...security by the United State congress. Why or the reason for the creation of this department is to integrate all existing agencies, and ensure the United State nation security (online Source:http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure/) Example more focus has been concentrated on domestic terrorism, the FBI for example, assigned out of its 27000 agents, 4000 agents to counter terrorism activities. Another example is the Naturalization service and immigration, which reorganizes in order to expand enforcement duties. Have the number of victims of racial profiling increased over the last decade? The number of racial profiling has increased over the last decade. According to Khalid Saeed, a director of American Muslim Voice in Northern California, the federal agencies in their fight of terrorism have used this reason to discriminate and degrade certain groups of people. The government also has increased its reliance on racial profiling. The racial profiling mostly applies to...
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...Racial profiling has been around for many years, with laws such as the "Black Codes", which were created during the reconstruction in the South. These laws imposed severe restrictions on freed slaves such as prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, limiting their right to testify against white men, carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations; and the “Jim Crow” laws, which were laws that discriminated against African Americans with concern to attendance in public schools and the use of facilities such as restaurants, theaters, hotels, cinemas and public baths. Trains and buses were also segregated and in many states marriage between whites and African American people. According to Heather Mac Donald, the term "Racial profiling" has two meanings, hard and soft profiling. “Hard” profiling uses race as the only factor in assessing criminal suspiciousness: an officer sees a black person and, without more to go on, pulls him over for a pat-down on the chance that he may be carrying drugs or weapons. "Soft" racial profiling is using race as one factor among others in gauging criminal suspiciousness: the highway police, for example, have intelligence that Jamaican drug posses with a fondness for Nissan Pathfinders are transporting marijuana along the northeast corridor. A New Jersey trooper sees a black motorist speeding in a Pathfinder and pulls him over in the hope of finding drugs (Mac Donald). Racial Profiling really...
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...Racial profiling has been around for many years, with laws such as the "Black Codes", which were created during the reconstruction in the South. These laws imposed severe restrictions on freed slaves such as prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, limiting their right to testify against white men, carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations; and the “Jim Crow” laws, which were laws that discriminated against African Americans with concern to attendance in public schools and the use of facilities such as restaurants, theaters, hotels, cinemas and public baths. Trains and buses were also segregated and in many states marriage between whites and African American people. According to Heather Mac Donald, the term "Racial profiling" has two meanings, hard and soft profiling. “Hard” profiling uses race as the only factor in assessing criminal suspiciousness: an officer sees a black person and, without more to go on, pulls him over for a pat-down on the chance that he may be carrying drugs or weapons. "Soft" racial profiling is using race as one factor among others in gauging criminal suspiciousness: the highway police, for example, have intelligence that Jamaican drug posses with a fondness for Nissan Pathfinders are transporting marijuana along the northeast corridor. A New Jersey trooper sees a black motorist speeding in a Pathfinder and pulls him over in the hope of finding drugs (Mac Donald). Racial Profiling really came...
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...border. By the mid 1920s, the Border Patrols focal point was primarily on indicating the racial profiling of Mexicans "This narrow enforcement of U.S. immigration restrictions transformed the broad political category of the illegal immigrant into a racial system..." for immigration laws and also regulating any undocumented immigrants (p. 12). These immigrants fit this specific role, these main immigrants of this time were "Mexicans- poor, rural, brown, and male equation was pressed into the landscape by the peculiar gait of Mexican workers" which just came to show how this racial profiling helped out so many officials of the Border Patrol leading from the North (p. 49). Hernandez examines Hernandez asserts the argument on the reality of the first decade that the Border Patrol was required "to enforce U.S immigration restrictions but uncomfortable with the physical brutality that was common in border patrol practices..." consistently (p. 109). Hernandez then explains that during the 1940s "Border Patrol officers aggressively policed not only the U.S Mexico border but also Mexican communities and work-sites" (p. 2). Hernandez dwells on this because she wants the arguments to be leaned on how the migrant workers and migrants in general were taken in to perspective as immigrants and farm workers. The Border Patrol's was formed in May of 1924 after extending immigration restrictions and growing in the United States. Although the laws exiled and "prohibited from entering the...
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...that infringe people's freedom. The First Amendment provides freedom of religion and hinders government interference. In contrast, civil rights are restrictions on the powers of the majority. They prevent people from making decisions that benefit them at the expense of others. They are assurances of equal conditions by the government. They protect minorities from discrimination by the majorities. An example is same-sex marriages. It seems like a civil liberty issue except not all individuals can...
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...Social Problems & News Topics in the Twenty-First Century Listed below are contemporary social problems and news topics. "The definition of a social problem, also called a social issue, is an undesirable condition that people believe should be corrected" (http://www.yourdictionary.com/social-problem). To make your subject manageable, narrow your topic or focus as you locate information. Abortion Affirmative Action Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) Ageism / Age Discrimination Airport Screening Procedures Airport Security Alcoholism Animal Rights Anorexia Nervosa Anti-Muslim Discrimination Binge Drinking Birth Control Bulimia Nervosa Bullying Campus Crime Capital Punishment / Death Penalty Chemical Weapons Child Abuse Child Labor Classism Climate Change Cloning Colorisim Cloud Hacking Computer Hacking Corporal Punishment Corporate Downsizing Cyber Bullying (Cyberbullying) Date Rape Disaster Relief Domestic Violence Dream Act Drinking and Driving Driving While Black Drug Abuse / Drug Addiction Eating Disorders Ebola Virus Disease Embryonic Stem Cell Research Environmental Pollution Environmental Racism Equal Pay Euthanasia / Mercy Killing / Assisted Suicide Excessive Force By Law Enforcement Felony Disenfranchisement Gang Violence Gay Rights Genetic Engineering Genetically Modified Food Gentrification Global Warming Gun Control Gun Rights Hate Crimes Hazing Health Care Disparities Health Care Reform HIV / AIDS Home Forclosures ...
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...Jo. K. H. Prof. C. English 1A 16 December 2014 Some police officers take advantage of their authoritative positions with excessive brutality and, in some cases, the misuse of deadly force, which is resulted from racism and the known lack of consequences. Blacks and whites have had different historical experiences with the criminal justice system. Largely, whites see the law as a power to serve and protect their rights and their acreage in a democracy. While, blacks have been more likely to view law as a force that denies their rights. For years the judicial system refused to offer protection to blacks from slave owners, white rapists, and even racist mobs. In 1693, Philadelphia court officials “authorized the police to take up any "Negro" seen "gadding about" without a pass from his or her master” (Chaney). This judiciary command, to stop and detain any black found on the road, gave no distinction between free or slave blacks. The Black Codes of the Southern region permitted militiamen (soldiers who are also civilians) to arrest and restrain blacks whose presence aroused suspicion (Staples). The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, jeopardized not only law enforcement officials, but also average citizens with hefty fines if they failed to assist in the arrest of alleged runaway slaves, when the doubt could be grounded only on written claims; likewise, free and enslaved blacks didn’t have the right or ability to represent themselves in court against such claims (Staples). Alongside...
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...other result of the event. Along with the increase in hate crimes, unfavorable views, and increased difficulty with self-identification, there has also been an increase in racial profiling in this specific society as a result of the way the public perceives them. According, to the American Civil Liberties Union, racial profiling is, “discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual's race, ethnicity, religion or national origin” (9). Racial profiling in its legal aspect has been proven to not be as effective as it is intended to be since it usually results in tension between the people who are subjected to it and law enforcement (9). However, based on the recent events this group of people has been subjected to a lot of racial profiling, which in turn has also influenced the perception of the public. Although many other minorities are subjected to this it has been seen primarily with Arabs and Hispanics with Arabs being the most commonly racially profiled. An example of such can be seen with the most recent restriction that was put in place against 7 Middle Eastern countries in order to prevent “terrorists” from entering the country and especially when they go through airport security. Though it might not seem like much, with racial profiling and the perception people have developed after what occurred in 2001, it begins to become a dangerously common issue. With the changes going on today in the American society...
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...Patterns of Discrimination in Police Agencies Paper Danielle Hill CJS/221 June 20, 2016 Ebony Pullins-Govantes Patterns of Discrimination in Police Agencies Paper Discrimination is the act of treating an individual different based on the way you perceive them to be, instead if their individual behavior and qualifications. The criminal justice system has multiple example of the discrimination that will assist me in illustrating my point. It wasn't until the 1960's that blacks were hired as officers because southern states didn't think to hire African Americans. The other police departments that decided to hire black officers made sure they had strict restrictions and stipulations. One restriction was that if you were an African American officer you were not allowed to arrest Caucasians. In most of the Northern police departments, blacks were required to only police the black neighborhoods instead of where the whites resided. This example are the types of discrimination that occurred within employment of the criminal discrimination also involved airlines. Female ma were only hired to be flight attendants because this wasn't a job for a man. Men were hired mainly to be managers and leaders of a company and woman were hired to do more office like duties, such as being a secretary. They didn't view the résumé of an individual first and their treatment was solely based on someone's personal beliefs and opinion. Currently, in the police agencies and...
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...Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate tools required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. On October 23, 2001, Republican Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner introduced H.R. 3162 incorporating provisions from a previously sponsored House bill and a Senate bill also introduced earlier in the month. The next day on October 24, 2001, the Act passed the House 357 to 66, with Democrats comprising the overwhelming portion of dissent. The following day on October 25, 2001, the Act passed the Senate by 98 to 1, with Russ Feingold the only opposition. This act was signed then into law by former president George W. Bush on October 26, 2011, just six weeks after the September 11th attacks to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This act reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies’ gathering of intelligence with the U.S. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism. The Patriot Act made many changes to U.S. law, such as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act. It was strongly opposed by Senator, Russ Feingold; he was the only Senator to vote against the bill. The final Act had a number of sunsets that was supposed to expire on December 15, 2005. On May 26, 2011, President Barack Obama used an Autopen to sign a four-year extension of three key provisions in the...
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...Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate tools required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. On October 23, 2001, Republican Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner introduced H.R. 3162 incorporating provisions from a previously sponsored House bill and a Senate bill also introduced earlier in the month. The next day on October 24, 2001, the Act passed the House 357 to 66, with Democrats comprising the overwhelming portion of dissent. The following day on October 25, 2001, the Act passed the Senate by 98 to 1, with Russ Feingold the only opposition. This act was signed then into law by former president George W. Bush on October 26, 2011, just six weeks after the September 11th attacks to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This act reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies’ gathering of intelligence with the U.S. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism. The Patriot Act made many changes to U.S. law, such as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act. It was strongly opposed by Senator, Russ Feingold; he was the only Senator to vote against the bill. The final Act had a number of sunsets that was supposed to expire on December 15, 2005. On May 26, 2011, President Barack Obama used an Autopen to sign a four-year extension of three key provisions in the...
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...Living in America we deal with a lot of diversity, especially those in the criminal justice field where situations caused by religion and ethnicity can lead to a problem. Stereotypes are ideas held by some individuals about members of particular groups, based solely on membership in that group. Stereotyping is one of the biggest problems that we deal with, particularly in law enforcement. Stereotype threat can result in a self-fulfilling insight whereby a person comes to resemble his or her reputation, living up or down to social expectations. Over the years there have been many allegations of police officers accused of going after individuals and accusing them of a crime based on the sole fact of what their religious beliefs might be. This has been going on for a long time; however in recent years, it has gotten worse. The main job of police officers is to uphold the law, not to break it. Although stereotyping is not against the law, police officers have taken an oath to protect all human beings, regardless of their race or religion and stereotyping based on religion should not take place. Just because an individual is of a certain race does not give us the right to stereotype them as a bad human being. Thus stereotyping one’s religious beliefs is wrong, and it goes against what America is all about, that everyone is equal. The book American Dervish is a perfect example of diversity and religion in the United States. The book is good but some of the characters the...
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...Supreme Court, on May 18, 1896, by a seven-to-one majority (one justice did not participate), advanced the controversial “separate but equal” doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. Plessy v. Ferguson was the first major inquiry into the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment’s (1868) equal-protection clause, which prohibits the states from denying “equal protection of the laws” to any person within their jurisdictions. Although the majority opinion did not contain the phrase “separate but equal,” it gave constitutional sanction to laws designed to achieve racial segregation by means of separate and supposedly equal public facilities and services for African Americans and whites. It served as...
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...stereotypes permeated the public perception of African American people and exacerbated the malformed biases that had already taken hold. These biases shaped public opinion, legal proceedings, and the criminal justice system in conjunction. According to the Harvard Library’s resource, “Criminal Justice”, “Some of the first organized “police forces” in the United States were slave patrols in the American South.” The modern criminal justice system, it is therefore evidenced, has its roots in the systematic oppression of African-Americans dating back to the 1600s. Eventually, despite great hardship, policies and laws that granted African Americans more rights began to be implemented, like Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. However, many laws and restrictions that were counterintuitive to the progress being achieved were put in place with the intention of greatly limiting the few freedoms afforded to African...
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...nation. Allowing each state to determine its own policies can lead to racist laws that ban individuals based on race, nationality, sex or nationality. Julia Young Writes, "Although some immigration hard-liners claim the main goal of these restrictions is to protect native-born workers, others are openly seeking ways to reshape immigration policy in order to make the U.S. immigrant population less Latin American, African and Asian, and - to put it simply - more white" (2). The current administration is pushing for immigration laws that ban specific countries from entering the united states based on nationality and religion. Furthermore, the administration is emboldened by support from of millions of Americans who agree with the president's policies on immigration....
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