic War becomes a problem: advocating ethical behaviour ..................... 7 Where Economic War benefits: crisis leadership ...........
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...Power Paper LDR/300 The Prime Minister’s Powerful Better Half Mini Case Ho Ching, the wife Lee Hsien Loong, Singapore’s current prime minister and son of a founding father of the country, is the Chief Executive Officer at Temasek Holdings; who according to the text, “was ranked 18th of Asia Most Powerful Business People and 24th of Forbes World's Most Powerful Women” (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2009). While this demonstrates the power capacity of Ho Ching as a leader; it does not establish the level of influence that she commands or her skills to apply influential tactics necessary to be able to modify followers’ attitudes and behaviors in the desired direction. In order to determine whether Ho Ching is an influential and competent leader or simply a positional leader; one must review and establish what are the sources of power that she possess, as well as her individual characteristics, and her capacity to apply the influence tactics to change the attitudes, values and behaviors of others. Ho Ching is a Stanford-educated electrical engineer, this in itself already demonstrates that Ho Ching is an intelligent individual, and intelligence is a commonly used characteristic to describe potential leaders. Furthermore, according to Nahavandi (2009), “It is clear that the complex task of leading requires a person with cognitive ability to remember, collect, and integrate information, analyze problems, develop solutions, and evaluate alternatives, all of which...
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...McDonald’s and Its Crisis What should a company do when its core product is considered “unhealthy” or even “harmful” by the public? Is it even possible for such a company survive and thrive; or will it have to shut down its business? McDonald’s fast food has for a long time been considered unhealthy by the public. In recent years, the health conscious trends have become increasingly popular. Moreover, many scientific studies and findings have surfaced and successfully confirmed that children’s increasing intake of fast food, which often contains high sodium content, sugars, saturated fats, and calories, for a long period of time would lead to childhood obesity. Moreover, obese children have a much higher risk of many health problems such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and certain cancers--all of which are fatal if left untreated. In 2010, a mother from California sued McDonald’s over the company’s marketing practice of Happy Meal. The mother claimed that McDonald’s used alluring toys to lure kids into Happy Meal. This lawsuit, which might be viewed by many as senseless and absurd, was one of McDonald’s biggest cases. In order to come out of the lawsuit ahead, this largest fast food chain had to undergo some major organizational changes. In this paper, we would like to use the knowledge learned in the class to analyze the event (the lawsuit) and its effects on McDonald’s. The paper will have four main parts. In the first part...
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