...MEDZINÁRODNÝ MARKETING - ESEJ SOCIO - DEMOGRAFICKÉ ZMENY MIGRÁCIA Pojem migrácia definujeme ako zmenu miesta trvalého pobytu za hranice určitej územnej jednotky; premiestňovanie obyvateľov v území spojené so zmenou bydliska. Niekedy sa tu hovorí o fyzickej alebo zemepisnej mobilite. Migrácia ako prvok nie je fenoménom iba posledných rokov, či desaťročí, ale bola súčasťou našich životov i na samotnom počiatku ľudstva. Ľudia odnepamäti migrovali tam, kde mali lepšie životné podmienky. Či už to bolo územie bohaté na vodné zdroje, na úrodnú pôdu - vhodnú na pestovanie poľnohospodárskych plodín alebo oblasť bohatá na prírodné zdroje. V týchto regiónoch potom vznikali osídlenia alebo väčšie sídla, kde hustota obyvateľstva bola vyššia ako v iných častiach krajiny. Prekvital tu obchod, výmena tovarov, úroveň poskytovaných služieb, spoločenský, kultúrny ale i ekonomický život občanov bol na vyššej úrovni. Charakteristiky a základné znaky migrácie za stovky rokov zmenili svoju formu a štruktúru, ale určite nie podstatu. Ľudia i naďalej migrujú tam, kde podmienky na život, prácu, vzdelanie a iné primárne aspekty sú priaznivejšie. Je to totiž prirodzená vlastnosť človeka. V tejto práci by som sa rád zameral nielen na príčiny migrácie, ale i jej vlastnosti a dôsledky na svetovú ekonomiku v súčastnosti, teda v 21. storočí. V rámci všeobecného delenia môžeme migráciu deliť do 4 skupín: 1. Migrácia (sťahovanie) obyvateľstva: také priestorové pohyby, pri ktorých obyvateľ mení svoje trvalé...
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...ASSIGNMENT ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL & CULTURAL CONTEXT OF BUSINESS Submitted To: Mr. Ruhual Amin Faculty Member, BRAC University Submitted By: Iffat Zarin Khan ID No: 15364042 MBA, BRAC University Subject Name: Business Environment Subject Code: BUS503 Date of Submission: 8-12-15 Review and Discussion Questions 1. What is meant by an “ageing population”? Examine some of the key ways in which an ageing population can affect the supply side of the economy? Answer: Population ageing is a phenomenon that occurs when the median age of a country or region rises due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates. Aging of population (also known as demographic aging, and population aging) is a summary term for shifts in the age distribution (i.e., age structure) of a population toward older ages. A direct consequence of the ongoing global fertility transition (decline) and of mortality decline at older ages, population aging is expected to be among the most prominent global demographic trends of the 21st century. Population aging is progressing rapidly in many industrialized countries, but those developing countries whose fertility declines...
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...Social Equity in Public Services Distribution Since the 1960s, social equity in public administration has received recognition as a desired outcome of an efficient and responsive government of the people. In 2005 the National Academy for Public Administration (NAPA) classified social equity the fourth pillar of public administration, alongside of the established pillars of efficiency, effectiveness, and economy, in the development and distribution of public policies and services. As policy implementers, public administrators have faced challenges in fostering social equity, which Norman-Major (2011) ascribes to the lack of clarity of its definition, the lack of a clear ways to measure social equity, and normative issues that arise...
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...Sociology Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human behavior. People generally are social beings more so than human being. This means simply that people need interaction with other people; it is the way that we are wired. As children we are brought up with certain types of thinking and motivation. This curves our social behaviors and makes us turn out the way that we do. Life experiences are another huge factor in how we develop motivation and our way of thinking. Sociology is also said to be concerned with all group activities such as economics, social. Political, and religion. The Objective of Sociology is to bring or provide information to advance of the overall understanding of the subject (sociology). Viewpoints The demographic category in sociology means that we are studying the dynamics of the human population. When doing this the population is divided into categories such as age, race, religion, income, etc. This lets us know certain information within different groups, such as where the majority of the tax money comes from. This would be broken down by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and income. Module 1 Case P.2 Viewpoints Cont. The Sociological viewpoint is consisted of everything that revolves around a person’s social activity. The psychological viewpoints are consisted of studying the role of mental functions in the individual and social behavior of a person or group of persons...
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...Xxxxx 0000, pp. 000–000 issn 0732-2399 | eissn 1526-548X | 00 | 0000 | 0001 doi 10.1287/xxxx.0000.0000 c 0000 INFORMS Predicting Individual Behavior with Social Networks Sharad Goel, Daniel G. Goldstein Yahoo Research, New York, New York, 10018 A basic objective of the social and economic sciences is to predict behavior. With the availability of social network data, it has become possible to relate the behavior of individuals to that of their acquaintances on a large scale. While the similarity of connected individuals is well established, it is unclear if and how social data can predict behavior, and whether such predictions are more accurate than those arising from current marketing practices. We employ a communications network of over 100 million people to forecast highly diverse behaviors from patronizing an offline department store to taking interest in an advertisement to joining a recreational league. Across all the domains, we find that social data are strongly informative in identifying individuals who are most likely to undertake actions, and that in identifying such individuals, social data generally improve the predictive accuracy of baseline models. Key words : Computational social science, product adoption, social networks Predicting individual behavior is a basic objective of the social sciences, from economics (Manski 2007) to psychology (Ajzen and Fishbein 1980), sociology (Burt 1987, Coleman et al. 1966), and beyond. For the marketer, predicting...
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...have come up with a positioning strategy for the organization against its competitive brands. Each of the segments has different needs and, therefore, to be practical, the segments must be considered individually to judge their quality, value, and significance. The organization must strive to understand its customers by the use of demographic and psychographic information provided in this memo. Both the demographics and the psychographics are important in strengthening the relationship between the customer and the business. Marketing research is more than the normal customer surveys. It entails understanding the importance of psychographic and demographic information obtained from the primary research methods and the evaluation of the data for the application of its results in improving the existing marketing strategies (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2012). Marketing research must also be incorporated and formulated into the decisions of the business based on the psychographics and the demographics of the customer. This is important to prevent irregularities stemming within the corporation and among its competitors. Without psychographics and demographics, the organization could not predict or forecast probabilities with accuracy because the research is based on validity and reliability...
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...The world and most districts and nations are continuing to experience phenomenally fast demographic change. Demography is involved with everything that impacts or can be affected by populace size, development or decrease, spatial dispersion, structure, and attributes (Weeks, 2015). Demography is a power on the planet that impacts change in human prosperity of which the world has seen in the course of the last couple of hundred years. Demographic transition theory is from the early 20th century and is a collection of demographic data on a much larger scale. It is quantitative studies across different societies based on fertility, morality, and resultant growth rates. The demographic transition theory was developed in an attempt to make sense of all of this international data. From the demographic transition theory, we observe very different modern demographic regimes from Western Europe, central Europe and the developing world. This paper abridges key patterns in populace size, fertility and mortality among these transitions and the causes and consequences of population change. There are three fundamental stages of demographic change. The first stage is of high growth potential. In this stage, there is high fertility and high morality and the population is stable. Additionally in the first stage, an economy is primitive and in reverse. Agriculture is the principle occupation, which gives low level of pay to individuals. The way of life is exceptionally poor and individuals...
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...Demographic transformation: the dilemma of sub-Saharan Africa Demographic transformation or transition is referred to as the process by which a country moves from high birth and high death rates to low birth and low death rates with population growth in the interim. The demographic transition model is comprised of 5 stages. The Sub- Saharan African region is believed to be still in stage 1, which refers to having high death rates and high fertility rates (birth rates) although the condition is far better than it was just a few years back. The demographic transition started in European populations living in Europe and elsewhere around 1880 and at present, almost all developing countries have entered the demographic transformation, i.e. mortality rates are declining and fertility rates follow. It was believed that countries in Sub-Saharan Africa will also follow the same pattern. But the demographic transformation has taken the speed of a slug in this part of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa mostly consists of countries regarded as underdeveloped or developing and is part of the so-called Third World. Third World countries share many characteristics but at the continental level they are not the same. For instance, sub-Saharan Africa is sparsely populated, in contrast to South and East Asia, and it is much less urbanized than Latin America. It stands out amidst the other major regions of the Third World for having the slowest rate of economic growth in recent years: an average annual...
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...Trend Analysis - Post Demographic Consumerism | Mala Harish ETU20150222 | Abstract: There is a fundamental shift happening in the consumer behavior which is defying the traditional demographic expectation. People belonging to the same demographic are no longer acting in the same way or wanting the same products. Additionally people belonging to a particular demographic are found to be using products and services that were not primarily targeted at them. Consumers are not a big demographic monolith but are becoming more diverse in their needs and wants. This trend is triggered by the increased access to information, products and services, availability of wide variety of products and services and changing socio cultural norms that encourage people to experiment with products and ideas. Appreciating this trend and looking beyond demographics into the behavior and interests of consumers would help marketers to tap into new opportunities and otherwise ignored consumer segments. | [Pick the date] [Pick the date] ------------------------------------------------- Trend Analysis – Post Demographic Consumerism Introduction “Post Demographic Consumerism” is identified as one of the consumer behavior trends for 2015 by the research agency Trend Watching. This paper attempts to study the trend with respect to the market changes in India, which is one of the biggest emerging...
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...Church March 18, 2012 Data Memo MJB MARKETING INC. MEMO To: Kudler Fine Foods Management Team From: Robin Horton Date: 03/18/2012 Re: The Importance of Demographic/Psychographic Information within the Marketing Strategy Over the next few weeks the marketing executive of MJB Marketing Incorporation will be assisting Kudler Fine Foods in the process of evaluating the opportune times to implement psychographic, demographic, behavioral, and geographic segmentation into their marketing assessments. It is imperative that Kudler Fine Foods realizes the magnitude of demographic and psychographic data and the pertinent information these data’s convey about their current and possible future consumers. MJB Marketing Corporation will devise a positioning strategy for Kudler Fine Foods while contemplating the possible arrays of segmentation to assess the various competitors within the market. During all phases of the project MJB Marketing Incorporation will provide clear concise reasoning’s for the recommendations. Kudler Fine Foods must estimate the demographic characteristics such as age, occupation, gender, income, education, and other like values to properly proceed to expanding their stores. In order to create the best location and store attributes it will be necessary to pinpoint geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation. These variables must be accounted for to create the ideal marketing mix. Kudler will need to determine the answers to certain...
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...Demographic Transition Santoya Rodriguez Environmental Science April 5, 2013 Demographic Transition Introduction Demography is a science that rarely makes general theories. Demographic transition refers to the logical sequence of historical phases every population passes as they become modernized (Azia, n.d). The basic principle of demographic transition is that there is an informal connection between modernization and a decline in fertility and mortality. In other words, as societies progress from pre-modernized to a modernized society they experience lower death and lower birth rates. Most of human history was characterized by high crude death rates (CDR). In fact, they averaged 40 or per thousand in most populations. High CDR was caused by a number of factors; however, epidemics and other social conditions were the most common causes. However, as seen in North America and Europe during the 19th century, as epidemics and other social conditions are improved, death rates decline. This particular pattern of change in mortality factors is called the epidemiologic transition, which represents one aspect of the demographic transition (Wright & Boorse, 2011). Four Phases of Demographic Transition In Phase I of demographic transition, a population is characterized by high CBR that is being controlled by equally high CDR. It is known as the most primitive of the phases because there is a high fluctuating CBR and CDR, which results in little to no population growth (Azia, n.d)...
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...Trends Paper Demographic trends reveal developments and changes in human population. More specifically, demographic trends relate to changes in a population’s age, educational attainment, and health. Business leaders, marketers, and advertisers can glean valuable insight from demographic trends. For example, a geographical location might experience a shift in migration patterns. Without understanding demographic trends for the area, businesses could make decisions on a customer segment based on conjecture. Evaluating demographic trends for the area, however, might reveal that there’s a change in the population’s average age, employment status, income, or wealth all of which would help businesses better target its customers and prospects. This can yield additional insight such as trends in a population’s socioeconomic status, life stage, and lifestyle. Socioeconomic status is determined by measuring income, education, occupation, and wealth of an individual or a family. Life stage is based on an individual’s age, family status, and relationships. Lifestyle is determined by education, activities, interests, opinions, socioeconomic status, and life stage. All of these characteristics are helpful to businesses as they are valuable predictors of consumer spending trends. Evaluating customers’ and prospects’ demographic trends, business decision-makers can identify changing needs in the marketplace and adjust to them. Demographic trends can also help organizations spot future...
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...case are the people. As stated above, all investors plan their investments as they seek to maximize profits, this planning is in the business sector referred to as investment planning, which by definition according to the Economy Watch, (2015) is focus on identifying effective investment strategies according to an investor’s risk appetite and financial goals. Through investment planning, one can identify the most appropriate portfolio mix. (Economy Watch, 2015) As Investors plan, they plan for a lot of issues that will affect their investments such as labour, education levels and other factors related to the people. These factors are what are known as demographic factors. One might at this stage ask what demographic factors are. To answer this question, is imperative that we firstly define what demography is and then demographic factors. This essay will therefore define demography as the statistical and mathematical study of the size,...
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...QUICK ANSWER Demographic changes are the dynamics in the quantifiable statistics of a given population. Demography seeks to understand population changes by investigating such demographic components as gender, age, ethnicity, home ownership, mobility, disabilities, language knowledge, employment status and location. These elements and how they change constitute vital information about the population of a given location and its culture. KNOW MORE FULL ANSWER Demography examines the relationship of changes through deaths, births and migration in demographic composition, with the natural environment and with social and economic change. Demographic indicators may include population size, crude birth rate, population growth rate, crude death rate, fertility rate, life expectancy and infant mortality. Estimated and projected gender and age distributions in relation to fertility rates could also be included. The impact of demographic change is considered as one of the most important challenges for the future. Demographic changes influence all aspects of human activity, including economic, social, political and cultural. For instance, the age distribution of a population has an overwhelming influence on health-care needs. This is especially recognized in the U.K., where allocation of NHS resources is based on the age-weighted capitation. At the local level, demand for health-care services may even be more age based than what is allowed by the national capitation formula, where the...
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...questions in 200 to 300 words: • What needs do each agency meet and what demographic does each agency serve? What or who may have influenced the agency’s decision to meet the needs of this demographic group? Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors: Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors advise people who have alcoholism or other types of addiction, eating disorders, or other behavioral problems. They provide treatment and support to help the client recover from addiction or modify problem behaviors.(Bureau.2012) the demographic of this human service is more but not always for some for the more populated areas the metropolitan areas. This field helps people of all ages, with many different types of issues that need to be serviced. Social Workers: There are two main types of social workers: direct-service social workers, who help people, solve and cope with problems in their everyday lives, and clinical social workers, who diagnose and treat mental, behavioral, and emotional issues. (Bureau.2012) this field service a wide array of people and the issue in which they have as well as servicing nationwide. I feel that Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors fields are influenced by the judicial system then anything forcing people to deal with their problem as a last resort or as an alternative to jail, having their kid’s taken away, whereas the medical field is the influency on the social workers to help those to staying out of trouble or getting their lives...
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