...R. Lee Continuity and change in Chinese spirit mediumship in urban Malaysia In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 142 (1986), no: 2/3, Leiden, 198-214 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl RAYMOND L. M. LEE CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN CHINESE SPIRIT MEDIUMSHIP IN URBAN MALAYSIA The spirit medium occupies an important position in popular Chinese religion. As an arbiter between the spiritual and the mundane world, he not only provides services in healing and divination but also performs vital roles at temple and spirit festivals. The history of Chinese spirit mediumship can be traced to the Shang Dynasty of the second millennium B.C., where priest-shamans (wu) were accorded high official standing in the imperial courts, until their decline in the late Chou period in the third century B.C.1 However, spirit mediumship did not become obsolete but continued to be practised at the popular level (Yang 1967: 106, 303). Few reports of spirit mediumship in modern China have appeared in print, except for the detailed observations of De Groot (1964) made in the southern provinces in the late nineteenth century. Since then, most anthropologists have studied Chinese spirit mediumship in various Chinese communities, particularly in Taiwan (Jordan 1972, Seaman 1978, Kleinman 1980) and Hong Kong (Potter 1974). Spirit mediumship is also practised in various Chinese communities in Southeast Asia, but few ethnographies have been published...
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... Guidance for this Assignment : | Date set: Task 1 27/1/14 | Date set: Task 2 10/2/14 | Date set: Task 3 24/2/14 | Date set: Task 4 10/3/14 | Remember! | * Your attention is drawn to the comments made in the Course Handbook with regard to both the completion and submission of work * Assessment deadlines must be met * Any student found guilty of cheating or plagiarism may be withdrawn from the unit at the discretion of the Assessment Board. | Internal verification: | Date: | | Name | | | | Signature | | Aim and purpose:-To develop understanding of the principles of Mendelian genetics and to develop knowledge and practical techniques used in commercial, analytical and research laboratories | | GRADING CRITERIA To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | To achieve a Merit grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | To achieve a distinction grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | P1 Compare and contrast the structure of various nucleic acids. | M1 Explain how genetic information can be stored in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA. | D1 Explain the steps involved in biosynthesis of protein including the roles of...
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...Final project Marketing Mangement Submitted to: Sir Zeshan Shaukat Submitted By: Ghulam jilani Zeshan Naseem Zeshan Munir Zeshan javed UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE “Cerelac is a reliable and innovative product and a symbol of commitment. Cerelac is an ideal infant starter and excellent source of energy” TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive summary ……..…………………………………….....4 2. Selection of Nestle cerelac……….……………………………....6 3. Nestle company intro…….………………………………………7 4. Nestle financial data……………………………………………..8 5. Nestle products………………..…………………………………9 6. Nestle Cerelac……………………………………………..….…10 7. Situation analysis………………………………..………………13 8. Market opportunities and issues…………………………………14 9. Objectives…… ……………………………………………….…15 10. Marketing strategy………………………………………………15 11. Target marketing…………………………………………………15 12. Positioning…… …………………………………………………16 13. Marketing Mix……....……………………………………………19 14. Product……… …………………………………………………..19 15. Price………………………………………………………………20 16. Promotion……………….……………………………………..…20 17. Place……………………….……………………………………..21 18. Conclusion………………………………………………….……20 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Business is a never ending race and in the fast running world of business, there is variety...
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...Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol.5, No.4, 2014 www.iiste.org Development of Accounting Theory Based on Islamic Teachings: A Glance over Principle of Al-Adl and Al-Ihsan Shaukat Amer1* Sofri Bin Yahya2 1- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Kamra Road, Attock, Pakistan. 2- Dean, Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia *E-mail of the corresponding author: shaukat_amer@comsats.edu.pk Abstract The beauty of accounting based on Islamic principles is that it not only deals with the valuation but also deals with an inbuilt accountability mechanism. Generally the accounting should be able to perform roles like keeping safe custody of interests, certifying true and fair view of business, enabling accountability and providing reliable information for successful decision making to all the stakeholders. In this context there are three main issues with respect to present system of setting accounting standards. These are undue pressures of certain groups in setting these standards, no role of owners in setting these standards, and flexibility/discretion in applying these standards which may lead to subjectivity. These may results in incorrect valuation of business transactions, increasing management discretion which in return will increase corporate governance issues including incorrect financial reporting, earning management and limiting decision making ability of the stakeholders. In order to...
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...Research Method (Sarah) Introduction The research method is outlined by an alternative study of the plan. This study will look at three main aspects: the technical specifications of the subject matter, the personal account, and the literary interpretation. The architectural plan is traditionally represented without the human figure, or as Robin Evans has pointed out, drawn as “amoebic” figures. Architectural drawings are often studied with a technical slant, although architecture has long been considered as “social artifact”1 . Thus literature, accompanied by photographic illustrations, is emergent as a device to test architectural apparatus, particularly in the domestic realm where aspects of dwelling and occupancy are not as closely recorded in formal documents as its physical history (e.g. building completion, demolition). This enables us to investigate the relationship between the building plan and its occupants, to understand the architecture as a dwelling. Technical specifications The Pearl Bank Apartments, built in 1972, was built to offer a transcendent mode of living that differentiated the uppermiddle class. More than its unprecedented stature that boasted an elite model of highdensity living, an interior component was specifically marketed as a key selling point — the living room. In the original Pearl Bank Apartments sales brochure, the text and images boast a large and brightlylit living room attached to a doublevolume ...
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...COMESA COMPETE EAC FEWSNET FNSJTF GAC GMAC GOM GTPA ICRISAT MACE MBS MoAFS MoIT MRA NASFAM NEPAD NFRA NPQS NSO SMIP SPS SABI SADC SFRFFM USAID VCA WFP WRS Agriculture Commodity Exchange for Africa Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa Agriculture Input Subsidy Program Agriculture Development and Marketing Board Civil Society for Agriculture Network Chibuku Products Ltd. Clinton Hunger Development Initiative Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Competitiveness and Trade Expansion Programme East African Community Famine Early Warning System Network Food Nutrition and Security Joint Task Force Group Action Committee Grain Marketing Advisory Council Government of Malawi Grain Traders and Processors Association International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Malawi Agricultural Commodity Exchange Malawi Bureau of Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Ministry of Industry and Trade Malawi Revenue Authority National Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi New Partnership for Africa‘s Development National Food Reserves Agency National Plant Quarantine Service National Statistics Office Sorghum and Millet Improvement Programme Sanitary and Phytosanitary Sustainable Agri-Business Initiative Southern Africa Development Community Smallholder Farmer Revolving Fertilizer Fund of Malawi United States Agency for International Development Value Chain Analysis World Food...
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...720th Special Tactics Strategic Analysis The 720 Special Tactics Group Strategic Analysis Strategic Planning OM 5040 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Background 4 History 7 Organization 11 Mission statement 13 Mission 13 Mission Task 13 Vision statement analysis 15 Strategic management Application 17 Value Chain 18 Primary Activities 18 Support Activities 19 Translating...
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...transportation sector because of its utility as an octane booster, fuel additive, and even as neat fuel (Mudliar, et. al., 2009). Bioethanol can be derived from organic materials, such as energy crops like corn, wheat, sugar cane, sugar beet, and cassava, among others (Neves, et. al., 2007). However, due to their primary utility as food, these crops cannot provide the global demand for bioethanol production. Among other feedstock for bioethanol production, biomass has been reported ideal and well-suited because of its large-scale availability, low cost, and environmentally benign production (Brodeur, 2011). Feedstock biomass is an organic matter that can be converted into energy from crop residues and agricultural wastes like rice straw (Bracmont, 2012). Rice straw is consists predominantly of cell...
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...Yen Tran Ex. 32-1 a. Alisa brought the injured bird home and fashioned a splint out of Popsicle sticks for its wing. b. Considered a classic of early animation, the Adventures of Prince Achmed used hand cut silhouettes against color backgrounds. c. If you complete the evaluation form and return it within two weeks, you will receive a free breakfast during your next stay. d. Correct. e. Roger had always wanted a handmade violin, but he couldn’t afford one. 1. While I was driving, a huge delivery truck ran through a red light. 2. He pushed the car beyond the tollgate and poured a bucket of water on the smoking hood. 3. Lit by bright halogen lamps, hundreds of origami birds sparkled, like diamonds in sunlight. 4. Correct. 5. Many musicians of Bach’s time played several instruments, but few mastered them as early or played with as much expression as Bach. Ex. 32-2 A. J. R. R. Tolkien finished writing his draft of The Lord of the Rings trilogy in 1949, but the first book in the series wasn’t published until 1954. B. In the first two minutes of its ascent, the space shuttle had broken the sound barrier and reached a height of over twenty-five miles. C. German shepherds can be gentle guide dogs, or they can be fierce attack dogs. D. Some former professional cyclists claim that the use of performance-enhancing drugs is widespread in cycling, and they argue that no rider can be competitive without doping. E. As an intern, I...
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... Group Seven Candidate, 08 Class C、B、H Business Communication，06 Class A Translation 梁景衡08319296 赵必进08319290 邓天添08319321 张玉梨08319446 陈一楠08319328 陈阳 06320032 徐昱 08319287 张韵 08319398 Instructor: 向蔓 School of International Studies Sun Yat-sen University December 2009 Contents Executive Summary 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Mission 1.3 Keys to Success Company Summary 2.1 Company Ownership 2.2 Company History 2.3 Company Locations and Facilities Products 3.1Product Description 3.2 Competitive Comparison 3.3 Sourcing Market Analysis Summary 4.1 Market research 4.2 Clientele 4.3 Competitors Strategy and Implementation Summary 5.1 Marketing Strategy 5.1.1 Promotion Strategy 5.1.2 Pricing Strategy 5.2 Sales Strategy 5.2.1 Strategy forecast 5.2.2 Sales program 5.3 Milestones Management Summary 6.1 Organizational Structure 6.2 Management Team 6.3 Management Team Gaps 6.4 Personnel Plan Domestic Policies of Export of Service Executive Summary J-Kungfu fast food brand seeks triumphs in marching into New York by excellent services and delicate nutritious steamed food. We predict an expansion of the brand’s scale in the first year with profits exceeding expectations. And in the next two years, we will try to increase the...
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...no. 1-0023 Starbucks Coffee Company* On an overcast February afternoon in 2000, Starbucks CEO Orin Smith gazed out of his office window in Seattle and contemplated what had just occurred at his company’s annual shareholder meeting. In prior years, the meeting had always been a fun, all-day affair where shareholders from around the country gathered to celebrate the company’s success. This year, however, Smith and other senior Starbucks executives heard an earful from the activist group Global Exchange. A human rights organization dedicated to promoting environmental, political, and social justice around the world, Global Exchange criticized Starbucks for profiting at the farmer’s expense by paying low prices and not buying “fair trade” beans. Not only did the activists disrupt the company’s annual meeting to the point that the convention hall security police asked the activists to leave, but they also threatened a national boycott if the company refused to sell and promote fair trade coffee. Although Smith strongly disagreed with using the shareholders meeting as a public forum, he knew there was a strong likelihood his company could face serious reprisals if it did not address the issues raised by Global Exchange. Fair trade began after World War II as religiously–affiliated, non-profit organizations purchased handmade products for resale from European producers. During the 1970s and 1980s, the concept evolved further into buying crafts from low-income, third-world producers...
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...Japanese to English as "leave luck to heaven".[10] As of October 18, 2010, Nintendo has sold over 565 million hardware units and 3.4 billion software units.[11] Contents * 1 History o 1.1 As a card company (1889–1956) o 1.2 New ventures (1956–1974) o 1.3 Electronic era (since 1974) + 1.3.1 Handheld console history * 2 Infrastructure o 2.1 Key Executives o 2.2 Offices and locations * 3 Software development studios o 3.1 First-party studios o 3.2 Second-party studios o 3.3 Former affiliates * 4 Policy o 4.1 Emulation o 4.2 Content guidelines o 4.3 License guidelines o 4.4 Seal of Quality + 4.4.1 NTSC regions + 4.4.2 PAL regions o 4.5 Environmental record * 5 See also * 6 Notes * 7 References * 8 Further reading * 9 External links [edit] History Main article: History of Nintendo Former headquarters plate, from when Nintendo was solely a playing card company [edit] As a card company (1889–1956) Nintendo was founded as a card company in late 1889, originally...
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...Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 3(5): 385-389, 2011 ISSN: 2042-4876 © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011 Submitted: September 12, 2011 Accepted: September 30, 2011 Published: October 25, 2011 Concept of Halal Food and Biotechnology Jabar Zaman Khan Khattak, Asif Mir, 1Zubair Anwar, 1Hussain Mustatab wahedi, 2 Ghulam Abbas, 3Haider Zaman Khan Khattak and 1Humaira Ismatullah 1 Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2 Adaptive Research Farm, Karor, District Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan 3 Islamic Food and Nutrional Council, Toronto, Canada Abstract: Almost every Muslim either fully practicing Islam or not is seriously concerned about what he or she eats. Muslims observe the divine laws in every aspect of life. There is a complete code of dietary laws present in the Holy Quran for the followers of Islam. Some basic principles are described as all foods are permitted except those mentioned clearly in the Holy Quran. The most recent advancements of biotechnology in field of food industry like status of GMO’s, use of genes, enzymes, food additives or enhancer in food in Islam deduced by the Ijma or Qiyas. These if obtained from plant origin would be considered as Halal. If obtained from animals then Islamic Shari’ah put some restrictions about the animal that it should be permitted by Supreme law giver, and should be fit, clean and wholesome for health. The world has become global supermarket with the...
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...(PART I) TRENDS ON NUTRITION : A Paradigm Shift INTRODUCTION The Hospitality Industry plays a vital role in the Nurtition of our society specifically the Food and Beverage Industry. It caters to all kinds of people, rich or poor, single or married, male or female, individual consumer or family, it has no limit. With the new life style of today’s world, where both parents are working, high demand of work hours and hectic schedules, people tend to divert in fastfood products than cooking at home. This resulted somehow to create health problems of the cumsumers since not everyone in the Food and Beverage Industry is concern about the food they are serving. However, most of them value profit first and unconcious over the health benefits of the food products. Nutrition is a language of healthy life, proper diet and wellness of everyone. The advocacy of “Health is Wealth” is in every corner of the world but sad to note that the number of malnutrition in the Philippines alone, is increasing. According to statistics, under Poverty, Children and Health (Inquirer.net)malnutrition increased from 2005 to 2008, the prevalence of underweight children aged 0-5 years increased from 24.6 percent to 26.2 percent, about 3.35 million children. Another problem that concerns nutrition, is the rampant obesity. Obesity is more of a life and death issue than simply looking “bad.” Obese people are much more higher to develop diabetes type 2 and if not given extra attention will also cause...
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...Soybean Exports to China Purpose Trading has largely improved over the existence of China as restrictions and wars have been very prominent in China’s history. This paper looks at soybeans and how they have been a part of China’s importing history. China has become a vital export market for United States soybeans and without those customers, prices would be much lower than those seen in today’s market. Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………4 Situational Analysis……………………………………………………………………….5 Country History……………………………………………………………………………6 Cultural Overview…………………………….……………………………………………7 Political Environment………………………………………………………………………8 Export Marketing Plan……………………….……………………………………………..9 Economic Development…………………………………………………………………….10 Purchasing Power…………………..……………………………………………….10 Wages………………………………….……………………………………………11 Infrastructure………………………………………………………………………..11 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………11 References………………………………….……………………………………………….13 Appendix A………………………………………………………………………………….15 Appendix B………………………………………………………………………………….16 Abstract The soybean has been traced to the eastern half of North China in the eleventh century B.C. Soybean production was localized in China until after the Chinese-Japanese war of 1894-95, when the Japanese began to import soybean oil cake for use as fertilizer. A worldwide shortage of feed protein in the early 1970's led to the initiation of large-scale soybean production in several South American...
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