...organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2010, Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation Version: (A) 2010-10-25 THE FIRST FIVE YEARS Sébastien Kopp and François-Ghislain Morillion (see Exhibit 1), recent business graduates in their twenties, had traveled the planet looking for a cool way to do business.1 In 2005, they settled in Brazil, where they founded Veja,2 the first ethical sneaker company in the world. The Veja sneakers were made from wild latex sourced from the Amazon river area (Amazonia) to mitigate rubber tree deforestation, from Brazilian organic cotton to enhance biodiversity and from vegetable-tanned leather to prevent water pollution. These sneakers not only made consumers look good but also prompted them to take a closer look at bigger issues, such as the use of pesticides, genetically modified crops and fair-trade labor practices. Kopp and Morillion had designed and produced several sneaker collections, had launched brand extensions (e.g. Veja Baby and Veja Kids), had opened offices in...
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...UNIT I DEFORESTATION CHAPTER 1 What is deforestation? Deforestation is the removal or damage of vegetation in a forest to the extent that it no longer supports its natural flora and fauna. In other words, deforestation can be defined as the transformation of forest land to non-forest uses where forest land includes lands under agro-forestry and shifting cultivation, and not simply closed canopy primary forests (FAO/UNEP, 1982). However, this definition does not include “logging”. More inclusive was Myers’s 1980 definition, where deforestation refers, “generally to the complete destruction of forest cover through clearing for agriculture … [so] … that not a tree remains, and the land is given over to non-forest purposes … [and where] very heavy and unduly negligent logging … [result in a] … decline of biomass and depletion of ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum...
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...TM Beyond branches Innovations in emerging-market banking A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit www.eiu.com Beyond branches Innovations in emerging-market banking Contents Introduction Innovative financiers A successful formula in Peru Going mobile in India The allure of transfers Profits among the poor Banks extending their reach Riverboat lenders in Brazil Small loans prove profitable in Indonesia Attijariwafa looks south in Africa Betting on savings in Colombia Partnerships with retailers A shopping trip to the branch in Latin America Retail channels in Mexico Policy initiatives Take it from their salaries in Brazil Push for Islamic finance in Malaysia 2 5 6 9 12 15 18 19 21 23 25 28 29 31 33 34 37 1 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2012 Beyond branches Innovations in emerging-market banking Introduction B anks in emerging markets are increasingly weighty in global finance and still enjoy plenty of room to grow in their home markets. But they will do so in innovative ways that set them apart from the lenders of the developed world. The continuing rise of emerging markets will boost the importance of banks in developing countries in the coming decades. These financial firms will not follow the same business models as their developed-country counterparts, however. Instead, they will rely much less on the branded branch, the traditional outlet for banking services. New technologies, innovative low-cost business models and supportive...
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