...Vinsamlega athugið! Þessar leiðbeiningar eru byggðar á Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 6. útg. 2010 og APA Style Guide to Electronic References 6. útg. 2012. Við íslenskun og staðfæringu er einnig er stuðst við Gagnfræðakver handa háskólanemum 4. útg. 2007, eftir Friðrik H. Jónsson og Sigurð J. Grétarsson. Kennarar HR gætu kosið að styðjast við aðrar útgáfur. Enda þótt upplýsingafræðingar BUHR hafi leitast við að setja eftirfarandi leiðbeiningar fram villulausar og samkvæmt nýjustu stöðlum, þá er ekki unnt að ábyrgjast að ávallt sé svo. Nemar eru hvattir til að bera eftirfarandi leiðbeiningar saman við ofangreind rit og/eða bera vafaatriði undir kennara sína. Bókasafn og upplýsingaþjónusta Háskólans í Reykjavík uppfært 25. ágúst 2015 Byggt á APA 6. útg. og Gagnfræðakveri fyrir háskólanema 4. útg. Kennarar gætu valið að fylgja öðru formi - fylgið leiðbeiningum þeirra Efnisyfirlit: Ritstuldur ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Frumheimildir (primary sources) og afleiddar heimildir (secondary sources) ........................................ 5 Hvenær vísa skal til heimilda – beinar og óbeinar tilvitnanir .................................................................. 6 Tilvísanir og heimildaskráning ................................................................................................................. 8 Tilvísanir...
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...References 8 The proposal from MCG Group (MCG) 9 Economic benefits and arguments 12 Legal aspect of the Icesave dispute 14 Appendix A 17 Bibliography 18 Executive Summary Objective MCG Consulting Group is a consulting firm specialized in banking. MCG’s goal is to provide effective solutions for multifaceted issues by researching all avenues of a problem and ensuring to always have supporting evidence for given proposals. The following paper is an examination of the current Icesave loan conflict followed by a proposal which MCG believes takes all stake holders into consideration. Important Acronyms EEA (European Economic Area), EU (European Union), EFTA (European Free Trade Association), ECJ (European Court of Justice), Research Methods * Review of the history of the crisis including previous agreement attempts and referendums. * Review of financial influences including: * The conservation of Iceland’s natural resources which are its major exports. * Consideration towards Iceland’s credit score and therefore its ability to raise capital in the long run and the short run. * The possibility of economic sanctions from England and The Netherlands which represent a huge part of...
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...who have low-income or no health insurance. EWM program also pays the following check-ups with associated tests like clinical breast examination, Papanicolaou smear, and mammography. They pay at reduced price or no cost to eligible women who are 40 to 74 years of age (Backer et al., 2005, p. 401). These tests will detect early stages of cancer, prevent progression, save lives, reduce health care cost and suffering. A case study was made to see the effectiveness of screening for breast and cervical cancer in Nebraska. However, even with these EWM program, it remained suboptimal despite their awareness and implementation to assist low-income women (Backer et al., p.402). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the barriers and possible reasons why the EWM program was ineffective. In this paper, it will also describe the two successful preventive programs that advocate for early screening and shows some strategies to create a more efficient program. Reasons of EWM Program Ineffectiveness...
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...The use of games in the language classroom Sigríður Dögg Sigurðardóttir Lokaverkefni lagt fram til fullnaðar B.Ed.-gráðu í grunnskólakennarafræði við Háskóla Íslands, Menntavísindasvið Apríl 2010 Lokaverkefni til B.Ed. –prófs The use of games in the language classroom Sigríður Dögg Sigurðardóttir 180785-2219 Háskóli Íslands Menntavísindasvið Kennaradeild, grunnskólakennarafræði Apríl 2010 2 Abstract This essay focuses on the use of games inside the classroom and it argues that games can be a good teaching method when teaching foreign languages. It looks at why games should be used as a teaching method and how in order to maximize the positive result on language learning. Also this essay explains various game categories and it gives an example of at least one game from each category which can be especially good in language teaching. In addition this essay looks at the four language skill areas: reading, writing, listening and speaking and it gives reasons for why games can be beneficial in the training of each one. Last but not least I created 3 new games that can be utilized inside the language classroom. 3 Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 6 2. A review of the literature of Games ................................................................................ 7 2.1 Games ......................................
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...International Business & Economics Research Journal – August 2009 Volume 8, Number 8 The Franchising Decision: The Perspective Of The Franchisee In The Hospitality Industry Ramon Diaz-Bernardo, Instituto de Empresa Business School, Spain ABSTRACT Franchising is a major trend in the hotel industry. Despite the fact that almost two-thirds of branded hotels in the U.S. are franchised, there is a lack of empirical research on franchising in the hospitality industry. In this article, I reviewed one of the most relevant lines of research in franchising literature, usually referred as creating franchising systems, and we have concentrated on analyzing the reasons and motivations to use franchising from franchisee perspective within the hospitality industry. The paper identifies the main reasons for choosing franchising for franchisees, explores what are the most valued characteristics of franchising, and gives some guidelines on how to make the franchising offer more appealing to potential franchisees in the hotel industry. Keywords: Franchising, Hotels, Franchisor, Franchisee INTRODUCTION A franchise system is a collaboration agreement between two independent business partners, the franchisor and the franchisee, whereby the franchisor allows the franchisee the right to use his brand name, products and services, and specific know-how in exchange for direct or indirect payments to the franchisor by the franchisee. In other words, the franchise system consists of multiple...
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...Deric D. Jackson International Trade & Policy, ECO 466 Spring 2014 Term Research Paper Outline I. Introduction II. Geography a. Location b. Physical Features c. Climate III. History IV. Government d. Country’s official name e. Type of government f. Current government leader i. Name, Title, residence V. Economy g. Major Industries h. Major agriculture i. Trade ii. Exports iii. Imports iv. Trade policies j. Currency VI. People k. Statistics v. Population vi. Ethnic Groups vii. Major Religions l. Language m. Education viii. Literacy rate ix. Length of Schooling x. Funding The island country of island is situated several hundred miles northwest of the British Isles and directly below the Arctic Circle. Iceland is often known for its natural Beauty; volcanoes, hot springs glaciers, and auroras are prominent features. It is affectionately called the land of fire and ice. Iceland is relatively small yet modern and industrialized state with a modest population of just under 340,000 and total area of 103,000 km2 (39,769 sq. mi). Iceland has a varied topography but it is one of the most volcanic regions, in the world. Iceland started to form in the Miocene era about 20 million years ago from a series of volcanic eruptions on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where it lies...
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...Lit Review – Public and Private sectors The public sector as defined by the Business Dictionary as being part of the national economy and provides goods and services that cannot otherwise be provided by the private sector (Business Dictionary, 2014). Examples of these goods and services range from the procurement of electricity, to cleaning services, and water management to name a few. The public sector's main focus is that of service delivery (The Student Room, 2014). Due to human induced climate change many governments have requested their public sectors to change and optimize their supply chains to cater for green purchasing. As a result of this the majority of the European Union have effectively found ways to reduce the overall effect of their purchasing activities (European Union, 2010, page 1 paragraph 1). The procurement of public goods and services in the EU is done through the life cycle approach (European Union, 2010, page 3 paragraph 1). The life cycle approach that is used by the member countries of the European Union has 5 steps (Europa, 2014), the fifth step that has been added in recently deals with all the externalities that can occur while performing the assessment. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) use the more traditional four step approach to evaluate the life cycle of the goods and services to be procured (EPA, 2014). And in South Africa there is a nine step evaluation method on how procurement of public goods and services...
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...Age and Ageing 1997; 26-S2: 3 -12 Nursing homes in 10 nations: a comparison between countries and settings M I E L W . RIBBE, GUNNAR LJUNGGREN1, KNIGHT STEEL2, EVA TOPINKOVA3, CATHERINE HAWES4, NAOKI IKEGAMI5, JEAN-CLAUDE HENRARD6, PALMI V. JONNSON7 Department of General Practice, Nursing Home Medicine and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands 'Stockholm, Sweden, 2Hackensack, NJ, USA, 3Prague, Czech Republic, ^Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 5 Tokyo, Japan, 6Paris, France and Reykjavik, Iceland Abstract Aim: to illustrate demographic differences and recent trends in the provision and structure of long-term care systems in the 10 countries participating in the Resident Assessment Instrument studies (Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA). Method: data were assembled from government documents, statistical yearbooks and articles from journals; supplemental data on long-term care and nursing homes were solicited from colleagues. Results: All 10 countries are developed nations with high life-expectancies. Sweden has the oldest and Iceland the youngest population in this study, with Japan showing the highest ageing rates over the next three decades. Between 2 and 5% of elderly people reside in nursing homes. Interestingly, Iceland, as the youngest country' in this study, has the highest rate of institutionalization (living...
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...Muslim Women and the Veil For this critical review analysis paper, I have chosen to do set four of the project. I will begin to analyze and break down the fundamental themes in each of the articles from the sources provided by the professor. My examination of the texts, Islamic and Body Politics by Asma Barlas and Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil by Katherine Bullock, will be purely academic. Both these articles share similar views of the concept of veiling and portrayal of the female body by opposing the monolithic and secular views given to the veil by the majority of the world. The view given to the veil is simple and is explicitly cited in Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil, it is that "the popular Western notion that the veil is a symbol of Muslim women's oppression is a constructed image that does not represent the experience of all those who wear it." My stance on the subject of veiling will be in support of: those who wear the Veil (or as I will interchangeably mention it in this paper, "Hjiab" - Arabic term for head scarf) do it so by their own will and not to represent the view of oppression that has been deemed on it, also, to reiterate that the Qur'an or any other Islamic text do not support the views of oppression of women. Through my investigation of the two given articles, I will support my view with the help of three different articles that share the same type of commentary on the issue of Veiling. My inclusion of the article Eastern Veiling, Western Freedom...
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...economy, it is no longer only about manufacturing, transportation, cost, profit, supply, demand, etc. There are many other factors that matters in the sales of the commodity. For many years, retailers have been searching for methods to help them identify ways to improve their merchandise presentation (Ron Larson).One of the methods that retailers used to improve the sales is the display of the products in the aisles. Bezawada has said in his reach that “retailers can benefit substantially by having better placement of items in their aisles,” (Ram Bezawada). Bezawada’s research shows that aisle placements can influence sales across product categories as much as other marketing variables, such as price or how an item is displayed (Jacqueline Ghosen, 2009). According to some researches, changing the allocation of the products will increase the weekly sales by more than 9% (Jacqueline Ghosen, 2009). From all these research, we can see that products placement is one of the most important factor that going to influence retailer’s profits. Putting products in the right place will bring more benefits. In marketing field, there are also some important theories about placement of products. It is called marketing mix which is usually refers to E. Jerome McCarthy's 4P classification for developing an effective marketing strategy. It encompasses product, price, placement (distribution) and promotion. These elements are adjusted until the right combination is found that serves the needs of the...
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...Real Options in Corporate Finance Ellen Bjarnadóttir Thesis of 30 ECTS credits Master of Science in Financial Engineering June 2013 i Real Options in Corporate Finance (Notkun Raunvilnana við töku Fjárfestingaákvarðana) Ellen Bjarnadóttir Thesis of 30 ECTS credits submitted to the School of Science and Engineering at Reykjavík University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Financial Engineering June 2013 Supervisor: Dr.Sverrir Ólafsson. Professor in Financial Mathematichs, Reykjavík University, Iceland Examiner: Dr. Rögnvaldur Sæmundsson Associate Professor, Reyjavík University, Iceland. ii Abstract The way companies value their investment opportunities has changed in recent years. With changing market conditions companies are constantly confronted with investment decisions that are increasingly uncertain. Known investment analysis such as net present value and decision tree analysis increasingly undervalue investment opportunities as they lack the flexibility and ability to modify projects when new information is available. A method based on financial option valuation has become the basis for a new technique to value high risk investment opportunities. It is based on valuation in the risk-neutral world and therefore eliminates investors’ attitude to risk. Real option analysis can capture the value of this increased flexibility, which previous methods have not been able to, such as the option to defer, abandon...
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... Int. J. Technology Enhanced Learning, Vol. X, No. Y, XXXX Effects of mobile gaming patterns on learning outcomes: a literature review Birgit Schmitz*, Roland Klemke and Marcus Specht Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies, Open University of The Netherlands, P.O. Box 2960, 6401 DL Heerlen, Valkenburgerweg 177, Heerlen, The Netherlands Email: birgit.schmitz@ou.nl Email: roland.klemke@ou.nl Email: marcus.specht@ou.nl *Corresponding author Abstract: Within the past decade, a growing number of educational scientists have started to recognise the multifaceted potential that mobile learning games have as a tool for learning and teaching. This paper presents a review of current research on the topic to better understand game mechanisms with regard to learning outcomes. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we introduce a framework of analysis which is based on previous work on game design patterns for mobile games and on learning outcomes. The framework focuses on two aspects,...
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...supervisor Mikael R¨nnqvist o for giving support, inspiration and guidance. Your positive attitude and enthusiasm have meant much to me. I would also like to thank my co-supervisor Jan Lundgren for your support, encouragement and guidance in writing. Thanks to Dick Carlsson at S¨dra Cell AB for very good cooperation and friendo ship. I am grateful to Torbj¨rn Larsson, for always taken time for discussions cono cerning both research and teaching. I appreciate my friendship with Maud G¨the-Lundgren. o Thanks to Mathias Henningsson for good cooperation in teaching and J¨rgen o Blomvall for helping me with computer problems. Thanks to Kaj Holmberg for interesting discussions about decomposition methods. Thanks to Oleg Burdakov and Sven Erlander for encouragement. The group of PhD students has been important for me. Thanks to Maria Daneva, Elina R¨nnberg, Per-˚ke Andersson and Kristian Lundberg for supo A porting me and for all fun discussions. Thanks also to my former colleagues, I miss you all. Thanks to David Bredstr¨m for generating the routes in the second paper. o Thanks also to Anders Folkesson, Kent Hjelm, and Bertil Thunstr¨m at Sydved o Energileveranser AB for good cooperation. Thanks to Pamela Vang and Bj¨rn Lidestam for helping me improving the o English. Thanks to Monika Gustafsson and the other administrative staff who always are willing to provide. Many thanks to...
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...consequences for the economy of many countries is very serious, even now many nations are still struggling to escape difficulty. Just in a short period, the crisis originating from America has spread to all continents. It led to a series of serious consequences such as the falling in stock markets, increasing in unemployment rates, large financial institutions had been collapsed or bought out, and governments in many strong countries had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems. So why does it have tremendous destructive power? What are its causes and its development? What are the consequence it bring to the world? And what are the lessons drawn from this terrible event? Derived from these questions above, this paper will generalize about the global financial crisis 2008. | Table of Contents Abstract i 1. Background 1 2. Reasons 2 2.1 The housing bubble 2 2.2 Fed had lower interest rates for a long time. 2 2.3 The subprime boom 3 2.4 Securitization (MBS, CDO) and Credit default swaps (CDSs) 3 2.5 The credit rating companies. 5 2.6 Structured investment vehicle – SIV 5 2.7 Failure in regulating and monitoring system. 5 3. Development 6 4. Consequences and Impacts 8 4.1. Financial system 8 4.2. Real economy 9 4.3. World trade 9 4.4. Unemployment 10 4.5. Enterprises 11 5. Lessons from Financial Crisis 11 6. Conclusion 11 REFERENCES 12 1. Background The Global Financial Crisis 2008 is considered by...
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...------------------------------------------------- Ireland & Iceland: ------------------------------------------------- Who made the better choice? ------------------------------------------------- Contents 1. Introduction to the financial crisis 2 2. Conditions leading up to the Irish and Icelandic economic crisis 3 2.1 The business cycle 3 2.2 The era of the Irish ‘Celtic Tiger’ 4 2.3 The ‘Financial Vikings’ of Iceland 5 3. Financial crisis response 6 3.1 Government response to the financial crisis 6 3.2 The default decision 10 4. Economic outlook and long-term repercussions 14 5. Conclusion 18 1. Introduction to the financial crisis The Great Recession began in 2007 as the United States housing market fell into a sharp decline. Many economists consider the resulting financial crisis to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. While the crisis can be traced back to a variety of economic origins, the volatility that existed in the world economy from the 1990’s undoubtedly played a large role (Roubini, 2010). The Asian Crisis that arose after the fall of car manufacturer Kia in 1997 and the burst of the Dotcom Bubble in the early 2000’s resulted in many wealthy countries decreasing interest rates to all-time lows to encourage growth in their economies (Roubini, 2010). These low interest rates led consumers, particularly those in the US, to borrow more money than they could afford to repay (Roubini, 2010). During...
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