...Empirical Research Methods 1. Introduction and statement of the research question. 2. Review of previous research and theory. 3. Description of data collection including sample characteristics and the reliability and validity of techniques employed. 4. Presentation of the results of data analysis including explicit reference to the implications the data have for the research question. 5. Conclusion which ties the loose ends of the analysis back to the research question. 6. End notes (if any). 7. References cited in the paper. By me Abstract: Here’s a one paragraph abstract summarizing my main argument and findings Introduction This is my research question / puzzle. This is why my research paper is interesting and important, and why your life won’t be complete until you thoroughly read this paper. Here is a brief sketch of how the paper is structured. Literature review This is what other people have written about this topic, and about other topics that are relevant. I’m going to make sure that I treat these researchers with respect, and that I present their work in the fairest light that I can. But I’m also going to tell you where I think they got it wrong or missed something important. Certainly I’m going to say why they can’t answer the research question or puzzle that I posed at the start. If they really can answer the research question adequately, then my paper is a bit redundant. Theory There is some sort of problem with the existing literature...
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...Discuss the ways in which coaching psychology research might advance the practise of executive coaching Coaching psychology as a practise is a relatively new phenomenon which encourages an individual to realise and ultimately develop their personal strengths and attributes. Although it is a new practice, psychologists as a whole are yet to determine an exact definition of the meaning coaching psychology. However one of the most applicable definitions to this subject matter is “Coaching maybe defined as a goal - directed multifaceted process for enhancing people, work and life and, as an industry, it has and still is experiencing rapid growth” (Brock, 2006). This essay will examine coaching psychology and how its research will benefit the development of executive coaching and how previous research can enhance this particular sector in psychology. Some of the main areas that will be explored are how positive psychological research has informed this particular area as a whole, the relationship between a coach and client, what qualities make for a good coach and how future research can improve our knowledge and the practice of executive coaching. Positive psychology despite, being considered an applied science it is an empirical science by virtue of scientific method and research. Positive psychology is imperative to the practice of executive coaching as it concentrates on utilising an executives/managers ability to improve an “individuals traits which manifest themselves as...
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...The time where Henderson and Pierson (1978)left us in the 1970’s was a time where there was an emergence of new research directions around the organizational and social aspects of accounting. During this time the accountancy profession was rapidly growing and moving into many new areas, there was a new standard-setting process, greater use of accounting controls in both private and public-sector enterprises, new forms of social accounting, intervention by government in the inflation accounting debate and calls on accounting to change in diverse directions. All of these rapid changes were forcing accounting academics to analysis the changing world of accounting more closely. (p454 30 years of historical accounting research) One of the changes in accounting analysis was a move towards accounting history. Hopwood (1976)called for historical studies in terms that would later be labelled as “traditional”, despite the label it would receive in the future, it still represented an awareness that historical studies would soon be an important source of understanding of the roles of accounting in organizations and society (reference 30 years of historical accounting research). Historical research was slow to emerge, as was highlighted in the Accounting, Organizations and Society journal where between 1976 and 1985 only 13 historical papers were published. Historical research came to the fore during the period from 1986 and 1990 where 22 historical papers were published in the journal Accounting...
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...Introduction to Empirical research on non-evidence beliefs over anti-vaccination Student Name: Institution: Introduction Vaccines have had an increasing effect on people's health in the world for a long period. Down in Australia, the government introduced the “no jab, no pay” economic policy to detract anti-vaccine movements from ‘confusing’ the public (McCutcheon, 2015).Under this law, children who are not immunized, are denied childcare not unless their parents do declare philosophical, religious, medical or personal objections (Medew 2015). Evidently, in the New South Wales state, only about 50% of citizens receive vaccines for their children. Evidently this is the lowest level in Australia and is compared to South Sudan (McCutcheon, 2015).There are various researches that have come up to explain how conspiracy, paranormal, and spirituality are related to anti-vaccination, but it is clear that none of them was bold enough to explain why. For instance, in line with conspiracy theory, Kata (2010) states of how 75% of the websites she researched on made claims of cover up, where regulatory bodies had information about vaccines they were from the public. Orac (2014) states of how conspiracy in the Muslim world made people into believing polio vaccines were evil plans by the Western nations to sterilize Muslim youth and reduce them in number. In the same sense, 50% of websites stated of how the government purportedly protects vaccine manufacturers and doctors from possible harms...
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...The Relationship between the Alternative Earnings Quality Measures and their Association with Stock Return: an Empirical Study on Non-financial Firms listed in ASE Introduction: Statement of financial accounting concept No. 1 (SFAC No. 1) state that “Financial reporting should provide information about an enterprise’s financial performance during a period.” Borrowing language from SFAC No. 1, we define earnings quality as follow: Higher quality earnings provide more information about the features of a firm’s financial performance that is relevant to a specific decision made by a specific decision maker. (Dechow&Schrand, 2010) In accounting and finance literature, several proxies for earnings quality have been used in empirical research. This may create problems in comparison the results of these studies, since these studies have used different measures for earnings. It is not clear whether these earnings quality measures are good proxies for each other. The purpose of this is to examine empirically the extent to which the alternative earnings quality measures are correlated, and whether they are good proxies for each other. In addition, the studies will investigate the association between earnings quality measures and firm’s realized stock return individually to find out which earnings quality measure is the most associated with stock return. And which measure explains the largest proportion of the variation in stock returns. The study will examine two set of earnings quality...
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...already been done and which ones looked most enticing to us. We then had a brainstorming session combining all the ideas we had. Out of all the thoughts we discussed we narrowed it down to the five ideas we liked the most: 1. The protein/sports drink 2. Waffles 3. Scones 4. Pavlova 5. Yoghurt We then discussed and researched the positives and negatives of each of these ideas. To help us to decide which one out of our three choices we wanted to continue our project with, we constructed a survey in which we asked a variety of ages which idea they preferred. From our surveys, we found that the waffle mix was by far the most popular and thus we chose the waffle mix to continue our project with. From our market research, we found that present food trends are showing that the population is inclined towards healthy eating, so we decided in our kitchen sessions to experiment with a healthy option, and also a dessert or treat option, and by doing this we would be catering for a large proportion of the population. In preparation for our kitchen sessions we researched and found that most waffle recipes contain: baking powder, flour, salt, sugar, milk, eggs and butter. Being quick and easy was one of the features we wanted our product to have, therefore we wanted to make our dry powdered mix as self-contained as we possibly could. To achieve this instead...
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...the scholarship and practice of SHRM. They focus on a clearer articulation of the “black box” between HR and firm performance, emphasizing the integration of strategy implementation as the central mediating variable in this relationship. There are direct implications for the nature of fit and contingencies in SHRM. They also highlight the significance of a differentiated HR architecture not just across firms but also within firms. Keywords: strategy; human resources; black box; implementation; differentiation The field of strategic human resources management (SHRM) has enjoyed a remarkable ascendancy during the past two decades, as both an academic literature and focus of management practice. The parallel growth in both the research literature and interest among practicing managers is a notable departure from the more common experience, where managers are either unaware or simply uninterested in scholarly developments in our field. As the field of HR strategy begins to mature, we believe that it is time to take stock of where it stands as both a field of inquiry and management practice. Although drawing on nearly two decades of † We are grateful to Steve Frenkel, Dave Lepak, and seminar participants at Monash University for comments on an earlier version of this article. *Corresponding author. Tel.: 716 645-3235. E-mail address: bbecker@buffalo.edu Journal of Management, Vol. 32 No. 6, December 2006 898-925 DOI:...
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...| GRADUATE SCHOOL OFFICECoursework Submission Form | P03-F01 | INFORMATION | STUDENT TO COMPLETE IN FULL (To be fastened securely to the front of all coursework. It is your responsibility to also attach any additional items. E g. CD, …) Please tick if you are: Foundation Diploma √ Undergraduate Postgraduate Others Please Use Block Capitals 1 | Module Code & Title | ECON 0203 MACRO ECONOMICS | 2 | Course | | 3 | Name of Lecturer | MR PERZEUS JAMES | 4 | Submission Date | 3 APRIL 2015 | Please tick if this assignment is re-submission Please ensure that you have signed the declaration below before submitting your assignment. For group assignments, all students in the group must sign the declaration. I/We understand that: This assessment item is entirely my/our own original work, except where I/we have acknowledged use of source material [such as books, journal articles, other published material, the Internet, and the work of other student/s or any other person/s]. This assessment item has not been submitted for assessment for academic credits in this, or any other course at FTMS College or elsewhere. I/We understand that: The assessor of this assessment item may, for the purpose of assessing this item, reproduce this assessment item and provide a copy to another member of the college. The assessor may communicate a...
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...the scholarship and practice of SHRM. They focus on a clearer articulation of the “black box” between HR and firm performance, emphasizing the integration of strategy implementation as the central mediating variable in this relationship. There are direct implications for the nature of fit and contingencies in SHRM. They also highlight the significance of a differentiated HR architecture not just across firms but also within firms. Keywords: strategy; human resources; black box; implementation; differentiation The field of strategic human resources management (SHRM) has enjoyed a remarkable ascendancy during the past two decades, as both an academic literature and focus of management practice. The parallel growth in both the research literature and interest among practicing managers is a notable departure from the more common experience, where managers are either unaware or simply uninterested in scholarly developments in our field. As the field of HR strategy begins to mature, we believe that it is time to take stock of where it stands as both a field of inquiry and management practice. Although drawing on nearly two decades of † We are grateful to Steve Frenkel, Dave Lepak, and seminar participants at Monash University for comments on an earlier version of this article. *Corresponding author. Tel.: 716 645-3235. E-mail address: bbecker@buffalo.edu Journal of Management, Vol. 32 No. 6, December 2006 898-925 DOI:...
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...Journal of Banking & Finance 34 (2010) 1958–1969 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Banking & Finance journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jbf Underpricing of IPOs: Firm-, issue- and country-specific characteristics Peter-Jan Engelen a,*, Marc van Essen b a b Utrecht University, School of Economics, Utrecht, The Netherlands Erasmus University, Rotterdam School of Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Using a large firm-level dataset of 2920 IPOs from 21 countries we examine the impact of country-level institutional characteristics on the underpricing of IPOs. Through hierarchical linear modeling we are able to control for firm-specific and issue-specific characteristics and test whether country-specific institutional characteristics add explanatory power to explain the level of underpricing. Our results show that about 10% of the variation in the level of underpricing is between countries. The quality of a country’s legal framework, as measured by its level of investor protection, the overall quality of its legal system and its level of legal enforcement, reduces the level of underpricing significantly. Ó 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 4 July 2009 Accepted 6 January 2010 Available online 11 January 2010 JEL classification: G30 G32 G38 K22 Keywords: IPO Underpricing Legal framework Investor protection Multi-level modeling 1. Introduction When companies go public...
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...‘‘reliability’’ and increase ‘‘relevance,’’ partly due to their tendency to propose fair-value methods. We find opposite results for FASB members affiliated with the Democratic Party, although only when excluding financialservices background as an independent variable. Jackknife procedures show that results are robust to omitting any individual standard setter. & 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D72 D78 G18 K22 L51 M41 Keywords: Accounting FASB Politics Relevance Reliability Standard setting 1. Introduction As the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) closes in on four decades, the role of its standards in shaping U.S. and international corporate reporting is widely acknowledged. An empirical literature on the political economy of FASB standard setting has emerged over that period to explore the origins of accounting standards largely through an analysis of constituent comment-letter lobbying (e.g., Watts and Zimmerman, 1978). But such...
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...the Information Technology Department at the Kogod School of Business at American University in Washington, DC. Professor DeLone’s primary areas of research include the assessment of information systems effectiveness and value, the implementation and use of information technology in small and medium-sized businesses, and the global management of information technology. He has been published in various journals including Information Systems Research, MIS Quarterly, DATABASE, Journal of Global Information Management, and Journal of Information Technology Management. Professor DeLone earned a B.S. in mathematics from Villanova University, an M.S. in industrial administration from Carnegie Mellon University, and a Ph.D. in Computers and Information Systems from the University of California, Los Angeles. EPHRAIM R. MCLEAN is a Regents’ Professor and George E. Smith Eminent Scholar’s Chair in Information Systems in the Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University, Atlanta. Prior to coming to Georgia State University in 1987, he was on the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for 18 years. Dr. McLean’s research focuses on the management of information services, the value of IS investments, and career issues for IS professionals. He has published over 125 papers in such journals as Information Systems Research, Journal of Management Information Systems, MIS Quarterly, Management Science, Communications of the ACM, DATABASE, Harvard Business Review, Sloan...
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...Journal of Accounting Research Vol, 29 No, 1 Spring 1991 Printedin U.S.A. Earnings as an Explanatory Variable for Returns PETER D. EASTON* AND TREVOR S. HARRISf 1. Introduction In this paper we investigate whether the level of earnings divided by price at the beginning of the stock return period is relevant for evaluating earnings/returns associations.^ The primary model motivating this research relies on the idea that book value (owners' equity) and market value are both "stock" variables indicating the wealth of the firm's equity holders. The related "flow" variables (after adjusting for dividends) are, respectively, earnings divided by price at the beginning of the return period {A/P~i) and market returns. It then follows that earnings divided by beginning of period price should be associated with stock returns. Although models based on a relation between market value and book value are used occasionally in the accounting research literature (see, for example, Landsman [1986], Harris and Ohlson [1987], and Barth * Macquarie University and University of Chicago; tColumbia University. The paper is a revised version of working papers entitled "An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers: Further Evidence" and "Evidence of Accounting Earnings as an Index of Change in Value." The authors would like to acknowledge comments from workshop participants at the following universities; Arizona, Auckland, California at Berkeley, California at Los Angeles, Columbia,...
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...the viability of cognitive behaviour therapy as a correctional intervention. After summarizing cognitive behaviour therapy principles, he discusses strategies for implementation, and provides research data supporting its effectiveness, including post release outcomes on the Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R & R) program. Porporino’s conclusions are subsequently compared with other researcher’s opinions and research based empirical data. Methodology Porporino criticises several programs he reviewed that claimed to be cognitive. In particular, he disregards motivational programs that lack empirical evidence of reduction of recidivism, and those programs that criticise forms of thinking without providing reasoning. Likewise, he dismisses programs that criticise current forms of thinking without providing reasoning, or adapted to corrections without adequate training or strategies for implementation. He is also critical of holistic programs that claim to address life skills, stating that they lack the systematic targeting of key factors that maintain criminal attitudes. Although in 1991, he advocated for a living skills program based on the success of the cognitive skills program. Furthermore, he dismisses cognitive programming models based on stages of morality, because they lack empirical evidence and he maintains they are not cognitive (Porporino, 1995, p.p. 2, 3, 18). Why cognitive Porporino maintains it is important to change ways of thinking to reduce recidivism, because...
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...J. Bus. Financ. 01 (03) 2013. 94-104 94 Available Online at ESci Journals Journal of Business and Finance ISSN: 2305-1825 (Online), 2308-7714 (Print) http://www.escijournals.net/JBF LACK OF TIMELINESS AS AN EXPLANATION OF THE LOW CONTEMPORANEOUS RETURNS-EARNINGS ASSOCIATION Jaouida E. Trabelsi Institute of the High Commercial Studies of Sfax (IHEC), University of Sfax, Tunisia. A B S T R A C T This paper empirically tests whether the low contemporaneous returns-earnings association set by previous empirical researches may be explained by lack of timeliness of accounting numbers. It hypothesises that if the criteria for accounting recognition yield a multi-period lag in earnings recognitions of economic events and if these events affect an informed market immediately when they occur, then future periods’ earnings would have explanatory for current returns as well as current earnings. To assess the significance of future earnings as an explanatory variable for stock returns we regress at first step annual returns on current earnings and at second step, annual returns on current earnings and successively next period and next two periods’ earnings. Results show that future earnings continue to explain current returns. The evidence is characteristic of a substantial recognition lag in earnings that extends to the immediate next period. However, over one year, earnings do not seem reflecting any relevant economic event impounded in security prices at previous period. The earnings...
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