The purpose of the research is to discuss possible security threat across the borders happened due to the ethnic conflict of Myanmar. In this era of globalization, internal factors of a state can produce some external impacts on other neighboring countries; which is commonly known as a “spillover effects” in political science. Some cases even become so much critical to solve, that the whole continent become affected by the problem. The impact of that ethnic conflict becomes so vulnerable, that the case has not been concealed nationally but also become an international phenomenon. In my case, the problem has become a huge threat to national and international security system. The hypothesis of the paper is to conducting possible security threat across the borders, particularly in the whole south-Asian region.
The ethnic violence in Myanmar has some direct impact on social, political and economic processes at national and international levels. In fact, the conflict can result not only in destabilizing the trade and security of Myanmar, but also of the surrounding states. But my concern is focusing the ongoing security issue inside and across borders due to that conflict. That’s why, I think this is a very urgent matter to study and its totally connected with the problem of IR. (Koser 2005, pp- 12) International communities could not able to present perfect legislation or implement new constitution for that particular case so far in order to address the problem of security threat and securitization of migration. (Ibrahim 2005, pp.-183)

Research Question: “Are Rohingya Muslims as a Irregular migrants creating security threat across the borders by taking shelter on different neighboring countries due to their nation’s ongoing ethnic conflict? “
Migration has not always been associated with threat. Migration has proved the mediating factor for the production and the development for a country in previous time. In addition, almost 120 million people living in other countries other than where they were born. The number of people movement was so noticeable that twentieth century has been called “The age of migration” (Ibrahim 2005, pp-167). A migrant can enter a country in an irregular fashion, but then regularize their status on that country anyway. As an example, an asylum seeker can become regular migrants when their application gets rejected but they stay in their destination country without authority. The most obvious divergence is between the interests of migrants and states trying to control their entry concerning the security threat evolved by the flow of new immigrants. In certain, more extreme discourses, irregular migration has also been perceived as a threat to state security (Koslowski 2004). Specifically, irregular migration and asylum, it has been suggested, may provide channels for potential terrorists to enter other countries. (Koser 2005, pp- 10) The violence spread all over neighboring countries and resulted huge displacement ad renewed asylum flows creating huge security treat on welcoming countries. According to UNHCR, they estimates from June 2012 to may 2013, nearly 27, 800 people migrated on boats towards to Bangladesh, and most of them are Muslim Rohingya people. Some Qualitive data I have used to show the critical level of that problem. I used Human rights reports/graphs, public Journals, different newspaper’s articles; and some expert discussions are the base of my research design.
Another survey shows that total estimation of Rohingya refugees or asylum seekers on neighboring countries. (Dr. Cameron, 2013: Web) Country | Rohingya Refugees | Non-Rohingya refugees from Myanmar | Bangladesh | 223000 | | Malaysia | 24,000 | 56,000 | Thailand | 6000 | 145000 | India | 4000 | 76000 | Problems with Regional Security across the borders: I am going to describe how these neighboring countries get affected and troubling with regional threat by these unwanted extreme numbers of refugees. Bangladesh, which is one of the poorest countries, is hardly providing the basic rights and needs to their own citizens overall, however, Bangladesh have been getting largest number of exiled Rohingya since the very beginning of the Myanmar violence; becomes unaffordable to provide basic health and education services to these huge migrants. An online newspaper named bdnews24.com published, “Myanmar has ignored repeatedly calls by Bangladesh to take back its citizens. On the contrary, “ Dhaka claims the illegal Rihingya are involved with various criminals activities. They also have been caught while accepting fake Bangladeshi passports. (Colin 2013, Web)

In Thailand, Thai authorities claimed and marked Rohingya asylum seekers, getting involved with trafficking and smuggling, inhuman detention, shootings, and many criminal activities. Thailand took the policy to sending them back as their nation security becomes threaten for them, although they provided temporary accommodation for 1700 Rohingya people, as they don’t have option to go back and no other third country is willing to accept them. (Dr Cameron , 2013: Web)

In addition, Human Rights Watch has said that the Rohingyas have totally scattered due to the latest ethnic clash. 
Since the conflict broke out, whole region (Asia) had gone under pressure because almost 75,000 Rohingya people were displacing and mostly were Muslims. Economic migrants always try to arrive in some developed countries in order to get better jobs and life. Malaysia and some other countries in Asia are very much popular in terms of jobs and good lifestyles amongst them. But soon after the secretarian violence between Buddhists and Muslim in the past year has led to rising the numbers of ethnic Rohingya fleeing on those countries. In Indonesia and Malaysia, UNHCR has faced a increase number of Rohingya Muslims as irregular migrants in recent few months. It’s become a challenge for the organization to deliver the protection of new migrants considering the state security; and due to the lacking of legal framework to deal with increasing number of refugees, state security has become a top prioritized issue on those countries. (Dr Cameron , 2013: Web)

On the other hand, ongoing peace negotiations between the Government and insurgent groups come in a decision about the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs), as well as refugees from Myanmar in Thailand. (UNHCR: Web)
Theory:
In the theoretical part, spillover effect under the concept of Regionalization and Buzan’s Regional Security complex are goes perfectly with my research project concerning that region-based problem. Regional security complex theory will be discussed mostly in my project; but nevertheless, neo-realism and constructivism theories will also show some new dimension in my research project.
Regionalization s a concept that is based upon by four broad approaches, these four approaches are very major concept in the case of International co-operation. These are the realist or state-centric approach, secondly, the economic or firm-centric approach, thirdly, the institutionalist approach and finally, a historical political approach which builds on a dialectical relationship between state and the market, domestic and international capital, and institutions and structural contexts. (Ananya 1997: pp. 236)
According to Buzan, He always gave priority in three-level security systems, which are Individuals, states and international systems, in my case, it is also three- levels problem where every section is terribly affected. Buzan considers two major theoretical concepts in the failure of security systems, neorealism and constructivism. He mostly accepts the Neorealists perspective, where he says, “the international political system is an anarchy, which is to say that its principal defining characteristic is the absence of overarching government”. (Marianne 2009: pp. 3) But realist approach sometimes overlap the neorealism approach, when it comes” pure struggle for power”, Where Myanmar largest Buddhist group trying to abolish the Muslim minority (Rohingya group) from their country totally.
The ethnic conflict is creating problem on three fields; economic, societal and environmental securities. but in my case, I will remain more specific on the “societal security”. Societal threat is all about lack of identity and balance in the specific state. According to Buzan, weak state remains often ill equipped to preserve identity and culture. In my case, the state Myanmar affected due to the poor ideology and ethnicity behavior over Rohingya Muslims. Buzan also defines regional security complexity in his own style. According to Buzan, The concept of regional security is a large term, and studying this term Buzan states, “Security is a relational phenomenon. Because security is relational, one cannot understand the national security of any given state without understanding the international pattern of security interdependence in which it is embedded.” (Marianne 2009: pp. 5) This issue spills over into Bangladesh, China, Thailand and some other south Asian neighboring countries due to that reason. It was obvious according to his analysis that of regional security and it affects of security concept as a whole. (Marianne 2009: pp. 3-6)

Methodology:
It’s become a huge social phenomenon across the region. And According to Halprin and heath, social phenomena should be analyzed by approaching three different individual terms, which is positivism, scientific realism, and interpretivism, for conducting a good political research; we should explore the differences among them regarding the particular phenomena. (Halprin, 2012- pp.25) These three approaches are different from others with respect to its ontological, epistemological and methodological premises. As we know Ontology talks about “what is”, it is the existence ad reality of the social world. Epistemology talks “what is knowable”, and how can we know about it. Methodology talks about the strategies we use to gain the knowledge. Positivism is in another word is “Behaviouralism”, where political behavior based on some positive approach to knowledge. A positivist (rational choice) and interpretivist(constructivist) approach can be offered for the ethnic conflict of Myanmar. Rational choice theory is the study of how people determine strategies in different situations. How an individual actor (Myanmar Govt.) makes decision in game-like situations is the study of Strategic political interactions. Interpretivism talks about that the social world is fundamentally different from the natural world. However, Social world is more obvious that the world we experience and what is subjectively created. This social world cannot exist independently. So, the social world is totally different from the natural science, as lots basic objects are different from the natural world. This interpretivist concept is quite similar with constructivist approach.
A “game” is a certain situation where there is fixed set of players or agents (Major Buddhist community), with having strategies available to them (demolishing Rakhaine Muslim minority); competing against one another. There each players act rationally, and make rational decision about what others pursue based on a calculation of costs and using different strategies for achieving their preferred outcomes. Quantitive analysis often tests for the presence of casual mechanism as well. Quantative method gives answers with democracy and democratization, civil war, ethnic conflict and voting behavior. My research project is descriptive and explanatory, which is essential with that method in large extent. Comparative methods can be distinguished primarily in terms of how many countries are compared and how the for analysis are selected. According to Buzan, epistemological methodology can also be considered one of the major contributions in the field of IR. The method attempts to emphasise the practical aspects of the discipline of IR along with understanding of conflicts and issues in Mynamar. To deal with the problem, which Buzan calls “national security problem”, micro/macro methodology can be used for that as well (Marianne 2009: pp. 3). In my research project, that comparative method shows the bad impact on surrounding states of Myanmar and their ongoing unsolved problem. (Halprin 2012, pp.27) Considering the consistent assumptions of rational choice and constructive approach regarding the matter, a hidden truth is coming out which is Myanmar govt. playing as actor not to solve the violence, and letting the Rakhaine people make their own way out. According to the rational choice theory, states or agents act on the basis of fixed interests and constructivist assume that interests can only develop by the control of actors how he holds himself or others. That’s how, the methodology approach also showing the reality under the mask.

Bibliography
Ananya Mukherjee Reed, Regionalization in South Asia: Theory and Praxis,
Source: Pacific Affairs, Vol. 70, No. 2 (Summer, 1997), pp. 235-251
Web accessed: 8th December, 2013.
< http://www.jstor.org/stable/2760774
Colin Hinshelwood (24 September, 2013), “Bangladesh Parliament debates birth control for Rohingya refugees”, Ethnic issues. [Web Accessed on: 26 November, 2013 <http://www.dvb.no/news/bangladesh-parliament-debates-birth-control-for-rohingya- refugees-burma-myanmar/32763>
Düvell, Franck and Vollmer, Bastian (2011), Improving EU and US Immigration Systems' Capacity for Responding to Global Challenges: Learning from experiences, EU-US Immigration Systems [series number], Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI): European University Institute, [2011].
Dr Cameron Hill, “Myanmar: sectarian violence in Rakhine-issus, humanitarian, consequences and regional responses” Parliament of Australia. Published: 24 July, 2013[Web Accessed on: 23rd November, 2013] http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_L ibrary/pubs/rp/rp1314/Myanmar
Halperin Sandra & Heath Oliver (2012). “Political Research: Methods and Practical Skills. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ibrahim, Maggie. (2005). The Securitization of Migration: a Racial Discourse. International Migration 43(5), pp. 163-184.

Koser, Khalid(2005), “ Irregular migration, state security and human security”, Global Commission on International Migration, pp. 2-33; [Web Accessed on: 16th Sept, 2013] <http://iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/policy_and_research /gcim/tp/TP5.pdf>

Marianne Stone (2009). “Security According to Buzan : A Comprehensive Security Analysis. Security Discussion Papers Series 1. USA. [online]. Accessed on 7th December, 2013.
Available at <http://geest.msh-paris.fr/IMG/pdf/Security_for_Buzan.mp3.pdf]. >

“Migrant Smuggling”, UNODC-United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes. [Web accessed on: 15 th November, 2013] <http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/smuggling-of- migrants.html?ref=menuside> “2013 UNHCR regional operations profile- south-east- asia” , UNHCR- the UN Refugee agency, Web accessed on: 15 th November, 2013] < http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e487546.html>