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Erica Graham Prof. Poznanska International Business Final Paper 3/6/2015 Introduction: SAS Institute Inc is by far the world largest private software company. It is known for two things, it was the first company to make software for analyzing data, and how it treats its employees. “SAS Institute is probably the most important software company that you’ve never heard of.” (Fishmen) Yet a majority of the people in the United States and overseas uses SAS technology every day without knowing where and how it came into being. SAS is considered to be the sanest company in America, with the lowest turnover rates for employees across the world. “The company experiences annual turnover in the range of 2­3% compared to an industry average of 22%.” (Crowley) This is due to the way that SAS operates, putting its workers and their job satisfaction above everything else. SAS institute is also one of the very few companies to take a sustainability approach to business, one in which it holds the value of people above all else. “SAS has found that by being an especially benevolent and respected organization, they consistently produce the most optimal workplace performance.” (Crowley) Reason for International Expansion:

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In 1966 there was no company called SAS, but the foundation for this fast growing multinational company was laid. In 1966 the need for computerized statistics programs was enormous especially for the agricultural sector. The United States Department of Agriculture needed vast amounts of data to be collected and analyzed. The USDA gave out grants to the University Statisticians Southern Experiment Stations, a consortium of eight land­grant universities. These schools joined together under the NIH (National Institute of Health) to create a unspecialized statistical software program. This program was created to analyze all the agricultural data that the schools were generating. “The resulting program, the Statistical Analysis System, gave SAS both the basis for its name and its corporate beginnings.”(SAS) SAS started out in the statistical department of North Carolina State University, where its current CEO Jim Goodnight and program developer Jim Barr emerged as project leader. Barr created the architecture of the program and Goodnight implemented the features that would expand the systems capabilities. Mode of Entry: SAS enter into the market using its own unique marketing strategy. Instead of using competitive analysis or market penetration studies, SAS used its customers via user groups. Since SAS’s inception the direction its research and development went in, was larger driven by the institutes customers. These customers were encouraged to share and express their opinions about the company software products and services through formal and informal channels. Over the next few years SAS licensed out it software to “pharmaceutical companies, insurance companies and banks.” (SAS) It also gave out licenses to the academic community in

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which the project was born. The final members to join in on SAS, were Jane Helwig, who became SAS documentation writer, and John Sall a graduate student and programmer who would eventually become the Executive Vice President, completed the team. In 1976 SAS held its first users conference in which 300 people attended. “With a growing customer base that already numbered to be close to 100 academic, government and corporate entities, it was evident that success as an independent operation was possible.” (SAS) Following this conference, Goodnight, Barr, Helwig and Sall left NCSU and formed the SAS Institute Inc. After the conference Goodnight and his team decided the leave the campus, and SAS’s first office was opened in Raleigh, NC; right across the street from NCSU. Where did the MNC Go First and Why: In 1979 the company granted its first license to an overseas company, Databank of New Zealand. SAS’s software was also “adapted to run under IBM’s VM/CMS system. In 1980, SAS made new waves in the statistical software world, with the release of its “ SAS/GRAPH® software for information presentation graphics and SAS/ETS® software for econometric and time series analysis” (SAS) Later that year SAS would go on to open its first subsidiary SAS Software Limited. in the United Kingdom. In 1980 the company had outgrown its location in Raleigh, NC and moved to the current headquarter location in Cary, North Carolina. SAS also expanded its geographic boundaries as a company, “opening new offices on four continents and its first US regional sales office.”(SAS) SAS employee base grow to almost 1500 by the end of the decade. In 1985, SAS added two more subsidiaries, one in Japan and another in Hong Kong. “ SAS was expanding internationally

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and also taking advantage of lower development costs overseas. It site in Pune, India, was relatively tiny, with less than half a dozen employees but growing fast.”(Bilas) In order for SAS to keep up with the changing demands of the market, “SAS sponsored a network of more than 200 local, regional, national, international, in­house, and special interest users groups. In 1993, the institute experimented with the most extensive usability test ever performed on software.” (Bilas) When asked about their business marketing style, Joyner told Business Leader: "We're not a marketing­driven company. Throughout the 1980s, when a lot of other software companies were mesmerized by market share, we focused on talking face­to­face with users and meeting their needs. The competition saw us as a bunch of naive yokels who just fell off the turnip truck. In the last couple of years, though, many of our competitors have realized the value of being customer­driven." (Bilas) The icing on the cake that showed that SAS marketing strategy was really paying off was that an overwhelming amount of SAS software sites were renewing their licenses every year. According to the company's 1993 annual report, 95 percent of Fortune 500 companies that licensed SAS software that year elected to renew their licenses. SAS Institute also made a large effort to develop close relationships with other companies in the field and those in related fields. SAS believed that this strategy helped to bring cutting­edge products to market more rapidly. “In 1991, SAS struck a formal business partnership with Intel, one of the world's leading computer chip manufacturers. The agreement allowed for technology exchanges between the Institute and Intel and ensured that the two companies would forge a strong alliance between future generations of SAS software and Intel

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chips. In 1993, SAS Institute completed the development of an internal compiler that exploited the ground­breaking "Pentium" processor.” (SAS) How Important is International Operations In terms of Revenue, Growth: SAS international operations are extremely important to the company in terms of revenue and growth. Since SAS has decided not to make an IPO and remain private the majority of their funding comes from the 139 countries that renews their licenses every year. “ About 70% of our Revenue is recurring revenue from our renewable license model so we have an extremely hard time growing at more than 15% at this stage in our span.” (Goodnight) In order for them to even grow by 15% it means that they would have to increase their sales by at least 50% or more. That kind of growth is just unrealistic and hard to achieve. SAS biggest expenses is not what you would expect, “people represent about 75% of our total expenses” (Goodnight) SAS has to be careful about how many people they hire, since they have such a low employee turnover rate. Conclusion: Through out the mid 1990’s several new offices were opened across the United States, SAS also established subsidiaries in several foreign countries from Brazil to Russia and even in India. By the end of the 1990’s SAS had 5,000 workers world wide, and 30,000 customer sites. SAS now has customers in more than 139 countries, and software is installed and used at more than 75,00 business, government and university sites around the world. “93 of the top 100 companies on the 2014 Fortune Global 500 are SAS customers.”(SAS) SAS has also made many acquisitions over the last 30 years, gaining at least one almost every few years since 1984. ( See

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list of Acquisitions below.)SAS has remained profitable over the last 38 years, despite the fact that it remains a private company with no stock holders. Since its incorporation in 1976 SAS has increased its revenue. In some years it has even doubled the amount of revenue coming in compared to previous years. This is because they spend very little money on employee turnover. They don’t need to hire recruiters or place ads because it is very rare that employees leave the company.

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Year Company 2012 rPath, Inc.

Business Software appliance

Country United States United States

2011 AssetLink

Integrated Marketing Management

2010 Vision Systems and Technology (VSTI) 2010 Memex

Advanced Analytics Professional United Services States Intelligence Management Software Natural Language Processing Scotland United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United Kingdom

2008 Teragram

2008 IDeaS

Revenue Management Software for the hospitality industry. Customer Intelligence

2006 Veridiem

2003 Marketmax

Merchandise Planning and Analytics Software Risk Management

2003 Risk Advisory

2003 OpRisk Analytics LLC 2002 Verbind Software

Management Consulting Services

Behavioral Tracking and Event­Triggering Software Software Developer and Wholesaler Campaign Management Software

2002 ABC Technologies Inc. 2001 Intrinsic Ltd

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2000 DataFlux

Data Quality, Data Integration and Master Data Management Business Analytics

United States United States

1997 Statview Life Sciences software from Abacus Concepts 1993 GESCAN International, Inc. 1988 NeoVisuals Inc.

Document and Workflow Management Systems 3D Computer Graphics and Animation Software

United States United States United States

1986 The Lattice C C Compiler compiler, often considered the first C programming language on the IBM PC 1984 The System 2000 Database Management Database Management System from Intel Corporation

United States

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Works Cited

"About SAS." About SAS . SAS.com, n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2015. Bilas, Wendy; Ingram Frederick. "SAS Institute Inc." Encyclopedia.com . HighBeam Research, 01 Jan. 2006. Web. 08 Mar. 2015. Crowley, Mark. "How SAS Became The World's Best Place To Work." Fast Company . Fast Company, 22 Jan. 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2015. Fishman, Charles. "Sanity Inc." Fast Company . Fast Company, 31 Dec. 1998. Web. 08 Mar. 2015. High, Peter, and Jim Goodnight. "An Interview With The Godfather Of Data Analytics, SAS's Jim Goodnight." Forbes . Forbes Magazine, 12 May 2014. Web. 08 Mar. 2015. "SAS Institute." ikipedia W . Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2015.

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