...Future Trends Impacting Public Administration Introduction Excellent public administration and management of public entities has always been the major responsibility of public officials and administrators of public funds. Throughout the years, the public administration has encountered many challenges and changes that impact the overall society. As the world evolve into new alternatives as is technology and changes in public policy, the administration of such evolves and changes as well. This paper intent to provide the reader with future trends and social changes impacting public administration as well as future public policy challenges for public administration. Future Trends Technology - The implementation of technology in organizations as in public agencies have helped developed many strategies in order to provide services even faster. Technology have also helped through the Internet to connect organizations, computers and users throughout the world. “Mexico recently introduced an advanced system of electronic tendering and procurement, and Korea is launching an electronic system for processing applications which will allow applicants to monitor any movement of their case over the internet” (Wolf, 2000, p. 690). Automation of services if properly implemented will increase overall services provided to the public. But even though technology provides with advances to improve overall services in public administration, it is also noted that provides with alternatives...
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...transactions. 1. What is the major objective of accounting? · Accounting is an information and measurement system that identifies, measures, records, and communicates understandable, relevant, reliable, and comparable information to people that helps them in making better decisions. It helps people in business to identify and react to investment opportunities, and better assess opportunities, products, investments, and social[->0] and community responsibilities. 2. Distinguish between accounting and recordkeeping. · Recordkeeping is the recording of financial transactions and events, either manually or electronically. While recordkeeping is essential to data reliability, accounting is this and much more. Accounting includes identifying, measuring, recording, reporting, and analyzing economic events and transactions. It involves interpreting information, and designing information systems to provide useful reports that monitor and control an organization's activities. LIFA 1.2 FORMS OF ORGANIZATION · A business is one or more individuals selling products or services for profit. · There are business and non-business organizations. · Businesses have the goal of generating profit and take one of three forms: o Sole proprietorship o Partnership...
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...Shelby County Government Community Services Agency’s mission statement is, to break the generational cycle of poverty by offering opportunities through education, viable resources, and partnerships that empower the economically disadvantaged citizens within Shelby County to achieve economic independence and create a thriving community. (www.shelbycountytn.gov/247/Community-Services-Agency) The vision statement is Community Services Agency strives to empower its customers to not only improve their lives through economic security and stability but also their communities by planting seeds of change as we move toward a brighter future. (www.shelbycountytn.gov/247/Community-Services-Agency) Since Social Equity concepts are defined as a set of...
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...Equity and Equality Jaime Matta Concordia Online Community of Learners EDGR 595 Karen Billette February 27, 2012 Educational equity refers to equal access, opportunities, and expectations in education for all persons, irrespective of their backgrounds or status. As a democratic nation, the United States offers a system of "universal" and free public education as a primary mechanism for providing equal educational access and opportunities to all persons, for preparing its people for civic participation in society, and for the socialization of immigrants. The basic premise of public schooling in our school district is that students at all grade levels are entitled to equal learning opportunities irrespective of advantages, disadvantages, or liabilities linked to skin color, ethnicity, disability, or socioeconomic status. An open system of public education serves as a key compensatory strategy to minimize individual differences and to equalize potential achievements and life outcomes for all. To achieve this end, attendance in public schools became compulsory in most states by the start of the 20th century. Specifically, the words equality and equity have different meanings. Equity speaks to public actions and policies in the cause of fairness and social justice. It requires a sufficient distribution of social resources to rectify initially unequal conditions for different groups of people. Equal access to educational opportunity has been a central issue of legal, educational...
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...Margaret Thatcher from the United Kingdom, who vowed to reduce spending expenditures for public services and their privatization (Morgan & England, 1988). Since than numerous nations have national health systems in place that cover almost if not all its population, the advancement in medical technology today have made health insurance increasingly expensive which have lead governments to seek cost-effective...
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...FORTY-SECOND REGULAR SESSION OEA/Ser.P June 3 to 5, 2012 AG/doc.5242/12 rev. 2 Cochabamba, Bolivia 20 September 2012 Original: Spanish/English SOCIAL CHARTER OF THE AMERICAS (Adopted at the second plenary session, held on June 4, 2012, and reviewed by the Style Committee) THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, CONSIDERING that the Charter of the Organization of American States (OAS) provides that integral development encompasses the economic, social, educational, cultural, scientific, and technological fields through which the goals that each country sets for accomplishing it should be achieved; TAKING INTO ACCOUNT that the Inter-American Democratic Charter recognizes that democracy and social and economic development are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, and that promotion and observance of economic, social, and cultural rights are inherently linked to integral development, equitable economic growth, and the consolidation of democracy and the rule of law in the states of the Hemisphere; RECOGNIZING that social justice and equity are essential for democracy; CONSIDERING that the Charter of the OAS establishes among its essential purposes to eradicate extreme poverty; CONSIDERING AS WELL that extreme poverty constitutes an obstacle to development and, in particular, to the full democratic development of the peoples of the Hemisphere; and that its elimination is essential and constitutes a common and shared responsibility...
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...Health Disparity as a Public Health Initiative A Public Health Initiative involves all the activities whose establishment points towards improving the present and forthcoming defines in the health sector. The significant aim of PHI encompasses from the provision of essentials that assists given countries to adhere to the practice of healthy policies. In the long run, it will in turn lead to the creation of various opportunities including research and training of health workers. One of the health initiatives involves the Health Disparity. There exists a broad discrimination in the event in which various patients receive health services. It, therefore, puts health disparity as one of the public health initiatives. In this regard, this paper discusses more health inequality and its relevance to the health sector (Barr, 2014). Health disparity is a standard issue in the present world. It is a matter that arises due to the distinctiveness in the ethnic background, the color difference of individuals and the even difference in the language spoken. However, in the event of finding a solution to the given disparity, there exist certain principles of economics for evaluating and assessing the need for health inequality. The first principle advocates for the equal treatment of everybody in need of medical attention. It is a principle whose aims majors in equity (Bayer, 2012). Regardless of an individual’s ethnic background, each and every person dwelling in the planet earth deserves...
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...Social Development Working Paper No.1 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES IN SECTOR WIDE APPROACHES Andrew Norton, Bella Bird May 1998 ISSN: 1462-8651 ISBN: 1 86192 042 3 The aim of the Working Paper series is to generate knowledge on social development that is pertinent to DFID’s goal of eliminating world poverty. It is hoped that the series will provoke new thought and discussion on issues of policy and practice rather than simply reflecting established ideas and positions. Social Development Division Department for International Development 94, Victoria Street London SW1E 5JL UK Tel: 44 (0) 171 917 7000 Fax: 44 (0) 171 917 0197 Email: sdd@dfid.gtnet.gov.uk DFID homepage: http://www.dfid.gov.uk Contents Executive Summary 1. 2. 3. Introduction Background - Sector Wide Approaches Issues in Sector Wide Approaches Defining the sector Who owns and who leads? Who is consulted and how? Centralisation vs. Decentralisation Projects vs. Programmes Changes in Development Practice Strengthening the Social Impact of Sector Wide Approaches Entry Points for Social Development Approaches Institutionalising Social Analysis in SWAps Strengthening Processes of Consultation & Participation in SWAps Strengthening Civil Society Capacity To Engage In Sector Policy And Programmes 4. 5. 6. Conclusions References Acknowledgements This paper has benefited greatly from comments on earlier drafts from Phil Evans, Rosalind Eyben, Charlotte Heath, Mick Foster, Peter Balacs, Julia...
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...COMPENSATION EQUITY IN CHINA Hou Guangjian ABSTRACT In China presently, employees receive different compensation according to all kinds of ad hoc definitions of external equity, internal equity and individual equity. Consequently, employee attitudes toward work and social status are affected. If the government would provide people with access to better education, legal measures that guarantee fair competition, and training opportunities to people who have need, the Chinese people would have greater reason to believe that improved compensation equity will be realized in the future. INTRODUCTION Two years after the death of late chairman Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping launched century. During the past twenty-five years, the country has witnessed tremendous gains in economy and social wealth in general. Although, on the average, people are leading a much better life, the gap between rich and the poor is becoming larger. As a large developing country in a transition period from a planned economy to a market economy, China at present has to adopt a de facto policy of “letting a few people get rich first” to stimulate enthusiasm and initiative for the rest of the population. Thus, the usual egalitarianism -- what Chinese term the “Large Bowl” -- has been smashed. People working at similar jobs receive different compensation. Various ad hoc definitions of external equity, internal equity and individual equity influence compensation and, consequently, employee attitudes toward work and social status...
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...NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HEALTH CARE FINANCING, EFFICIENCY, AND EQUITY Sherry A. Glied Working Paper 13881 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13881 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2008 I thank Courtney Ward for research assistance and participants at the conference on Exploring Social Insurance, held in Toronto, November 2006. A version of this paper is forthcoming as a chapter in Exploring Social Insurance: Can a Dose of Europe Cure Canadian Health Care Finance? Edited by C. M. Flood, M. Stabile and C. Hughes Tuohy (Kingston, Montreal: Queen's School of Policy Studies, McGill-Queen's University Press). The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Sherry A. Glied. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Health Care Financing, Efficiency, and Equity Sherry A. Glied NBER Working Paper No. 13881 March 2008 JEL No. H42,H51,I18 ABSTRACT This paper examines the efficiency and equity implications of alternative health care system financing strategies. Using data across...
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...reporting standards for government and business enterprises need to focus and meet the requirements of their stakeholder’s needs. The stakeholders for the business enterprises financial reports are creditors, Equity Investors and their regulators who can use financial reports to make decision on whether to invest or not on those business and creditor whether to borrow them or not .The stakeholders for the Government are creditors and citizens who are primarily the resources provider though taxes, who need assess the government accountability in how public resources were acquired and used so as to make political, social and economic decisions. Creditors generally they look for the assurance if there will be sufficient fund to repay debt. In Business enterprises they seek the how the earnings are generated while in the government they seek information about the ability and willingness to correct taxes and generate other revenue to debt repayment. Major environmental Differences between Government and Business are described as follows; Organizational Purposes. The purpose for the business enterprise is to generate a profit by focusing on wealth creation for the benefit of its owners. While the purpose of government is enhance the well-being of citizen by proving public services and focusing on providing them in efficient, effective and sustainable manner. Government financial reports should...
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...The SERVQUAL model is based on five variables of service: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. (Gronroos,2006) Competition is increasing everywhere, it is important for service companies to have a competitive edge. A lot of strategies can be used but it should be based on service quality, considering the needs, purchasing and different behaviours of consumers. Brand Preference The variation in brand image occurs due to the presence of differentiation among the perception of brand among wholesalers and retailers. Even though the whole attitude of the end consumers’ is positive towards the Hugo Boss brand but the consumers fondness to buy the Hugo Boss brand appearing to be comparatively low down as the trend is being seen that the consumers are liking the other brands. Service Quality Service quality starts from customers. Quality is one of the major basis of their perceptions. Companies should focus on satisfying or exceeding the expectations of customers, as it is the most significant positioning tool that will attract clients. (Veljkovic,2006) Two Dimensions •...
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...Policy Brief: Public and Private Partnerships Executive Summary: Public and Private Partnerships (PPP's) describes the partnership between the Public Sector (Government) and the Private Sector (Business) working together through financing, design, constructions, renovation, management or maintenance of infrastructures to provide public services for citizens. National, state, and local governments worldwide all face tremendous budget gaps and therefore are increasingly adopting Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) models as a means to provide critical infrastructure service delivery. As Public Administration Students it will be important for us to understand the role of PPP's as well as how to use them efficiently, relevant to Public Financial Management. It will also discuss the social, economical, and political factors that play a role in PPPs. Overall PPP's should be used because they provide much-needed capital for projects; they can also serve as models of efficiency and reliability and be champions of high levels of accountability and transparency. In addition, PPPs can be cost-effective and time efficient. Statement of Issue: How can Governments use PPP's effectively? Improving the delivery of services for "Wicked Problems" is a critical need for many governments. "Wicked Problems" often include emergency policy challenges in transportation, the environment, and health and human services (Battagilo) Background information: PPPs were initiated in the United Kingdom...
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...Approaches to Equity in Policy for Lifelong Learning Ben Levin1 A paper commissioned by the Education and Training Policy Division, OECD, for the Equity in Education Thematic Review August 2003 EQUITY IN EDUCATION The opinions expressed in this paper are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its Member countries. 1 . Ben Levin, Ph D, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................ 2 APPROACHES TO EQUITY IN POLICY FOR LIFELONG LEARNING ................................................. 3 Origins of this report ................................................................................................................................... 3 Summary of the report................................................................................................................................. 3 PART 1 – THINKING ABOUT EQUITY IN LIFELONG LEARNING ...................................................... 5 A definition of equity? ................................................................................................................................ 5 The importance of equity ............................................................................................................................ 5 Current status of equity ......
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...Quality of service is rendered extremely important in any industry and it has been a subject of study and research in many fields. (Reeves and Bednar, 1994) This essay will look at definitions of quality in healthcare; examine the theories of quality in healthcare and approaches taken toward evaluating and improving quality of health services in Uganda’s public health sector with the main focus on the implementation of Millennium Development Goals. The discussion will focus on patient satisfaction as an aspect of quality and how it influences quality of care provided from a District healthcare manager’s perspective, analyse factors that influence patient satisfaction, how the MDGs aim to improve the quality of care provided to patients by exposing the gaps between healthcare management perceptions of service quality and how the service is actually being delivered to the consumers. Social constructionism in healthcare In social constructionism it is important to look at social settings and human way of life when focusing on healthcare in different cultures and societies. Class and social stratification can have profound implications for the way we experience health and illness and other life opportunities and expectations. Social structures (like class, religion, gender or law) didn’t suddenly appear fully formed as we know them now, they developed over time, through discourses and continue to move on, formed by economic, political, moral, environmental, social and technological...
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