...Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume 10, Issue 2, 2012 (ISSN1948-352X) Beyond Dehumanization: A Post-Humanist Critique of Solitary Confinement Lisa Guenther Abstract What does it mean to be treated like a nonhuman animal? In this paper, I analyze the discourse of “dehumanization” in Madrid v Gomez, a 1995 Eighth Amendment case concerning the treatment of prisoners at California’s Pelican Bay Supermax Penitentiary. I argue that the language of dehumanization fails to describe the harm of solitary confinement because it remains complicit with a hierarchical opposition between human and nonhuman animal that rebounds against prisoners, especially those who have been racialized and/or sexualized as less than human. Humanist discourse neglects the sense in which both human and nonhuman animals are affective, corporeal beings who rely upon the support of others for their own capacity to orient themselves within a mutually-perceived world. Drawing on the testimony of inmates in solitary confinement, and situating this testimony in relation to the political and scientific history of US incarceration practices, I develop a post-humanist critique of solitary confinement. Keywords: Solitary confinement, sensory deprivation, intercorporeal Malebranche would not have beaten a stone as he beat his dog, saying that the dog didn’t suffer. Merleau-Ponty, Nature, 166 Certain carceral practices are often condemned – both by prisoners and by their legal or political advocates –...
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...There is an abundance of people who love animals and own pets. Many pet owners see their pets as their children and believe that they have a special connection with them and have their own system of communication. Animal intelligence has been studied tremendously through the years because people consider animals to be closely related to humans. Edward Lee Thorndike wanted to figure out if animals really are as intelligent as people claim them to be or if the love for animals is offering more credit than what is deserved. In this paper, I am going to discuss Edward Thorndike’s theory of Connectionism, his experiments with puzzle boxes and his ideas of the Law of Exercise, Law of Effect and Law of Readiness. During the 19th century, Edward...
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...Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination - 2012 TIME ALLOWED 15 MINUTES READING 1 HOUR AND 15 MINUTES WRITING Instructions to candidates: 1) Do not write or mark the examination booklet in any way during reading time. 2) Please check that, aside from this test booklet, you also have a multiple choice answer sheet and data sheet. 3) There are 14 pages in this booklet including this one. Please check to ensure that this is so. 4) Note that the time allocated for the examination is 75 minutes and that 70 marks have been allocated: this should give you a guide as to how much time you should spend on each section. The survey at the end of the exam should take you approximately five minutes. 5) There are 4 sections in this booklet: multiple choice, true/false, definitions and extended questions. 6) Graphic calculators must not be used. Dictionaries must not be used. An approved scientific calculator may be used. 7) If you finish early please do not waste your time: you only get examination time once so it should not be wasted. Check your work thoroughly: calculations, grammar and spelling. Re-read the questions and check your answers to ensure that you have actually answered the questions asked. 8) When the signal to write is given fill in your name, form and teacher details on this booklet (below) and on the multiple choice answer sheet before you begin answering any questions. 9) All answers in this booklet must be completed in pen. 10) All numerical answers to questions must...
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...Ethics of Google’s Tracking System Leslie Seo Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising Abstract This paper explores the ethics of the internet search engine, Google, using algorithms for tracking their users’ search quires and their internet history through their email and how using this information, extends the benefits of this technology to users and to businesses. Although, many people view this as a liability, they do not understand how much information about their preferences are invaluable to businesses in order for them to make profitable advertisements. Most of the public view this as a liability as they do not understand how Google does not specifically track the person at all the algorithm only records what the user has accessed online. There will also be recommendations for users who are still uncomfortable with having limited search quires available for third-party corporations. Ethics of Google’s Tracking System It is clearly visible that the internet is a highly useful resource that can be used for economic expansion. According to the Encyclopedia of Computer Science (2003), the internet started by the name of Arpanet which was used as research work for the U.S. Department of Defense. The internet has evolved very much since then. Now, everything is related to the internet whether it is a social network, shopping, and an outlet for advertising. However in order for a search engine to run itself,...
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...August 2015 Paper 5 Final Draft Exploitation of Animals: Rats and human ethics In the field of science and technology, the last decade has proven to be the most successful time period. Advancements in the field of science, such as Genetic engineering, has made human life easier. But, the critics in this field has raised many questions regarding ethical, environmental, economical, and social dilemmas. Recently, there has been a sharp increase in the number of animals used for technological research, and many animal extremists around the world are blaming scientists for breaking ethical codes. Rats and mice are being used for formulating new cancer drugs by scientists only for the benefit of human beings. Rats, along with mice and rodents, make up more than ninety percent of the animals used in research. There are number of questions raised by animal extremists, such as for what purpose these animals are being exploited? Should we consider the question of ethics and morality while these animals are mistreated for Humans selfish purpose? How should the attitude and practice toward the animal change? An online journal, The Conversation included in its article “Animals in Research: Rats,” such animals were used because humans and rats both are mammal, they have similar structure and functions regarding their body. That is one of the specific reason for why rats are used in medicinal research. Even though this research will benefit human health, using rats in the research will breach...
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...The Lost Innocents Richard Napper University of Phoenix When an individual makes the complicated decision of adding a four-legged member to their family it should be viewed as a lifelong commitment. The majority of people who decide to take in a new four legged family member usually have the best intentions at the time. However, life happens and things tend to change. The puppy who was once small and adorable is now full grown, becoming ignored, and is chewing for attention. The kitten who was once a cute little ball of fur is now not so little and clawing the furniture and using the potty in paces other than the litter box. Maybe there was a job loss in the family, or the individual has become homeless because of financial mishaps. With foreclosure on the rise these days due to a bad economy this is happening more often than not lately. One must plan for these types of issues that may arise in the near or distant future. There are a lot of individuals who believe that an animal shelter is the answer of all answers. The awful truth is they are mostly overcrowded and under staffed. More animals get euthanized inside the shelter due to lack of space than adopted by potential lifelong owners in the animal shelter. The animal shelter should not be used as a way to ease guilt on the former owners’ conscience. It should not be used as a dump site or a place to put your older animal like you would a senior citizen in a nursing home. Is animal abandonment ethically and morally wrong...
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...Managerial Economics ECP 3703 01Z, 02Z, and 03Z (CRN 21124, 21446, and 21456) are held at times determined by You At eLearning (online) in Canvas. Professor: Dr. John Hilston – (321) 433-5327 hilstonj@easternflorida.edu - You need to use Titans email! Department Chair – Mr. Charles Kise 3 Credit Hours Introduction: John Hilston earned a B.S. in Industrial Management from Grove City (PA) College (1996). At Grove City, he studied under G. Dirk Mateer and Walter E. Williams. After graduating from Grove City, John worked as a Project Engineer, Real Estate Tax Specialist, and Insurance Statistical Analyst. While working in these various positions, he earned an M.A. in Economics from Cleveland State University (1998). After teaching Economics part-time for a year, John decided to make this interest his full-time career. He taught for two years at six different Cleveland/Akron, OH, area institutions. For the next 3+ years, John was an Economics Professor at Seminole State College in Sanford, FL. He is presently a Professor of Economics at Eastern Florida State College in Palm Bay, FL. John completed his Ed.D in Educational Leadership at University of Central Florida in Orlando, FL (2010). His academic interests include history, the economics of public policy, and college faculty political diversity. In his spare time, John enjoys cheering for his beloved Cleveland and Ohio sports teams, traveling (he has been to fifty state capitols and sixteen countries), and rooting...
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...Harvard Referencing Style July 2015 Harvard Referencing Style What is it? Academic writing requires authors to support their arguments with reference to other published work or experimental results/findings. A reference system will perform three essential tasks: Enable you to acknowledge other authors’ ideas (avoid plagiarism). Enable a reader to quickly locate the source of the material you refer to so they can consult it if they wish. Indicate to the reader the scope and depth of your research. The Harvard style is a widely used referencing system to help you achieve these objectives. How do I use the Harvard Referencing Style? The Harvard style involves two tasks: How you refer to other authors in the body of your text (in-text citation). How you compile a list of reference sources at the end of your text (reference list). What does it look like? Here is an extract showing what in-text citations look like in the Harvard Style It has been claimed that due to funding being almost exclusively available from the Irish Film Board (IFB), Irish film makers are restricted to the type of Ireland they can depict in their work (MacDougall, 2009). Jervir (2011) argues that subjects such as Northern Ireland are disproportionately represented as these are key areas of interest to the IFB. Here is an example of what a Reference List looks like in the Harvard Style Hayes, B. C., McAllister, I. and Dowds, L. (2011) 'Depicting...
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...tend to interact with one another in a variety of social roles, and have a closer relationship with one another. While this may seem like a very safe place to raise a family, Newman, Fox, Harding, Mehta, and Roth claim, in Rampage (2005), that the small-town atmosphere was an imperative factor in the Jonesboro, Arkansas shooting. At the same time that tight-knit communities make it easier for information to spread from person to person, they also make it easier for people to make assumptions. Andrew Golden committed a school shooting at Westside Middle School with Mitchell Johnson, in Jonesboro, Arkansas on March 24, 1998. Psychopaths, like Andrew Golden, often present themselves well, being likable and even charismatic. During their research, a neighbor commented, “Andrew was a sweet child whenever his parents...
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...19, 1995 by one of its own citizens, the attack is now known as the Oklahoma City Bombing. The attack claimed 168 lives, which 19 of them were children and several hundred were injured, (FBI). By definition this attack was terrorism; terrorism is the unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or government, often for ideological or political reasons, (Barnett, Reynolds). From researching and studying terrorism and the media this paper will include; the background on Timothy McVeigh, Oklahoma City Bombing, how it was reported, how it is different from now and the speculations of how the media helped or harmed the situation. Timothy McVeigh grew up living a ‘normal life’, with loving parents and childhood friends but he felt unloved. In third grade he witnessed a neighbor boy drown a bag of kittens in a nearby pond he was so disgusted that day forward he could not bear the sight of death to the point he stopped shooting bull frogs with his bb gun. That all changed when he joined the United States Army and was deployed to the Gulf War. In basic and deployment training his mind set was changed to killing was an act of war, he even declared the attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building an act of war, (Michel, Herbeck).It was just a mission and solider are used to carrying out missions that brought pain to others, (Michel, Hebeck). In a way Timothy...
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...for men? My term paper shall try to answer those questions, look at typical forms of language use in relation to gender and I will aim to find possible reasons that explain a gender-based difference. But first it is important to explain why in sociolinguistics the term gender is used rather than sex. While sex refers to biological characteristics, gender is “a social category that is connected to the roles of women and men in society” (Becker & Bieswanger 2010: 185). My term paper will start with some general definitions about gender and language like gender-exclusive speech difference, gender-preferential speech features and gender and class. I will focus especially on women´s linguistic behaviour and answer questions like “Do women talk more than men?”. I will try to find explanations for a different linguistic behaviour. After focusing on explanations for a possible different use of language I will finally give features of women´s language that will make differences obvious. At the end of my paper I will also try to explain what is meant by a “sexism in language” and whether or not English is a sexist language and what could be done to reduce it. I often find myself in a situation were I realize that I sometimes use quite a sexist language and have trouble to avoid it, for example when I am writing a school paper. Because of this, I decided to choose “Language and Gender” as the topic for my term paper. The main source I worked with to write this paper is Janet Holmes´...
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...Cri du Chat Cri du chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which approximately affects 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 live births. The disease does not depend on ethnic backgrounds, but is most common in the case of women. The disorder gets its name from the typical cry of babies born with this syndrome. The baby sounds like a kitten, because of problems with the nervous system and larynx. The good news is that about 1/3 of kids recover by the age of 2. Negative aspects of this disease may be: * Feeding problems, because they can't suck and swallow well * Low weight at birth and poor evolution * Motor, cognitive, and speech delays * Behavioral problems such as aggression, hyperactivity, and repetitive movements * Uncommon facial traits that can change in time * What is Cri-du-Chat syndrome? The name of this syndrome is French for "cry of the cat," referring to the distinctive cry of children with this disorder. The cry is caused by abnormal larynx development, one of the many symptoms associated with this disorder. It usually becomes less noticeable as the baby gets older, making it difficult for doctors to diagnose cri-du-chat after age two. Cri-du-chat is caused by a deletion (the length of which may vary) on the short arm of chromosome 5. Multiple genes are missing as a result of this deletion, and each may contribute to the symptoms of the disorder. One of the deleted genes known to be involved is TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase). This gene is...
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...Core study 1 Asch 1955 : Aims and Context Summarise the aims and context of Asch’s 1955) research opinions and social pressure An individual is said to conform if they chose to study a course of action that is favoured by the majority or that is considered socially acceptable .When an individual is influenced by how the majority of people think this is considered socially acceptable Conformity is a form of social influence that results from exposure to the majority position , the tendency for people to adopt the behaviour, attitudes and values of other members of a reference groups, This was a study of conformity in an ambiguous situation ‘unclear’. Jenness asked students to guess how many beans there were in a jar,they were then asked to discuss in groups. Lastly they were asked to give their estimates again, individuals estimates tended to converge to the group norm.It seems reasonable that when in an ambiguous situation (were the answer isn't obvious ) we look to others to get some ideas about behaviour . Jenness's research is limited as he specifically asked participants to produce a group estimate rather than just observing if they would produce group estimates. Sherif conducted a similar investigation into responses to an ambiguous stimulus using the auto kinetic effect ( this is where a stationary spot of light projected on to a screen appears to move) Sherif told participants he was going to move the light , he asked the pp’s to estimate by how far the spotlight...
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...Market Research Competitive Profiles Iams Multi-Cat Chicken & Salmon ProActive Health (Market Leader) Size: 16.5bl Price: $ 34.89 Features: • 100% complete and balanced nutrition for all adult cats in your household. • High-quality protein-rich sources like chicken, salmon and egg for building lean muscles and improving overall body condition. • Beets, whole grains and corn support the digestive system and reduce hairballs. • It's enriched with amino acids for energy, vitamins and minerals, taurine for a strong heart and rich fatty acids like omega-3s for a luxurious coat. • Each delicious crunchy kibble breaks up plaque and tartar that can lead to bad breath and gum disease Message: This Iams ProActive Health formula has PreBiotics that work inside the digestive tract to promote healthy digestion and strong defenses. Healthy inside. Healthy outside Whiskas® Meaty Selections Size: 15bl Pirce: $ 15.99 Features: • 100% complete and balanced nutrition for all life stages. • Perfect mix of chicken and turkey flavored kibbles. • Each is double...
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...copy in ten easy lessons. Afterward, you’ll get recommendations for professional training, plus links to tutorials on SEO copywriting and writing killer headlines. 1. Don’t Read This or the Kitty Gets It! 2. To Be or Not To Be? 3. How to Write Headlines That Work 4. Why Writing Headlines Deserves a Second Installment 5. The Structure of Persuasive Copy 6. Now Featuring Benefits! 7. “Kids Eat Free” and Other Irresistible Offers 8. This Article Rocks. . . I Guarantee It! 9. The Long and Short of Copywriting 10. The #1 Secret to Great Copy Is. . . Don’t Read This or the Kitty Gets It! Poor Fluffy. I asked you not to do this, and you’ve gone and broken the rules. Things don’t look good for this cute little kitten I’ve taken hostage in case my demands were not met. She is awfully sweet, though. We’ll just have to wait until later on in the article to decide the fate of Fluffy. But first, we really do need to discuss the ultimate goal of good copywriting. Stick with me and I’ll go easy on the cat, deal? Let’s get started. What is the primary purpose of any piece of writing that you put out online — whether a blog post, a networking email, a sales letter or a tutorial? For starters, to get what you’ve written read, right? Makes sense. So, what’s the primary purpose of your headline, your graphics, your fonts, and every other part of the content? The simple, surprising answer is… To get the first sentence read. This may seem somewhat simplistic...
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