Legal Environment

The Russian constitution states that Russia shall be a democratic and federal state with a republican form of government based on the rule of law. The Russian Federation is a federal state with sources of including the Constitution, federal laws and laws of subjects of federation. The Constitution is the supreme Russian law and major legislative instrument. The power base in Russia is basically divided between the parliament and the president. The Russian court system is composed of three essentially separate and distinct court systems. They are the: (1) Courts of General Jurisdiction; (2) Arbitrazh (or Commercial) Courts; and (3) Russian Federation (and in a few cases, "subject"-level) Constitutional Courts. (9) With respect to constitutional issues, in the Russian system, if a constitutional issue is encountered during the course of litigation in either the Courts of General Jurisdiction or in the Arbitrazh Courts, the constitutional issue is referred out to the Constitutional Court, adjudicated there, and then reported back to the appropriate non-constitutional court for further proceedings in accordance with the Constitutional Court's ruling. (The Russian Court System)

Arbitrazh courts are specialized courts for settling property and commercial disputes between companies and individual entrepreneurs, both Russian and foreign. Arbitrazh courts are granted special jurisdiction over disputes arising out of the application of legislation governing corporations, and consequently, disputes between companies and among shareholders and participants in Russian companies on all matters excluding employment issues. Under Russian law, foreign individuals and legal entities enjoy the same rights to sue and be sued in Russian courts as Russian individuals and companies. Russian civil procedure has traditionally been acknowledged by Western specialists to be a “procedurally efficient system”. (The Russian Court System Overview) Universally acknowledged principles and standards of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation are a part of Russia’s legal system.

RULE OF LAW

For generations of Russian leaders, the law has been a tool of state power, not a limit on its abuse. The law could be deployed selectively against political opponents, or laws can be drafted to solve immediate problems. Conducting business may be impeded by: o burdensome regulatory regimes o inadequate IPR protection and enforcement o extensive corruption inadequate rule of law o inconsistent application of laws and regulations o lack of transparency
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
Russia is regarded as the 'birthplace of Communism. Communism is often blamed for the problems that occur today in Russia. The government tends to have excessive interference in business matters and other market access barriers. Current and future changes in the Russian government, major policy shifts or lack of consensus between various branches of the government and powerful economic groups could disrupt or reverse economic and regulatory reforms. (CTC Media)

Since 1991, Russia has sought to transform from a one-party state with a centrally-planned economy to a democracy with a market economy. Much of the structure of the Soviet economy that operated until 1987 originated under the leadership of Joseph V. Stalin (in office 1927-53). Russia has experienced an incomplete transition from central planning to a market economy. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized many sectors of the industry and agriculture, with notable exceptions in the energy and defense-related sectors. The largest state enterprises were controversially privatized by President Boris Yeltsin and subsequently owned by insiders for far less than they were worth

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

There is continued presence of large state-owned or controlled enterprises in strategic sectors of the economy. More than eight decades after the Bolsheviks banned private property, Russia's parliament voted in 2001 to permit Russians to buy, own and sell land. The keystone of political and economic reform in both Tsarist and post-Soviet Russia has been the transferred to private ownership of property previously held by either the state or in collective ownership. Land and other natural resources may be owned privately. Can also be held by state or municipal authorizes, and under other ownership conditions. It is still rather difficult to acquire land in Russia. Access to commercial real estate in Russia is often limited because of municipal administrations' monopoly ownership and control of urban land.

INFRASTUCTURE

The transportation infrastructure in Russia is underdeveloped. Russia's failure to keep up with its neighbors in building the roads, railways and other infrastructure needed to support growth is costing it dearly, and hindering the regional economy's full potential, business leaders gathered for an Asia-Pacific summit say. (Kurtenbach) Then president Vladimir Putin promised to make the modernization of Russia's infrastructure a priority for the coming years, but the challenges are great. Russia's investment in its resource-rich far eastern regions has lagged behind. "Our railroads are struggling to cope with the rising amount of cargo," Putin said in an address to business executives at the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, held in Vladivostok. What Russia needs is "Infrastructure, infrastructure, infrastructure," said Oleg Deripaska, chairman of UC Rusal, the world's largest aluminum producer. The cost of inadequate or poorly coordinated roads, ports, railways and infrastructure: "Less profit and more time," he said. (Kurtenbach) In the key infrastructure services—electricity, heating, natural gas supply and transmission, and rail transport—state-dominated monopolies still play a major role

CORRUPTION

Corruption extends to the very pinnacles of the political system. The Russian political system is ill-equipped for fighting corruption. Corruption can occur when registering the company’s rights to the authorities. The problem is further complicated because there is no line between corruption and politics in Putin's Russia. The Russian government has taken various actions in recent years against business people and companies operating in Russia that have been perceived as having been politically motivated, including actions for technical violations of law or violations of laws that have been applied retroactively, including violations of tax laws. (CTC Media) Corruption as a barrier to business entry in Russia—as in many other transition economies—is pervasive: virtually all firms pay bribes to tax inspectors, customs officers, and a host of local bureaucrats who visit firms several times a year.

INTERNATIONAL ORGINAZATIONS

Russia is a member of international institutions such as the UN (where it is a permanent member of the UN Security Council), G8, G20, Council of Europe and Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Russia joined the World Bank (IBRD-member and IDA-donor country) in 1992. Russia is expected to join the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2012, and has applied for membership of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Russia entered the World Trade Organization as the group's 156th member. It is hoped the entry will promote international free trade and stimulate global economic growth.

BARRIERS OF ENTRY

Despite privatization, robust competition is still lacking in much of Russia's industrial sector, stifled by excessive concentration, vertical integration, and geographic segmentation. (Modern Russia) Many established firms enjoy protection from new (and potential) rivals. Protectionism can impede business growth. Russia is striving to progressively develop and overcome the failings of the 1990s, to compete globally and at the same time to take advantage of international best practices. There remains considerable potential for abuse of market power, not only in Russia's infrastructure monopoly ("utility") sector (this potential is widely acknowledged, and the government's structural reform agenda includes policy initiatives designed to reduce it) but also in the manufacturing ("nonutility") sector. Most new entrants in Russia are owner-manager firms—mainly small and medium-sized enterprises. Evidence suggests that in many sectors, the principal constraints on entry by new private firms in Russia are the anticompetitive market structure and the anticompetitive conduct of existing dominant firms, which is often sanctioned or supported by local governments. (Broadman) The average new business applicant in Russia must deal with a multitude of agencies at both the federal and the local levels and obtain approval of myriad registration and licensing forms.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS

Russia saw FDI flows grow 22 percent, reaching $53 billion, its third-highest level ever recorded. The report cited Russia’s WTO accession and privatization program as the key drivers of near-term FDI growth, noting that WTO accession will boost foreign investors’ confidence in the market as privatization opens new opportunities for investment. (Adamonis) Foreign investments are regulated both on a federal and regional level. Foreign investors are generally subject to the same treatment as Russian investors. Foreign investors are guaranteed the full and unconditional protection of their rights and interests.

The government has been working to make the investment environment more attractive, said Vladimir Dmitriev, CEO of VEB, a Russian state-owned bank. (Kurtenbach) Despite the fact federal government is the main determinant of political and economic stability in any given region in Russia, the strength and influence of regional governments is an indisputable fact . The Russian legal code is full of often contradictory rules and responsibilities. It needs to transform the structure of its economy by implementing market-opening measures to develop international trade and at the same time attract foreign investment

INTELECTUAL PROPERTIES

Awareness of IP rights is gradually increasing in the Russian Federation. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union the Russian Federation has sought to address important issues surrounding intellectual property and its protection. The government improved the law regarding the protection of intellectual property and proprietary information over the past few years. The standard of IP protection in Russia is not yet as sophisticated as in most western countries. A company investing or operating in Russia will want to ensure protection of the following IP assets:
• company and brand name
• trademarks and service marks
• creative works including software and databases
• inventions, industrial designs and useful models
• topologies of integrated microcircuits
• selection achievements
• know-how
Company and brand names are offered general protection in Russia. Creative work is offered general copyright protection in Russia. Protection of creative work can be complex. Inventions are also afforded protection under Russian law.

LABOR MARKET

Russia’s legal framework is not up to the needs of a modern market economy. Labor regulations and relations between employers and employees are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The Labor Code is the main document regulating labor relations. Labor legislation establishes the number of guarantees for employees such as social benefits and compensation. The Russian Labor Code forms the basis of labor relations in Russia and outlines the rights of employees. Normal working hours in Russia are 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week with a one hour lunch break. Employees are provided with 28 calendar days of paid vacation a year. Russia’s immigration and visa system is complex, requiring time and expertise to acquire required permission

Economic Analysis

Why Market in Russia? Russia has the world’s largest landmass and a population of 140 million people. The economy of Russia is the ninth largest economy in the world by nominal value and the sixth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Russia has an abundance of natural gas, oil, coal, and precious metals. The Russian economy had a good first half of the year 2012, with strong domestic demand as the main driver of growth. Despite a modest rise the oil prices, the World Bank projects growth in Russia to decline from 4.3 percent in 2011 to 3.5 percent in 2012, and stay at 3.6 percent in 2013. (4) Some of the most important factors behind economic growth in Russia are high oil prices and a relatively cheap ruble. Real fixed capital investments have increased by over 10% over the last five years, and real personal incomes increased by over 12%.

Strong oil export earnings have allowed Russia to increase its foreign reserves from only $12 billion to some $120 billion by the end of 2004. A combination of the above improvements and renewed government effort to advance structural reforms, have raised business and investor confidence in Russia’s economic prospects. Persuading financial institutions to back start-up businesses can be challenging even in industrial countries; in transition economies, where capital market imperfections are pronounced and institutions that intermediate savings into investment capital are typically not yet fully developed, the problem is particularly acute.

The Russian economy is considered by IMF and World Bank a developing one. Russia is among the world's leading emerging economies, but remains uncompetitive. The World Economic Forum released its 2011-12 global competitiveness report and Russia did not fare particularly well – dropping 3 places down to 66th. The WEF places Russia in a “transition” stage between stage 2 “efficiency driven” and stage 3 “innovation driven”.

CURRENCY

The ruble or rouble (code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation. It is also used as a medium of exchange in many former soviet republics. The ruble has been the Russian unit of currency for about 500 years. Russian ruble is one of the world's oldest currencies. Under Soviet rule, the value of the currency could change overnight as a result of government edict as was the case in 1947 and 1961, when citizens awoke to the news that new rubles would replace old at a rate of 1 to 10, effective immediately. (A Kopek). The inflation rate in Russia was recorded at 6.50 percent in October of 2012. (12) Historically, from 1991 until 2012, Russia Inflation Rate averaged 157.2 Percent reaching an all time high of 2333.3 Percent in December of 1992 and a record low of 3.6 Percent in April of 2012. (Russia Inflation Rate) The Russian government has been struggling for years to achieve low-digit inflation, in order to create a favorable investment climate and lure foreign investment. The current exchange rate is 1 ruple for 0.0324 US dollars( or 1 USD for 31.1481 RUB)

It has a growing middle class and overall incomes are rising. The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Russia was last recorded at 21358.25 US dollars in 2011, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in Russia, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 97 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita PPP in Russia is reported by the World Bank. Historically, from 1989 until 2011, Russia GDP per capita PPP averaged 10299.8 USD reaching an all time high of 21358.3 USD in December of 2011 and a record low of 5492.5 USD in December of 1998. (13) Russia is 6th largest economy by PPP and 11th largest economy by nominal GDP. The middle to high income population is concentrated around the two largest cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg, which make them the ideal locations for marketing international products. Moscow has the highest billionaire population of any city in the world and the city is the center of this Market-Based Economy.

Place/ Promotion
By trading with Russia, companies can take advantage of the new trade route and Russia’s extensive waterways. Russia is 2nd in waterways in the world. And is linked to Baltic Sea, White Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea. These waterways were of little interest to shipping companies when thick multiyear sea ice choked the waters along USA and Russia’s northern coasts. Arctic Institute explains that now climate change is causing the polar ice cap to thin and recede. It mentions that since 2007 both Arctic passages have been temporarily ice-free during late summer and the Arctic could experience a complete late-season melt-out within the next decade, and thus a permanent loss of the multiyear ice.

Where to Start?

Our company plans to have initial sales in Moscow City, St. Petersburg, and Tyumen Oblast which are major big cities in Russia. As the market for our product establishes and popularity of the brand grows, our plans to expand outwards in surrounding cities.

Russian Snack Market:

Looking back

The market for sweet and savory snacks in Russia was the fastest growing in the world in value terms, during the 1998-2004 period. Sweet and savory snacks market in Eastern Europe was the largest and most valuable in 2007, with over 52% of regional value sales.
The market increased by 13% in volume and 11% in value terms in 2004 to reach retail sales of US$982m (Euromonitor International). Following the fall in demand for snacks after the financial crisis in 1998, the market has regained volume and has been developing quite dynamically. Russian companies are rapidly expanding their range of new products and there has been a growing trend of capital investment into the food processing industry. Investment in development of transportation infrastructure to make distribution more efficient has also taken place.

Trends in Russia
Hypermarkets are gaining back their positions in Russia. It is value – not price – that is driving shoppers. As consumers have access to worldwide products, shoppers want wider choices and a better experience. Increase in choices has also caused war on the shelves and promotion pressure is growing. Consumers are brand conscious and are willing to pay premiums for particular types of food, especially if they are healthy as well.Therefore now is the time to drive brand equity to capture large market share. The majority of snack sales take place in the two largest cities of Moscow and St Petersburg. Only a few brands operate in provincial markets and snacks in provinces are promoted by local manufacturers. These snacks are produced in relatively small volumes and are greatly affected by seasonal factors. However the closer a market is to the capital, the less important the seasonal factor becomes, and so the bigger companies operate in regions around the big cities. Flavor, color and shape diversity are important choice factors and allow manufacturers to "experiment" with new launches. Other key trends happening in the Russian food and beverage industry include increased health consciousness due to an aging population and increased awareness of health issues. At the same time busier lifestyles of consumers in big cities is leading to increased demand for convenience products and fast foods. Therefore there is a large potential market for quick snacks if marketed as healthy products.
Our Marketing Plan
Behavioral Segmentation and benefit segmentation will be used to segment the consumers. Our main targets are consumers who like to snack, and prefer healthy but moderately priced snacks. Our product will be marketed as a healthier alternative to existing salty snacks such as chips and high calorie nuts. The product will be sold with low calorie options to attract ‘casual snackers’ as well as ‘cautious snackers’. We plan to narrow down our target consumers to two types of groups. One group will be families with young children who look for healthy options for family’s well being and other group will be beer drinkers who want lighter options for snacking along with their beer. Families prefer big snack sizes and therefore our product will be marketed and sold for family bonding time, celebrations, get together, parties, picnics, movies etc. Beer drinkers mainly include bachelors, college students and adults who like to socialize while drinking. Therefore small, as well as big pack sizes will be marketed towards casual beer drinkers who prefer to snack with their beer. Some companies in Russia produce croutons and nuts under popular beer brands to ensure strong positions for their product in the marketplace, according to Euromonitor International. Therefore our product will be a lighter alternative to existing salty snacks, which is not only available is different flavors, but is also made fresh at home with no extra effort.

What image is our company presenting?
The message that the company is planning to give its potential customers is that popcorn is tasty and healthful. The company will highlight the paramount flavor profiles that the company offers, making the tender scrunching flakes even more fun to eat. In addition, the company will communicate that popcorn is immensely useful for human body because it is low in calories and is rich in fiber, consisting of dietary fibers, which provide with feeling of fullness and contribute to cleaning of body from toxic substances and carcinogens. The company will shares facts such as that popcorn is being recommended for daily use by recognized healthcare organizations such as National American Cancer Center and American Association of Dietarians. To further emphasize its importance, the company will share with its consumers that subsequent to Americans the dietary properties of popcorn were recognized by the Institute of nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, which recommended including the said product in menus school cafeteria and tuck-shops. http://corincorn.com/popcorn/saga.php Diffusion Theory: Adoption Process
Our company will pay attention to mental stages through which individuals pass from their first knowledge of an innovation to the time of product adoption or purchase, and will take steps to capture consumers at each stage.
 Awareness: Our company will focus on advertising through tv advertisements and billboards to get the name of the company recognized
 Interest: Our company will hand out nutritional information about the product though pamphlets, newspapers, health articles and post it on the website as well.
 Evaluation: Our company will make the popcorn available in small sizes at first with so consumers are willing to make the purchase and give it a try
 Trial: Our company will give coupons and free samples in grocery stores to allow consumers to try it
 Adoption: Our company will offer coupons for bigger packets with small packets purchase to allow the first time users to share the snack with others after they have tried it once.

Factors affecting Adoption
Our company will make sure that our product meets criteria for all factors that affect adoption and attracts customers in Russia to buy our product.
Popcorn has a relative advantage over other snacks available in the market such as chips, crackers, nuts etc. Popcorn can be made fresh at home with little extra effort. Therefore customers will get a satisfaction that their snack just came out of the microwave fresh, without having to spend too much time in preparing. Popcorn is also a lighter option compared to other heavy snacks such as chips and high calorie nuts. Therefore consumers do no only get enjoy a lighter snack made of a healthy ingredient such as corn, but they also get to hear it pop and smell it during its cooking time. Our product is also very compatible with consumer demand. Salty snacks are highly favored by beer drinkers. Therefore Russia’s culture of drinking beer and socializing makes popcorn s great snack to market. Consumers in cities are also looking for fast options. Therefore Russia’s moderate collective culture and fast life in cities make popcorn an ideal snack that can be eaten alone, or with friends and family without extra effort put into preparation. This also relates to the next factor that affects adoption and that is complexity. Our product is simple and only requires a microwave for preparation. It has a long shelf life therefore consumers can store it over long periods of time for snacking and sharing anytime. Microwaves are widely used in cities; therefore technology will not be a barrier for most customers in adopting the product. Popcorn has a divisibility advantage as well as it is inexpensive to buy, and easy to store due to its small packet size before preparing and long shelf life. Our product also has a communicability advantage as it will have simple pictorial instructions with English as well as Russian explanation. The visual advertisements such as TV advertisements will not only make the instructions more clear, but also create excitement among the consumers as they see the bag change its size as it prepares. The smell is the main strength of popcorn as it attracts consumers and tempts them to try it, making sample giving at stores very impactful.

Criteria for Targeting
Criteria: Segment Size and Growth
Russia has a population of 138,082,178 (July 2011 est.) and 71.8% are between 15-64 years and 15.2% are between 0-14 years. This is great for snack market as these age groups include beer drinkers, parents with young kids, and young kids them selves. The median age is 38.7 which shows an even distribution between older and younger population and therefore current and future market is looking strong.
Criteria: Potential Competition
The company faces challenges from various types of snacks available in Russia, but stands out due to its unique characteristics such as ease of making it at home, and excitement created among children with its popping sound. Home made microwavable popcorn is not commonly sold in Russia and has few suppliers. In September 2007, at the international exhibition "World Food-2007" the first Russian microwave popcorn "CorinCorn" was presented. This newly-designed product in the Russian market absolutely changed stereotypic opinion that microwave popcorn may be produced in America only. International companies include AST which is a producer of microwave popcorn in Bulgaria. AS-TRADING is Microwave exports for several European countries and for Russia.

Criteria: Feasibility and Compatibility
Adaptation should be quick due to convenience of making it, and existing demand for the product.

Advertising Strategy
Our big idea used in the advertisements will be to promote the fact that healthy snacks do not have to be boring, inconvenient or expensive. Therefore the creative strategy used to sell our product through television, magazines and billboards will be to get across the idea that it is important to snack, live and enjoy but also to live healthy. Billboards will be the main source of communication as billboards are number one source of advertisement in cities like Moscow. It is a city built for 30,000 cars, but 3 million exist, therefore creating massive traffic jams and captive audiences

Positioning Strategy
Local consumer culture positioning
 Russian consumers in big cities are increasingly valuing American brands due to their global image, and popularity. As the consumers are more in touch with globally existing products through internet, media and international companies, they are willing to spend more to experience global products. Fast life in big cities further adds the need for fast foods, making American products ideal to market. More students in big cities are looking for a easy and quick way to snack, ast fast food chains or in grocery stores. However increased health conciousnss is cauing people to look for healthy snack alternatives. Therefore popcorn is a great snack that meets the demands of consumers of all age groups that are looking for a quick, healthy and interesting snack. Snacks are consumed in large amounts with beer and therefore will be advertised and placed in grocery stores with beer products to reach our main consumers.

High-Touch Positioning will be used by making the product package appealing and colorful. Popcorn will be sold with different types of packets depending on where they are placed in the store. The packets will be colorful and bright in snack sections for kids, and elegant, classy and simple in beer sections . The following techniques will be used to sell out product:

 straight sell- straight forward advertisements that introduce the product and sell it to consumers by showing the preparing process will be used
 scientific evidence- nutritional information will be provided to let consumers know about the health facts
 demonstration- tv adverisements will demonstrate making it in the microwave to show convenience and speed of making it
 comparison- comparisons will be made with unhealthy snacks to show the benefits
 slice of life- importance of snacking will be shown for social events to let consumers relate to the idea of eating together and serving friends and family.

Our Distribution Plan

Sales will be initiated through major super markets of Russia. These supermarkets will be chosen based on popularity of the supermarkets, the market segments they cater to, the locations of the markets, and their terms and conditions for distributing the products.
Some major supermarket chains in Russia that sell variety of food products and act as local distributers for local and international companies include:
• 12 Mesyatsev (Russian: 12 месяцев — 12 Months)
• ABK (Russian: АБК)
• Auchan
• Azbuka Vkusa (Russian: Азбука вкуса — ABC of the Taste)
• Billa
• BIN (Russian: БИН)
• Dixi (Russian: Дикси)
• Kopeyka (Russian: Копейка — kopeck)
• Kvartal (Russian: Квартал — Residential area, block of buildings)
• Lenta (Russian: Лента — Belt)
• METRO
• Mosmart (Russian: Мосмарт)
• OKEI (Russian: О’КЕЙ)
• Paterson (Russian: Патерсон)
• Perekryostok (Russian: Перекрёсток — Crossroads)
• Pyaterochka (Russian: Пятёрочка)
• Ramstore (Russian: Рамстор)
• Real
• Sed'moy Kontinent (Russian: Седьмой континент — Seventh Continent)
• SPAR
• Stockmann
• 7ya (Russian: 7'Я)

Once our product is well known among consumers, Internet distributers may be used to sell our products. One of the major distributor that we plan to use is Ozon.ru, a company aiming to be the Amazon.com Inc. of Russia. It expects to increase sales more than fivefold to $1 billion within five years as the online retailer expands its distribution network. This Moscow-based company is using the money to build its own delivery network, as local Russian postal service is slow and shoppers prefer to pay cash when they receive goods. It plans to have 3,000 sites where customers can pick up orders by the end of 2013, reaching every Russian city with more than 50,000 residents. It currently has 1,100 pickup points and an 8,000-square-foot shipping center in Tver, between Moscow and St. Petersburg.

WORKS CITED:
Adamonis, Mark. "Is Russia Competitive? Reacting to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report." Forbes. N.p., 9 Sept. 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.

Broadman, Harry. "Competition and Business Entry in Russia." Finance & Development. International Monetary Fund, June 2001. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.

CTC Media. "Risks Relating to the Political Environment in Russia." CTC Media, 29 Feb. 2008. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.

"A Kopeck Saves a Ruble." George Washington University. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.

Kurtenbach, Elaine. "Russia Seeks to Close Infrastructure Gap with Asia." Yahoo! Finance. Associated Press, 8 Sept. 2012. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.

Modern Russia. "UNCTAD World Investment Report Highlights Strong Russian FDI Flows."Modern Russia. N.p., 18 July 2012. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.

"Russia Inflation Rate." Trading Economics. N.p., 2012. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.

"The Russian Court System." Russian American Rule of Law. N.p., 2003. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.