...The famous military sonata for pianoforte, The Battle of Trenton Sonata is a through-composed work by American composer James Hewitt. A contemporary of Beethoven, Hewitt was born and raised in England until moving to New York in 1792 at the age of 22. Throughout his career, James Hewitt was very active in both Boston and New York as a conductor, composer/arranger and music publisher. The story behind Hewitt’s sonata unfolded in Trenton, New Jersey on December 25th 1776 as President Washington led his Army across the Delaware River, preceding The Battle of Trenton that occurred the next day. Although a large number of the opposing Hessians escaped, within an hour of battle nearly nine hundred were captured by Washington’s Army. This was the first pivotal victory of the American Revolutionary War, boosting reenlistments into the Continental Army. Twenty years after this event, James Hewitt published his sonata in 1797 after living as an American citizen for just over five years. The Sonata is written using numerous titled sections that correspond with the historical event: “Army in Motion”, “General Orders”, “Washington’s March”, “Defeat of Hessians”, “Yankee Doodle”, and “General Rejoicing”. Essentially, the composers goal whilst writing a military sonata was to recreate the event with music as best as possible. With regards to tempo markings and tonality, Hewitt is able to effectively match the mood of each event, for example: “Washington’s March” is marked as maestoso while...
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...Alessandro Scarlatti (2 May 1660 – 24 October 1725) Alessandro Scarlatti was an Italian Baroque composer especially famous for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of two other composers, Domenico Scarlatti and Pietro Filippo Scarlatti. Life Scarlatti was born in Palermo, then part of the Kingdom of Sicily. He is generally said to have been a pupil of Giacomo Carissimi in Rome, and some theorize that he had some connection with northern Italy because his early works seem to show the influence of Stradella and Legrenzi. The production at Rome of his opera Gli Equivoci nell sembiante (1679) gained him the support of Queen Christina of Sweden (who at the time was living in Rome), and he became her Maestro di Cappella. In February 1684 he became 'Maestro di Cappella to the viceroy of Naples, perhaps through the influence of his sister, an opera singer, who might have been the mistress of an influential Neapolitan noble. Here he produced a long series of operas, remarkable chiefly for their fluency and expressiveness, as well as other music for state occasions. In 1702 Scarlatti left Naples and did not return until the Spanish domination had been superseded by that of the Austrians. In the interval he enjoyed the patronage of Ferdinando de' Medici, for whose private theatre near Florence he composed operas, and of Cardinal Ottoboni, who made him his maestro di cappella, and procured him a similar...
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...Mozart’s Sonata No. 11 in A-Major K. 331 Sarah Pool Salzburg College Dr. Oliver Kraft 01.12.2012 Mozart’s Sonata No. 11 in A-Major K. 331 Mozart wrote his eleventh sonata around the year 1778 while he was on a trip in Paris. Although the exact date is uncertain, he wrote a set of 4 sonatas in Paris, K. 300-333. However, they were not published until he was in Vienna in 1781. His travels around Europe during the 1770s were not the happiest of times because he was in his twenties and could no longer be considered a child prodigy. He wanted to write instrumental and secular works, but his jobs wanted sacred music (AQA Advanced Level Notes). This particular sonata has a beautiful first movement of variations, a minuet and trio for the second movement, and the “Rondo Alla Turca” third movement written in the Turkish style. When analyzing the first movement of this A-Major sonata, it is important to note that it does not follow the normal sonata form. A typical sonata would have an allegro as the first movement. Instead, this one has a variations movement with the tempo marked Andante Grazioso. It starts at a leisurely tempo, slower than a normal sonata would, but each variation gradually speeds up by bringing in smaller note values along with some contrasting variations in between. The first movement has a French character in 6/8 meter (Kinderman p.50). The French character was used because he wrote it while he was in Paris, and the 6/8 meter creates a pastoral mood. The...
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...Music 115- Weekly Assignment As orchestras grew and more and better instruments came about the symphony emerged. The symphony bares many comparisons to the baroque concerto. A symphony is much more dynamic however; it does not contrast a soloist with a full orchestra creates an interaction and transformation of multiple themes. The string quartet later emerged in the classical era where it was different from symphonies in terms dynamic and timbre but was well suited for the big stages and powerful lights. A string quartet is a group of instruments specifically has two violins, a viola and a cello. In comparison a string quartet matches symphony in movements and tempo but lacks the timbre and dynamic punch of a symphony. Joseph Hayes was the pioneer for string quartets; he made them popular by writing 68 quartets in his life time. String quartets and symphonies began to follow a form just like how today’s music follow a form of chorus to verse. There form was exposition (problem), development and then recapitulation. In the exposition there are many different themes and contrasting tonalities. The next part of the form is sort of a struggle or instability of the tonality. This can be taught of as sort of a story and how a story starts off with a problem, the problem escalates then there is eventually a solution. Recapitulation is the themes of the exposition return. It is similar to the original. The symphony and string quartet both have their similarities and differences but...
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...actually dedicated to Brahms- as a surprise encore. Also known as Saint Anthony Variations, Brahms composed his Variations during a summer stay in Lake Starnberg near Münich during a time where he had finally, after the premiere of A German Requiem in 1868, achieved recognition throughout Europe. He based his work on a theme in Chorale Saint Antoni originally attributed to Haydn, although in the nineteenth century this was questioned and the piece remains unattributed to this day. Brahms composed two versions of this work –one for two pianos, the other for orchestraboth of which consist on a theme on B-flat major, eight variations and a finale in passacaglia form. The night started with Joseph Haydn’s Symphony No.90 in C Major, a piece in sonata form composed for one flute, timpani, viola, cello, bass and two oboes, bassoons, horns, trumpets and violins. The first movement –the Adagio- introduces, the listener to the piece by a sharp contrast between forte and an eight descending notes in piano. We are then presented –in a piano violin- the essential element of the first theme. Then, the music picks up a faster pace and energy until it reaches a dialogue between the oboes and the bass. The theme is...
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...Concert Critique # 1 On February 9th, 2013, I attended a concert that was performed by the Charleston Symphony Orchestra. This concert was organized by the Moncks Corner, South Carolina, Mayor’s Office and Recreation Department, and was performed in the Berkley High School Auditorium. The Charleston Symphony Orchestra would actually have 2 instrumental sets with a brief intermission between them. The 1st musical set was played by their String Quartet and they would be playing Mozart’s String Quartet #19. The 2nd musical set would be performed by the Woodwind Quintet, and they would be playing the Beethoven - Quintet, Op.71. Below you will find a critique primarily on the 1st set that was played by the Charleston Symphony Orchestra String Quartet. In 1785, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote a six string quartet which he dedicated to his friend and mentor Joseph Haydn. The one that was played tonight was arguably the most popular one and I was written and performed in C major. The piece was also called the "Dissonant Quartet". It was arguably Mozart's finest quartet writing, most beloved chamber music piece and the performance tonight did an excellent job at captivating every minute detail to the piece. This piece had a total of 4 movements. On 1st Violin was Alex Wathrow, on 2nd Violin was Asico Cramer, On the Viola was Christopher Manning, and on the Cello was Damion Cramer. Adagio. Allegro Just listen to the opening bars of this movement and you will see where this quartet gains...
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...a wonderful voice. When he was eight he was sent to Vienna to become a choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral. When he left the choir he made money by playing and teaching the violin as a freelance musician. Haydn would then go onto become an assistant for composer Nicola Porpora. Then in 1761 he was appointed Kapellmeister at the Esterhazy family palace, he would hold this position for the next 30 years (biography.com, 2013). The position of Kapellmeister consisted of managing and writing music for the prince’s chapel, but in addition to his private opera house, marionette theater, and palace chamber music. Haydn composed a total of 104 symphonies, more than 20 operas, 83 string quartets, in addition to several divertimentos, trios, and sonatas.. During his time with the Esterhazy family, Haydn’s popularity continued to grow outside the palace walls. He would come to write as much music for publication as he was for the royal family. Some of his most successful works that were commissioned abroad included the Paris symphonies and “The Seven Last Words of Christ”. In 1791, a new Esterhazy prince allowed Haydn to leave the palace. Haydn would then move to England to conduct more symphonies. During his stay in England he composed some of his best works. Some of those works’ included “Rider” and the London symphonies. In his later years, he would create his final masterpieces, which consisted of “powerful choral works” (allmusic.com,...
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...Karis Miller Bob Pedersen Music Appreciation November 5, 2012 Berg/Debussy/Stravinsky Chicago Symphony Orchestra The concert video that I watched was called Berg/Debussy and Stravinsky with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Conducted by Pierre Boulez with soloist soprano Christine Schafer and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. On the video the full orchestra played three different composers musical works. Alan Berg, symphony selections from Lulu, there was also Claude Debussy’s Le Jet D’eau and Trois Ballades de Villon, and lastly there was Igor Stranvinsky’s The Firebird. This music was all from the Classical Period between 1750-1820. The first section that I choose to review was the last movement of Debussy’s music. The beginning of the fourth movements dynamics are Mezzo piano and with a tempo of accelerando. The soprano soloist begins singing allegro and builds the drama with her voice and with the help of the orchestra. The music soon climaxes fortissimo where the focal point is very dramatic and the orchestra is playing loud enough to her less of the soloist and more of the powerful sounds of the violins and the brass instruments in the orchestra. With many tempo changes, the music does an elaborate rise and fall beginning with much force and fortissimo and ending with a complete cadence that gives you a feeling of finality. I do think that the last cadence kind of left me feeling like I wanted more and didn’t want it to be over. I liked this piece very much but...
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...solid cadence, imitative polyphony, harpsichord cadenza, showing off qualities of a virtuoso harpsichord player * Genre: concerto grosso * 1stmovement allegro * ritornello form 3. Ludwig Van Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, 1st Movement (1808) between Classicism and Romanticism * Symphonic ideal * Ehytmic drive, motivic consistency, definite progression * First movement – sngle motive heard constantly – organic quality – seems to grow * Classical forms, however, replaced miuet w/ scherzo (fast, rushing movement in triple meter –ABA) * Allegro * Single motive – first theme in the exposititon * Single rhythmic motive * Allegro * Sonata form * Motive expands further in the development section – continues growing in the long coda * Sonata form * Classical 4. Frediric Chopin: Nocturne in F major, op 15 no. 2 * Ternary form * Genre: song cylcle * Rubato * Romanticism * Chromaticism – free of all notes * Free flowing rhythm...
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...Introduction Hyundai Motor Company was founded in 1967. It produced Korea’s first locally designed car in 1976, and now produces close to four million cars and commercial vehicles a year. Several articles about this company has been selected to present different management theories, particularly discussing their strategy and structure, that include SWOT analysis, Porter’s five forces model, related diversification and low cost strategy. The essay concludes with giving an overall picture about the impact of current strategies that Hyundai is adopting. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a planning exercise in which manager identify organizational strengths and weaknesses, environment opportunities and threats (Waddell et al. (2011, p. 313).The one of the main strength of Hyundai is their growing brand reputation all over the world in automotive industry. In 2012, Hyundai’s brand value grew by 24% to US$ 7.43 billion and became the 53rd most valuable brand in the world (Interbrand, 2013). Another way of Hyundai increasing their competitive advantage, is through investing in product research and bringing the latest technologies into the system. The company has a lot of experts in various engineering fields who are always coming up with better improved cars and designs that are appealing to the customers. In addition, Company’s financial position has been getting better every year. Company’s credit rating was reported to AA+ for 2012 which means that there is minimum risk of investing...
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...Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking Paper By Jeffrey K. Kelley University of Phoenix Psy/400 Professor Sherri Sedler Biblical Tips and Tools for Conflict resolution: Conflict is all around us, in our homes, churches, communities and work environment. How we handle each conflict will determine whether we strengthen our relationship or break it up. Each situation can be dealt with in a way that can bring healing to a relationship instead of animosity and further pain. Often conflict is looked upon as a negative experience that many refuse to take part in because of poor conflict management skills but if both parties are willing to sit down and talk it can have a positive outcome. When conflict is dealt with correctly and successfully from the start then there will be a greater understanding from each individual involved and an increased likelihood of unity and an improved relationship. “It strikes me as a bit more than ironic that theological education requires certification in Pastoral counseling but absolutely no training in conflict management.” Dr. David Roozen. The Disturbing Trend in the USA Research conducted by the Barna Group has revealed two stunning facts: (1) not only is the majority of the nation's non-churched population comprised of people who consider themselves Christians, but that (2) about four out of ten of these stopped attending due to a "painful" or otherwise "negative" ordeal. Moreover, the problem is getting worse. Based on current...
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...the way that Mozart perfected the balanced technique in his pieces. The Classical period was all about creating and defining set standards for the way classical music should be created and Mozart's music fit this rule perfectly. 3. Dissonance during the Romantic period reaches a peak, especially in Wagner's music. Wagner's opera, Tristan and Isolde, is all about dissonance. The Classical period is all about the perfect balance (unless you're Beethoven). I'd say that dissonance and consonance were about equal during the classical period. 4. Chamber Music is music that is written for only a few instruments. A string quartet only has 4 instruments so it is definitely chamber music. Also piano sonatas are another example of chamber music. 5. The bridge in sonata form is where the key shifts from the tonic to the dominant or from minor to relative major. In Beethoven's 5th Symphony the bridge is very short and is simply a French Horn mirroring the opening theme instead of playing a new theme. 6. Beethoven's 5th is a powerful and unique symphony. It is very unusual for its very long coda piece that introduces a new theme which doesn't normally happen in codas. It also has a very short bridge as talked about in question number five. The most noticeable fact of the Beethoven's 5th is the widespread repetition of the first four notes that are played in the very beginning. Throughout the entire symphony that beginning melody is almost always being played by at...
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...K-pop swing Although Korean dramas remain popular among Malaysian fans, K-pop has garnered an equal, if not bigger, number of followers over the last few years. In 2006, TVXQ became the first Korean band to perform in Malaysia, opening the gates for other K-pop stars such as Rain, Super Junior, Wonder Girls and Girls' Generation to showcase their music here. Nini Yusof, country manager (advertising sales Malaysia) with Universal Networks International (which runs the E! channel, among others) feels this growing interest is reflected in the increasing number of K-pop acts that have performed here. “Now, you can see at least one K-pop act performing here every three months.” DiGi, which has been hosting various K-pop “parties” with stars like 4Minute, Beast, G.NA and recently Jay Park, is also a proponent of K-pop here. “K-pop is a music genre that is very close to the hearts of our customers, especially among the youths,” DiGi's head of marketing services Sulin Lau had said at a press conference promoting K-pop star Jay Park. In fact, a KTO survey conducted in May last year showed that K-pop has indeed overtaken K-drama as the main purveyor of Hallyu in Malaysia and elsewhere. The survey revealed that, driven mainly by the Internet and social media network, more than 53.3% of 12,085 fans from 102 countries chose K-pop as the Hallyu aspect that interested them most. The K-pop influence online was proven when YouTube invited K-pop stars TVXQ and Kara to headline...
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...The genre of music is made up of many styles and forms that have been shared throughout cultures and traditions. Many styles have caught on quickly and are loved by many whereas others have been more controversial and caused differences among people. No matter what types of music one may listen to it is usually the beat and style that suits that person during that time in his or her life or the mood he or she are in at that moment. The melody and harmony interact to create a masterpiece for one’s ears. The development of music was probably drum related instruments that someone started hitting that made beats and when different objects were hit there were different sounds made. “These simplest of simple instruments are thought to have been used in religious ceremonies as representations of animals. There was no notation or writing of this kind of "music" and its sounds can only be extrapolated from the music of (South) American Indians and African natives who still adhere to some of the ancient religious practices” (Hollis, 2012). Darwin (1871) noted that the human musical faculty “must be ranked amongst the most mysterious with which he is endowed” (Masataka, 2007, p. 35-39). Music has developed and evolved from just a few beats to being one of the most enjoyed past times of all time. Music has evolved from prehistoric music, middle ages, the Renaissance to modern day. After the Renaissance period music developed more from styles other than composers who created...
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...Research- We are focusing on the below points to research on this topic. * Introduction * Survey & Results * Target Industries * Best Practices for companies * Related Reference * Case Study * Proposal * Suggestions Related Reference Study- 1.Revisiting Dynamic Capability (An award winning essay by Adwaita Govind Meno) 2.The Female Economy: The Millinery and Dressmaking Trades, 1860-1930-By Wendy Gamber 3.Empowering Women is a smart Economics- IMF Review Article- http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2012/03/revenga.htm 4.The Rise of Female Economy in B2B- https://www.atkearney.com/marketing-sales/ideas-insights/the-rise-of-the-female-economy-in-b2b Case Study- HYUNDAI SONATA--- How the design of Hyundai Sonata revolved in last 20 years. Proposal- A travel Agency which is focused on the rise of female Economy. Anticipated Conclusion: * Men & women make purchase decisions differently * Women are different from each other * Women are the gatekeepers for the household * Brands must speak women’s language * Give them daily solution How to resolve the comments from the instructor We will research more on this point as per the comment of our instructor to...
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