...Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Thomas J. Tophia Jr. BSHS/435 May 26, 2016 Dr. Judith A. Geske Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry This paper will define and describe the scientific method and the steps in scientific inquiry. This paper will further explain what the steps are in the scientific method of inquiry or research process and why each of these steps must be included to support the scientific method. Further the paper will briefly discuss how the scientific method was applied in the article “Faculty Beliefs, Perceptions, and Level of Community Involvement in Their Research: A Survey at One Urban Academic Institution”. Lastly the paper will summarize how scientifically sound research supports the function of a human service manager. Scientific Method The scientific method can be defined as a method that is used for research and study and involves “identifying a problem that defines the goal of research, make a prediction that, if confirmed, resolves the problem, gather data relevant to this prediction, analyze and interpret the data to see if it supports the prediction and resolves the question that initiated the research.” (Monette, Sullivan, & DeJong, 2011) These steps now provide the foundation for education research according to, “Monette, Sullivan, & DeJong, 2011”. The scientific method can help produce the right answers to questions that cannot be answered with common sense alone. Researchers can use...
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...Scientific method and steps in scientific inquiry paper BSHS 435 Mary Evitt January 11 2016 Introduction In this essay, I will define the scientific method, and how it relates to the human service research process. I will explain what the steps are in the scientific method of inquiry or research process, and why must each of the steps being included to support the scientific method. I will discuss how the scientific research method was applied in the article that I chose to complete my research on. I will summarize how scientifically profound research meaning referring to scientific method supports the function of human service manager. Scientific method When defining the scientific method and how it relates the human service research process, when using the scientific method in research you are gathering answers that you do not know about the subject. Using the scientific method is the best way to discover the truth from lies and disillusion. As a human service professional you will work with many clients that will come to you with many different problems wanting your guidance, using the Scientific method you will help guide your clients in the right direction and find the right solution to their problem. The steps in the scientific method There are six steps in the scientific method to help researchers “identifying a problem that defines the goal of research, make a prediction that, if confirmed, resolves the problem, gather data relevant to this prediction...
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...RESEARCH TRADITIONS IN SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Name: Institution: Research Traditions in Scientific Inquiry Basing on theoretical and research articles, ethics in organizations refer to ways of official and non-official standards of behaviors that people apply at the work place. Some significant values determine the ethics as well as learning from others. Among the values that may influence organizational ethics or conflicts include trust, honesty and respect. For instance, the manner in which managers, colleagues and leaders at the work place behave may determine the views at a certain organization to be either accepted or unaccepted (Ross, 1988). According to Davis, (1975), there are key factors that may influence conflicts in various organizations. For example, motivation by a leader at a given organization plays a major role in sustaining ethics at the place. Motivation can be referred to as the ability within the person that determines his or her behavior towards scoring a certain target. In order to succeed in motivation, a firm provides benefits or incentives to motivate employees to work according to the company's aims or objectives. For effective managing of employees, it is important to have a good understanding of motivation as it also guides in describing their ethical behaviors. For instance, there could be unethical behavior from an employee who could wish to acquire a higher level in a company where he could...
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...Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper Monique Reed BSHS/435 February 22, 2015 Dora Baker Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper In this paper in will provide details on how scientific methods can be used in the Human services. Explaining the steps of scientific methods, and how it serves as an important key to Human services professionals. Each steps will be included on how they are define and what purpose it serves will scientific methods are applied. Human services professionals use the scientific methods to gain information on the client as well as how to approach the clients issues. Also researching other resources to meet the needs of the client to ensure the client is receiving accurate help. Scientific Method Scientific method is a method that used to research and study that involves investigation and evaluation of present or future problems. Scientific method helps with produce the right answers to questions that cannot be answered with common sense alone. Researchers can use scientific methods to exploit all the facts, evidence, opinions, and records to find the right plan. As a Human service professional using scientific method can help with identifying the solution of the client’s problem and finding a resolution to ensure it will help to rebuild the client’s life. No matter field an individual is in when it concerns Human services, research will always be needed to ensure self-thoughts, bias, and ones on solution is not...
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...I had to explain how socio norms, representation and language are represented in scientific inquiry. 1. Language, Representation and socio-cultural norms in scientific inquiry. It has been made clear that, in the evolution of scientific thought, language is playing a more active role than is implied by a passive vehicle which merely conveys information. In the context of communication theory, linguists themselves have also pointed to the inadequacies of this traditional viewpoint, for it is clear that the listener is as active as the speaker in elaborating the content of the message ( http://www.ejmste.com/012005/m2.pdf). We could argue that there are strong parallels to be drawn between the way in which the visual world is created and the way in which language is used to create our mental spaces. We therefore see that language can play a particularly subtle and active role in the way scientists communicate with each other and the ways in which new ideas are developed, or can be blocked (http://multiplex.integralinstitute.org/Public/cs/forums/thread/16055.aspx). It is also important to understand the relationship between vision and language in great depth over the years of scientific inquiry it has grown in context and the thoughts that have been constructed from (ihttp://www.fdavidpeat.com/bibliography/essays/lang.htmt) . These ideas can be seen and viewed through the eyes of three different author’s, Laquer’s work on historical tales told by representations of women’s bodies...
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...Project Pre-Proposal Statement Project Title: | Online Cooperative Credit Inquiry System | Proponents/Researchers: | 1. Mark Angelo Mandigma | | 2. Mc Vincent Ringor | | | | | | | Rationale | Online Cooperative Credit Inquiry System is a system process in which data entered offline but information can be retrieved online. Any inquiry into an account, whether it be a depositary account or credit account. The inquiry can refer to past records, payments or other specific transactions, or any other entries relating to the account [1]. Most financial institutions have a formal department that deals with account inquiries. Sometimes the term is used when there is a request to or from a credit agency about a particular consumer [2]. A transaction whereby a bank or other credit-issuing institution views an individual's credit report in connection with a loan or credit card application. The purpose of a credit inquiry is to evaluate an individual's likelihood to repay money that is lent to them (known as creditworthiness) [3]. | Scope of the Study: | A Client of the Cooperative Agency can enter an Account Number (The Agency assign an account number when the client registered and avail a service offered by the agency). * Online Credit Inquiry System will access accounts and gives them an update about client balances, * Online Credit Inquiry System will access accounts and determine whether there is an overpayment on your...
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...rooms that you have requested. Although our hotel is unable to accommodate college students, it would be a pleasure to keep in contact for any future inquires you may have as a business professional later on. If you are still interested in visiting Panama City Florida, there are many other resorts in the same area as our hotel which I believe would provide you with a wonderful stay. The Palms Resort sits directly on Panama City Beach and includes free parking, WiFi, and a daily complimentary breakfast. There is also a tiki bar which provides refreshments and cocktails next to the ocean-view pool. Regardless of your final destination, I hope that you have an excellent Spring Break. I look forward to hearing from you for any inquiries you may have after graduation. Good luck in the rest of your college career. Thank you, Jalen Marable Manager Panama City 100 8228 S. Beach Ave Panama City, FL 32114 marabljj@mail.uc.edu...
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...how defective investigations are carried out by police as they are incompetent within particular investigation units. Authors also bring forward the issue of the 1970 Abortion Graft inquiry proving how useless it is to believe police can sufficiently investigate when corruption is so ‘cohesive and well-planned’. Ultimately, authors proved that strong suspicions of corruption were obvious, even other police officers were aware of what had been occurring but it seemed to be kept quiet. 2. Why do the authors think that civilian independent oversight bodies are necessary? Civilian independent oversight bodies are necessary to assist in uncovering police corruption. 3. What was the Police Complaints Tribunal? What did the authors outline as being some of the problems that existed within it? The Police Complaints Tribunal was well known as an unskilled overseer of police and was the topic of much genuine criticism. The Tribunal was reputable as a consequence of claims on police corruption due to prostitution and gambling. Originally the Tribunal was prepared to deal with such claims, to remove emphasis off the police department and government. I Authors proved that even if the Tribunal had applied a dedicated and severe method to dealing with police inquiries they still didn’t ensure the authority of reporting to parliament. This means that...
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...* Founded in 1922 * Public service broadcast of Radio and Television * Independent of government and overseen by a board of governers * One of the few Broadcasters in the world which did not carry advertising Reach was to 50 Million/week domestically and 300Million/week worldwide dsadddcv sd sd * BBC was run more as an institution rather than a company * Prior to the year 2000 there were three main divisions designed to deliver value for money a) Resources b) Program Production c) Program Broadcasting * Each division had its own head quarters and they traded with each other in an internal market * Chief executive was in touch with all operations * There was clear definition of responsibilities * Decision making was slow because senior managers were overburdened * Co- ordination between functions were difficult * Difficult to cope with diversity and failure to adapt (focus was internal rather than on audience.) The Structure in place during John Birt was clearly Functional Structure * Flatter and flexible structure was put in place. * Senior management layer was removed – 17 directors would report directly to Director General * Removal of duplications of central and support functions * Simplifying internal trading * Control by performance * Specialization of competencies * Geographic divisions for better control * Each division became independent and self sufficient * Because of this...
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...The Design of Business Why Design Thinking Is the Next Competitive Advantage by Roger Martin Copyright 2009 Roger Martin Summarized by permission of Harvard Business Press 256 pages Focus Leadership & Management Strategy Sales & Marketing Finance Human Resources IT, Production & Logistics Career Development Small Business Economics & Politics Industries Intercultural Management Concepts & Trends Take-Aways • Business leaders often believe they must choose between analysis and intuition. “Design thinking” offers a third path. • Design thinkers observe the world, imagine alternatives and bring them into being. • Innovations start as intriguing “mysteries.” To unfold them, first develop workable “heuristics” and then derive predictable “algorithms.” • Think of the learning and discovery process as moving through a “knowledge funnel.” • People need analysis and creative thinking at different points in that funnel. • New firms emphasize “exploration.” As they mature, they shift to exploiting known ideas, but if they stop at that point, other innovators will surpass them. • Your organization must balance predictable or “reliable” production with “validity,” experimentation that leads to new ideas and commercial success. • To protect a company, leaders must protect the exploration that leads to its validity. However, over time, organizations tend to emphasize reliability instead. • To develop your design mind, broaden your “personal knowledge system.” • Cultivate the “stance...
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...informal education. In order to solve everyday problems, children consciously or unconsciously engage in scientific thinking and analysis of situations. This scientific approach to solving everyday problems needs to be encouraged and developed in a formal educational setting where teachers continuously change and organize curriculum and instruction to meet the needs of their children (Poon, Tan & Tan, 2009). The best environment that fosters and develops structured scientific analytical thinking is the school, where the child spends the major section of his/her day when he/she is away from home. It is within the school environment that formal learning takes place. Acceptable attitudes and values which the child inculcates are transmitted by the teacher who is specifically trained to teach at given levels. The training of the teacher in the use of the most effective methods of teaching is therefore the first and foremost important goal preceding the child’s education, especially since it has been established that teachers go on to teach science in the same way that they have been taught (Marshall & Dorward, 2000). Upon investigation, in private as well as public schools, we have been privy to two familiar methods of teaching science in the elementary and kindergarten classrooms. The two common methods are the inquiry and the direct instruction methods of teaching. The inquiry method of teaching is practiced mainly by a lot of public school teachers in the kindergarten classes...
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...Changing Perceptions on Inquiry Based Learning in Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers North Carolina State University Changing Perceptions on Inquiry Based Learning in Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers The modern world in which we live is requiring individual citizens to become more equipped with essential 21st century skills. The science classroom is a platform where students can engage in critical thinking, communication, and collaboration skills that would enhance their readiness for our rapidly changing, technology rich, society. Furthermore, teaching these skills through means of inquiry and constructivism has shown to increase student involvement, comprehension, and retention when done effectively (Aydeniz, 2012, pg.201). For this reason it is imperative for science educators to include, if not practice regularly; inquiry based learning in their lessons. However, this is not an approach many teachers feel comfortable implementing for various reasons. The purpose of this review is to focus on research studies that have provided professional development on inquiry based learning to pre-service and in-service teachers in the hopes of improving their views of inquiry while encouraging and supporting them in practicing this methodology. The studies used are from multiple countries and school level ranges from kindergarten to high school. Since this area of research is increasing in its popularity the articles used are fairly recent, ranging from 2008 to 2014. This...
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...Constructivism & PBL CONSTRUCTIVISM AS A CULTURAL SYSTEM, CURRICULUM INTEGRATION AND PBL 1 Constructivism as a cultural system in a n integrated curriculum program using Problem Based Learning Hortensia Jiménez Díaz Córdoba, Ver. Presented as a poster in the PBL2004 International Conference Cancún, México June 13-19, 2004 Constructivism & PBL Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify if teachers and students from an undergraduate program designed under a constructivist model, using curriculum integration and PBL, perceive the created environment as a cultural system, according to Windschitl (1999). The research work was completed with open questionnaires and direct observations that were used to collect information about the process that is going on in this program. The data obtained was analyzed using the seven essential values of PBL proposed by Keng-Neo, Yih Chyn and Heng Chye (2001) that were related to Windschitl’s elements of a cultural system. The findings show that even when the program has most of the elements proposed by the authors mentioned above, the teachers do not have a deep 2 knowledge about constructivism and its philosophical principles, and they consider PBL just as an alternative way of teaching. A deeper analysis is required to establish which of the factors involved in creating a cultural system are present in this kind of programs and how do these factors contribute to that. Constructivism & PBL 3 Constructivism as a cultural...
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...No one outside of economists and financial philosophers predicted nor expected a financial crisis during 2008, the same year the Lehman Brothers Holding collapsed. As Americans, we are known to begin pointing fingers as the situation deteriorates and the U.S. State has come to quite a few conclusions as to who is rightfully at fault, although everything that occurs should be considered as a chain cycle rather than specific factors. Three common “narratives” as told to us by the six members of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission created by the Congress to investigate the causes of the financial crisis states that the financial crisis was as a result of “poor U.S. policy and supervision” (Hennessey, Holtz-Eakin), Wall Street’s influence in Washington, and having government intervention in the housing market. On the other hand, many economists including John Geanakoplos invented something called “The Leverage Cycle” which quite frankly, can simply explain the downfall of the United States’ financial crisis. The Leverage Cycle focuses on the causes and effects of each economic step and process and the outcome it produces. To start the cycle, banks are required to approve loans and they require collateral as a safety precaution for the debt which on average is the house. Because of the high pricing within the housing market, banks found other ways to receive and stretch collateral, using methods such as “double-duty” and lending against collaterals. Eventually, this leads...
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...Fundamentals of Research Paper In this paper I will discuss scientific method and its relation to the human service field. I will explain the steps in the scientific method and the process of scientific inquiry, as well as define quantitative research and qualitative research. I will explain how they differ and relate each to the human services field and the scientific method. The scientific method is a method for research and study that is applied to investigate, observations and to get to the root cause of the problem/situation/s and is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions. Scientists use the scientific method to search for cause and effect relationships in nature. Information is collected by asking open-ended questions during in-depth interviews. Research is increasingly essential to the delivery of human services and to the professionals who are mandated with the responsibility of making the delivery of these services effective, efficient, and responsive to human needs (Monette, Sullivan, & DeJong, 2010, p. 2). When dealing with special need population the elderly, the scientific method can be applied by finding answers to questions. The steps the process of scientific inquiry would be to make an observation, collect all data, analyze what your data means, Plan out the experiment to test your hypothesis, and take notes, draw coclusion.Each of these steps must be included because it helps to minimize...
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