...Assess the view that the Roman Catholics were a serious threat to Elizabeth I and the church she established. Despite the fact that some Catholics did pose a threat towards the Elizabethan Church, this was never serious or organised enough to abolish the church and threaten the Queen. Many historians such as Diarmiad MacCulloch, Christopher Haigh, Wallace MacCaffrey and Alan Dures have engaged in debate about this topic, coming to different conclusions. As some historians such as MacCulloch and Haigh argue, the Roman Catholics were never a serious threat to the church because it was merely an upper class movement under the missionaries, and was unable to influence the masses. On the other hand, MacCaffrey and Dures have argued that the Catholics were a real threat to the church as Elizabeth’s attempts to suppress opposition were unsuccessful, and there were many serious plots against her life. As this difference in opinion shows, there are a range of opinions as to whether events such as the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots, the 1570 Papal Bull of Excommunication and the 1583 Throckmorton Plot were serious threats towards the church itself. Furthermore, the threat to the Elizabethan Church differs amongst different groups of Catholics, as the Jesuits arguably posed more of a threat than more mediocre groups such as the Church Papists. Nevertheless, although some Catholics did pose a serious threat to the church, this was not the case for the majority of Elizabeth’s reign. As...
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...In his lifetime Albrecht made some famous paintings, but not as famous as Da Vinci or Michelangelo. Durer began as an apprentice for his Dad as gold smith and took lessons with Michael Wolgemut. At the age of thirteen, he made his first self-portrait. "In his apprenticeship under Wolgemut, Durer learned the art of woodcut, which at the time was used primarily for illustrated books" ("ABOUT THE ARTIST"). This meant that he could carve an image on a piece of wood and then he could duplicate his paintings, for instance, his painting the "Rhinoceros" was first a sketch and he made a woodcut. He would spread the ink on the wood then press the wood tablet on a piece of paper. He was so talented that, "His woodcuts inspired the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I to use the medium for colossal commemorative projects, in which Dürer played a leading part" ("Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)"). To add to his talent, he made about 930 paintings, many of those where self-portiats of him-self or other people, but he also did something that many other painters did not do. He made portraits of hands, animals and (DELETE) other anomalies of animals or humans. Durer was very versatile when it can to paintings and woodcuts. Durer was an ambitions man always wanting to learn and paint. His ambitious could be seen in every stroke and detail. Whenever he thought of an idea, he drew it. "His watercolors mark him as one of the first European landscape artists, while his ambitious...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...Marie Amelie Augustine Victoire Clementine Leopoldine was born in 1840 to King Leopold I of Belgium and Louise Marie d’Orleans, eldest daughter of King Louis Philippe of France.1 She was christened Marie Charlotte Amelie. Her mother Louise suggested calling her Charlotte in memory of King’ Leopold’s first wife, Princess Charlotte Augusta, who died in childbirth at Castle Clermont near Esher.2 Charlotte was extraordinarily intelligent. She was able to read before she was three years old. Charlotte worshipped her father, even though characteristically, King Leopold preferred not to have had a daughter, but a third son to assure his dynasty. By her fourth birthday, Charlotte had become her father’s pet, and he showered her with presents and a crown of roses. She was much like Leopold, interested in talking like a grown up and using complicated words. She was a happy, beautiful child with large dark eyes and black hair. She was very affectionate with her family and loved to play with her pet cat.3 In the summer of 1850, her grandfather, King Louis Phillippe, died in England. Her mother Queen Louise of Belgium never recovered from her father’s death. By October 10, 1850, she was dead. King Leopold, who had never been close to his sons, found consolation in his daughter’s company. The gay, affectionate child changed almost...
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...Maria Theresa was born on May 13, 1717 in Vienna, Austria. Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and his wife, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel welcomed their first daughter, Maria Theresa and she was born at Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria. Marias father was the last remaining male heir to the Habsburg throne, so before she was born, fearing that he might not produce a son that could rule the Kingdom. Maria’s Theresa’s education and upbringing were typical of a princess's at the time. Her studies focused on lighthearted skills thinking they would benefit her but instead the benefitted a young nobleman. Despite the fact of that she didnt have a brother still she was the only child and increasing the chance to inherit the Habsburg throne,...
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...Bazin, Germain. The History of World Sculpture. New York Graphic Society, 1968. I discovered The History of World Sculpture by conducting a search on the art library’s online catalog. After finding the book’s call number. I received assistance from a librarian in locating the publication on the oversized book section of the Sloane Art Library. As inferred from the title, the amount of information in this publication was daunting, however, once I located the section specifically on Roman sculpture, I found that the information it offered would be useful for my research, particularly because of the background it provided on how the Romans adopted Greek styles. Translated from French, I did an online search on the author, Germain Bazin, and discovered...
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...Methods of Evangelism Yvette A. Vega Liberty University Online The Roman Road The Romans Road is an academic evangelistic method of sharing the Gospel which uses an orderly method in laying out the plan of salvation through Bible verses in the book of Romans. It establishes who needs salvation, why we need salvation, how God provides that salvation, how can man respond to Gods provision of salvation, and the result of man responding to Gods salvation. The benefit of using the seven verses is that they are all located in the book of Romans. This method the Bible verses are ordered into a straight forward teaching that is easy to outline to a person that you may be trying to share the Gospel with. Initially the case is established who is in need of salvation, (everyone), then . “As it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.” (Romans 3:10-12 New International Bible {NIV}). “For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,” (Romans 3:23 NIV) In these few verses we establish the fact that everyone is unrighteous before God and in need of Salvation. After establishing the need for salvation “for the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.” (Romans 6:23 NIV). The result of our sin is death. God however provides a way for our salvation “ But God...
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...playwright, John Heywood used the expression “Rome was not built in a day” to make the argument that great things take time to build. In the song “Clique”, Kanye West boasts, “so I just meditate at the home in Pompeii/about how I could build a new Rome in one day” (101-102). In these lines, the always hubris Kanye accepts Heywood’s challenge and plots how he can build a new Rome in one day. There is no question that Kanye cannot rebuild the Roman Empire in one day, nevertheless the real question is how could one of the most powerful ancient empires fall? Over the years, historians have attributed the fall of the Roman Empire to many different factors. I believe that immigration played the biggest role in the fall of the Roman Empire...
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...THE ROMANS AND CHINA Robert King HIEU 201-B05 September 29th, 2014 The West and East both had major super powers at the same time. The Romans in the West and the Han Dynasty in the East. Both had no idea how large the other was. The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty both had created strong government systems, military and had vast technology advancement. Though they had major differences, they both made a lasting impression on Eastern and Western civilization as we know it today At the height of the Roman Empire it had close to nineteen provinces stretching as far as Syria. "The simple mention of the Roman Empire is sometimes enough to conjure up an image of something that is immensely stable." Roman's had an emperor which ultimately controlled everything. As same to the Han dynasty the emperor came to power with no regards to the law. The Roman empire had a different way to govern a provinces and a cities. they had some freedom on running their government but always had to pay tax and had to take command from a assigned governor. Then Han dynasty like the Roman's used their military power to take over their land. At the height of the Han dynasty they had thirty-one districts, creating law, currency, a weight system and a measurement system. These systems where to overtake old ones in all of the China. This did not go as well as the Romans approach. The Roman empire took control of areas but did not try and change their culture as much. They still had their own...
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...Nathalie Graham Liberty University Online The Romans Road Summary of Method – The Romans Road is an “intellectual” plan using a collection of verses from the New Testament book of Romans to explain God’s gift of salvation. When these verses are arranged in order they offer a systematic presentation of the plan of salvation (What is Roman’s Road?) Through the presentation of these verses one learns that we are all sinners (Romans 3:10, 23), that the wages of sin are death (Romans 6:23), that Jesus paid for our sins on the cross (Romans5:8), that salvation comes through faith, by confessing with our mouths and believing in our hearts that Jesus is Lord (Romans 10:9,10), and the need to call on the Lord for salvation (Romans 10:13) (What Is Roman’s Road?). The sharing of these scriptures opens the door for one to accept salvation. Advantages of Using This Method – There are several advantages to using this method of evangelism. First, for those that are new to witnessing to others the Roman’s Road offers a solid Biblical plan to winning souls. This method is laid out so that even children and the newest Christian would be able to share Christ with others using the scriptures. Secondly, the plan exposes the non-believer to the scriptures. Thirdly, this method is effective in reaching those that accept that the Bible is the Word of God and are willing to accept its teachings. Disadvantages of Using This Method – The Romans Road method of evangelism could be seen as methodical...
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...Ephesians 4:1-6 states, "As a prisoner for the Lord, then, I urge you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received. Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love. Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of the peace. There is one body and one Spirit "just as you were called to one hope just as you were called to one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and Father of all, who is the over all and through all and in all". This scripture is so powerful, yet so simple. Selected this passage because it pertains to everyone’s problems and daily issues. Drama does not discriminate by color, race, sex, age or class, it is a universal issues that we all must go through and learn from. I also selected this passage because of I am working on in my personal life. My mother always told me that you have to have patience, that is was a virtue. As a young girl I had no idea of the magnitude the characteristics of patience would be worth. I have a young son and with children you have to learn to be patient. Children have the ability to make you proud, however obtain the same ability to work you down to your last nerve. But over my several years of parenting and growing with Christ I’ve learned that I must first acquire patience with my child. Children are more prone to listen and be obedient when you use a warm and soft tone, rather than a yelling angry tone which in turn will scare them and discourage any type of obedience....
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...During the last century BC the Roman Republic was in turmoil, civil wars had wrecked the country, and out of these conflicts came a powerful dictator the general known as Sulla. Sulla took power through corruption and violence. His dictatorship was characterised by the constitutional reforms that he tried to implement in order to prevent future violence, and paradoxically to retain the traditional Roman power distribution. These reforms did not create an environment in which the Roman Republic was better off, the senate was weakened and corrupted and he failed to curtail the power that the major generals had gained through the Marian reforms. Furthermore he damaged the republic by setting a precedent for future leaders to follow when he marched on Rome with his own army, an example which would be followed by generals such as Caesar. Whilst there was a certain inevitability surrounding the fall of the Roman Republic, some scholars believe that through concerted efforts to reduce the power of the military Sulla could have saved the Republic. Sulla’s reforms, whilst they were able to be enforced by him, curbed the violence and made the Roman Republic a more civil society, however, once he was no longer around the Republic reverted back to violence and instability. This shows that these reforms lacked popular following and there was no longevity in them. Sulla’s dictatorship, though brief, made many changes to the Roman system that would not remain in place after his leadership ended...
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...Greco-Roman Architecture is still very strong among the modern world today. The architectural and design of the Union Station in Washington D.C. reflect very distinguishing influences from the Greco-Roman civilization. Embellishments of the Triumphal Arches, the Arch of Constantine Rome are two examples of designs in building that commemorate military triumphs and gave authentication to military power and Roman Emperors. The Union Station embodies imagery much like the Arch of Constantine, along with Ionic columns, chiseled inscriptions and allegorical sculptures. Considering many buildings such as the Union Station, The Smithsonian, The Eisenhower Executive Office, The Washington National Cathedral, and The Library of Congress, many monuments...
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...Greek and Roman Architecture Art as been around since the beginning of time and takes form in many different ways. Two of my favorite styles of architecture are Greek and Roman, which started around 600 BC. Since Ancient Greek architecture influenced Ancient Roman architecture there are a lot of similarities in their art, culture, and styles. Even though, there are also a lot of differences because both techniques have unique characteristics. Ancient Greek art form was used to show natural and philosophical things. Greek architecture influenced how the Romans evolved and shaped their architecture. But the Romans art typically took on a type of propaganda form. They would paint people standing broad and tall, clean and healthy, to make them look more appealing to the public, when actually, they were perhaps, below par, if you will. One example of this, which is talked about in the book, The Power of Art, p. 14-15, is the painting of Henry VIII. He is portrayed as a handsome man who is very healthy. He is dressed as best as he could be, wearing bright colors and decorated with beautiful gems as if he is trying to put on a show or make a statement, busting at the seams, when actually he was growing tired with his aging skin. It is believed that his belly in the painting was portrayed to be smaller than it really was. He also had an ulcer on his leg at the time of the painting. Another example of the Romans using paintings as propaganda links to Henry VIII. His fourth wife, Anne...
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