...IT and the Changing Social Division of Labor: The Case of Electronics Contract Manufacturing[1]GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND THE INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR IN THE AGE OF THE INTERNET Boy Lüthje Institute of Social Research University of Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 26 D-60325 Frankfurt/M Germany Telephone: 069/756183-30, -43 Fax: 069/747709 E-Mail: luethje@soz.uni-frankfurt.de Draft paper for conference Transforming Enterprise Department of Commerce Auditorium Washington, D.C., January 27-28, 2003 Draft! Comments and suggestions welcome, but please do not quote! The impact of information technology on business, economy and society cannot be examined without an analysis of the profound changes in the productive structure of global capitalism. In the electronics industry, a new model of outsourced manufacturing has emerged as the centrepiece of globalized production networks: Contract Manufacturing (CM) or Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS). This form of network-based mass production is closely linked to the disintegration of the value chain and the emergence of the “Wintelist” (Borrus and Zysman 1997) model of competition and the rise of “fabless” product design companies in key sectors of the IT industry. In contrast to the general perception of the “informational economy” (Carnoy et al 1993, Castells 1996) as service- or science-based, the rise of the CM-model demonstrates that manufacturing still matters in the "new economy" (Cohen and Zysman 1987)...
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...development and its interrelationship between firm productivity, societal equity and environment quality. Proactive organizations are accountable for facilitating, demonstrating and promoting corporate social responsibility. Companies have to rethink their strategy from being profit driven to corporate citizenship. There has been immense pressure from government, customer, employees and competitors to think towards environmental management. HR can play a critical role in this regard by acting as a medium to communicate and educate firms about the importance of CSR. At the same time HR can integrate business goals and CSR goals by implementing HR practices. Introduction Since rapid industrialisation, natural resources are getting depleted at a fast pace. There is a need to conserve and judiciously use natural resources so that there is no burden on our future generation. Corporate sustainability was once seen as a philanthropic activity but now it is getting its due importance in leading companies. Companies have gone to the extent of proactive environmental management which encourages corporations to prevent pollution at the source rather than at the end of pipeline (Annexure 01). Cutting edge firms are going beyond pollution prevention and exploring new opportunities for developing eco-friendly products, processes and technology. For many firms, environmental values are becoming core values. For example, 82% of companies noted that good corporate citizenship helps the bottom line and...
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...1.0 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Scope of the Study 1.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Organization of the Study 1.4 Limitations 2.0 Chapter 2 Introduction 2.1 Objectives 2.1.1 Understanding the importance of fashion industry 2.1.1.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Examine the innovations of fashion communication 2.1.2.1 Introduction 2.1.3 Evaluate the scope and challenges with fashion ethical issues 2.1.3.1 Introduction 2.1.4 Study the future prospect of fashion marketing 2.1.4.1 Introduction 3.0 Chapter 3 Introduction 3.1 Case study 4.0 Chapter 4 Conclusion 1.0 Chapter 1 Introduction Fashion is a general term for a trendy style, most commonly related to clothing, jewelry, shoes, accessories, make up, or furniture. Fashion is also something we deal with daily and changes constantly as time progresses. New fashion ideas can be influenced by music, movies, videos, books and other related (items and media connected to popular culture. Due to these changes and relationship with popular culture, fashion is a big business. The fashion industry is involved in the purchasing, selling and manufacturing of clothing. It solely focuses on generational fashion trends and to figure out consumer's liking in different segmentations. (pbs.org) The fashion industry is one of the major contributing sectors in the global economy; it had created various job opportunities for the people. Most noticeably, the industry has designed and manufactured clothing...
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...Electronics Contract Manufacturing: Global Production and the International Division of Labor in the Age of the Internet Boy Lüthje Institute of Social Research Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Senckenberganlage 26 60325 Frankfurt Germany E-mail: luethje@soz.uni-frankfurt.de Submitted for publication to Industry and Innovation – special issue on “Global Production Networks, Information Technology and Local Capabilities”, coordinated by Linsu Kim and Dieter Ernst Comments welcome, please do not quote December 2001 2 The role of information technology for production networks in developing countries cannot be assessed without an analysis of the profound changes in the productive structure of global capitalism. In contrast to the general perception of the “informational economy” (Carnoy e.a. 1993, Castells 1996) as service- or science-based, it has to be stressed that in the "new economy" manufacturing continues to matter (Cohen/Zysman 1987). In the electronics industry, a new model of outsourced manufacturing has emerged as a centerpiece of globalized production networks: Contract Manufacturing (CM) or Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS). This form of network-based mass production closely linked to the emergence of the “Wintelist” (Borrus/Zysman 1997 model of competition and the rise of “fabless” product design companies in key sectors of the information technology (IT) industry. Our analysis of electronics contract manufacturing explores three interrelated...
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...IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA PUBLIC CORPORATIONS Hazel Gachoka Gachunga1 Abstract Globalization has a major impact on the management of human resources in developing countries including Kenya. It has led to homogenization and convergence in organization strategies, structures and processes as well as in consumer choice. With accelerating globalization, organizations have had to change and new trends have set in even in the management of human resources. Globalization has led to changes in organization design and organization structures are leaner thus improving efficiency but having a negative impact on staff numbers which have had to be reduced. This means employees have been retrenched in many sectors like telecommunications, the Kenya Railways and the Kenya public service sectors in order for those organizations to gain competitive advantage. Reward management systems have changed and even the human resource planning strategy is to have a leaner staff in the core areas and to hire part time workers in a bid to reduce costs and to enable the business to run profitably and efficiently. The non-core jobs have been outsourced which has led to an increase in independent contractors to service industries. However, the homogeneity that results from globalization has had a major effect in developing countries because of brain drain. Globalization can therefore be said to have had a phenomenal impact...
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...IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA PUBLIC CORPORATIONS Hazel Gachoka Gachunga1 Abstract Globalization has a major impact on the management of human resources in developing countries including Kenya. It has led to homogenization and convergence in organization strategies, structures and processes as well as in consumer choice. With accelerating globalization, organizations have had to change and new trends have set in even in the management of human resources. Globalization has led to changes in organization design and organization structures are leaner thus improving efficiency but having a negative impact on staff numbers which have had to be reduced. This means employees have been retrenched in many sectors like telecommunications, the Kenya Railways and the Kenya public service sectors in order for those organizations to gain competitive advantage. Reward management systems have changed and even the human resource planning strategy is to have a leaner staff in the core areas and to hire part time workers in a bid to reduce costs and to enable the business to run profitably and efficiently. The non-core jobs have been outsourced which has led to an increase in independent contractors to service industries. However, the homogeneity that results from globalization has had a major effect in developing countries because of brain drain. Globalization can therefore be said to have had a phenomenal impact...
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...economy and society. An important constituent of the NKC’s functions is professional education, particularly in the field of legal education. In light of its significance, the NKC constituted a Working Group on legal education in the country. The members nominated by the Chairperson of the NKC, Mr. Sam Pitroda, to the Working Group are Justice Jagannadha Rao (Chair), Justice Leila Seth, Dr. Madhav Menon, Dr. B.S. Chimni, Dr. Mohan Gopal, Mr. P.P. Rao and Mr. Nishith Desai. The Terms of Reference of the Working Group are as follows: a. Identify constraints, problems and challenges relating to curriculum, teaching, infrastructure, administration and access. b. Recommend changes and reforms to address the problems and challenges relating to curriculum, teaching, infrastructure, administration, and access. c. Explore methods of attracting and retaining talented faculty members. d. Suggest measures to develop a research tradition in faculties of law and law schools. e. Suggest innovative means of raising standards and promoting excellence in legal education situated in the wider social context. f. Suggest ways of incorporating emerging fields of legal education in teaching and curricula. g. Identify problems implicit in regulatory structures that constrain the quality and spread of legal education. h. Examine any other issue that may be relevant in this context. 2. 3. The Working Group met on the following dates: September 24, 2006, October 5, 2006, November 12, 2006, January 15...
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...INSTITUTE OF APPLIED MANAGEMENT SCIENCES Aruna Chandra Hall (Near Post Office), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh-160 014 (India) Telefax: 0172-2701403 Phone: 0172-2534889 Email: uiams@pu.ac.in Website: uiams.puchd.ac.in SYLLABUS OF THE 1ST YEAR TRIMESTER – I CODE MBA-011 MBA-021 MBA-031 MBA-041 MBA-051 MBA-061a MBA-061b PAPER Principles and Practices of Management Quantitative Techniques for Managerial Decision Making. Managerial Economics Human Resource Management Accounting for Management Seminar on Executive Communication Workshop on Information Technology for Management CREDITS 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 TRIMESTER – II CODE MBA-072 MBA-082 MBA-092 MBA-102 MBA-112a MBA-112b PAPER CREDITS Quantitative Methods and Operations Research 4 Economic Environment for Business 4 Production and Operations Management 4 Financial Management 4 Seminar on Negotiation Skills 2 Workshop on Management Information Systems 2 o Introduction to Retail Management (R. Mgt.)* 4 SECTORAL SUBJECT – 1 MARKS 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 o Principles of Banking and Insurance (B & I)* o Introduction to IT and Telecommunications (IT & Tel)* o Introduction to Infrastructure (Infra. Mgt.)* o Industrial Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology (Pharma. Mgt.)* o Hospital Planning and Organization (Hosp. Mgt.)* MBA-122 *R. Mgt= Retail Management; B&I= Banking & Insurance; IT & Tel.= IT & Telecommunication; Infra. Mgt.=Infrastructural Management; Pharma. Mgt.=Pharmaceutical...
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...MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY KOTTAYAM REGULATION 1. COURSE OBJECTIVES The MG University MBA program is designed with the following objectives: 1. To develop young men and women in to professional managers to manage all sectors of the organized economic activity. 2. To equip the youngsters with conceptual and interpersonal skills and social purpose for managerial decision-making and its execution in real situations. 3. To develop and encourage the entrepreneurial capabilities of young generation to make them effective change agents. 4. To meet the demand for trained and professional people in the country at the top level management of business and industrial organizations in the light of the new economic and industrial policy of the country. 2. COURSE DURATION The MBA (Full Time) programme of Mahatma Gandhi University shall be spread in two years duration with 4 Semesters. Each semester shall comprise of a minimum of 16 instructional weeks of 5 days each of 5 hours a day (total contact hours 400). Continuous Internal Evaluation during the course period and University examination at the end of each semester shall be conducted. There shall be a semester break of 15 days each in addition to the usual Onam, Christmas and summer holidays. 3. ELIGIBILTY FOR ADMISSION 1. A pass in any Bachelor’s Degree Examination of Mahatma Gandhi University or an equivalent degree of any other universities duly recognized by M.G.University with not less than 50% marks in the aggregate for all parts of...
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...GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON BANGLADESH ECONOMY A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE Strategy by RAHMAN MD FAIZUR, MAJOR, BANGLADESH M.D.S., National University of Bangladesh, 2004 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2005 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 222024302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 17-06-2005 ...
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...Assessment of British Airways Human Resource Management Strategies In a human body, heart is the most important part form where we can judge whether body working fine or not. In the same way in any organization the most important asset is employees. And to maximize their assets, management should always manage the employees working condition with intelligence and efficiency. If employees of any organization are well managed, the organizations mostly do very well. It is therefore necessary to work on development, building, motivation, enhancement and enrichment of the employees. In general every organization believes that Human Resource (HR) offers them reasonable advantage. These advantages can be Quality work force Quality culture etc. The Strategic Human Resource Management ensures that the employees or human capital of an organization contributes towards its achievements with their performance, knowledge and skills. The Traditional Human Resource is only concerned with the implementation of the policies like: Recruitment, Staffing, Reward, Assessment But when general HRM plug into the organization’s strategy the outcome of HR department more scope to increase the abilities of their workforce and focus on the vision and mission. This connection is made to improve the organization performance and develop organizational culture which in turn facilitates innovation and flexibility. Overall the key principle of Strategic HRM is to achieve organization’s...
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...Seventh Edition INTERNATIONALEDITION INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT MANAGINGACROSSBORDERS AND CULTURES TEXTANDCASES Helen Deresky Professor Emerita, State University of New York-Plattsburgh Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo PART OUTLINE Chapter 1 Assessing the Environment—Political, Economic, Legal, Technological Chapter 2 Managing Interdependence: Social Responsibility and Ethics Assessing the Environment Political, Economic, Legal, Technological Outline Opening Profile: Economic Crisis Spreads Through Financial Globalization The Global Business Environment Globalization Globality and Emerging Markets Effects of Institutions on Global Trade Effects of Globalization on Corporations Regional Trading Blocs The European Union (EU) Asia Comparative Management in Focus: China's Economy Keeps on Chugging. The Americas Other Regions in the World The Russian Federation The Middle East Developing Economies The African Union The Globalization of Human Capital The Global Manager's Role The Political and Economic Environment Political Risk Political Risk Assessment Managing Political Risk Managing Terrorism Risk Economic Risk The Legal Environment Contract Law Other Regulatory Issues The Technological Environment Global E-Business Conclusion Summary of Key Points...
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...Balarabe A. Jakada Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. bajakada@yahoo.com Abstract Global strategic alliance and coalition is a diffuse way of effective combination of strengths of companies aiming at entering new markets, exploring new technologies, bypassing government entry restrictions and to learn quickly from the leading firm in the partnership, all in an effort to exploit foreign investment opportunities. Strategic alliances are however, not easy to develop and support. They often fail because of technical errors made by management of member firms. To make it a success, a strong and efficient alliance agreement has to be in place to enable companies to gain in markets that would otherwise be uneconomical. Building alliances requires considerable time and energy from all parties involved with a detailed plan, expectations, limitations and scopes, and the likely benefits drivable from the project. Alliances take a number of forms and go by various labels. Alliances may be contracts, limited partnerships, general partnerships, or corporate joint ventures, or may take less formal forms, such as a referral network. The paper is aimed at exploring and educating prospective and allied businesses or firms the need and significance of across border coalition, and how to go about it. It is a literature based paper and therefore, reviews related literatures from journal articles, texts, seminar papers and some online sources for better...
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...PART-1 1. Concept of globalization: Globalization means the coming together of different societies and economies via cross border flow of ideas, finances, capital, information, technologies, goods and services. The cross border assimilation can be social, economic, cultural, or political. But most of the people fear cultural and social assimilation as they believe this would have a negative impact on the existing culture of their society. Globalization therefore has mostly narrowed down to economic integration and this mainly happens through three channels; flow of finance, trade of goods and services and capital movement. Globalization is a term that includes a wide range of social and economic variations. It encompasses topics like the cultural changes, economics, finance trends, and global market expansion. There are positive and negative effects of globalization - it all comes as a package. Globalization helps in creating new markets and wealth, at the same time it is responsible for extensive suffering, disorder, and unrest. The great financial crisis that just happened is the biggest example of how negative globalization can turn. It clearly reveals the dangers of an unstable, deregulated, global economy. At the same time, this gave rise to important global initiatives, striving towards betterment. Globalization is a factor responsible for both repression and the social boom. What happens when there is a growing integration of economies across the globe? Majorly...
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...Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology Assignment on “Outsourcing of Telecommunication Networking” Course No : MBA-631 Course Title : Marketing Management. Course Teacher : Mr. S.K. Forid Submitted By: Md. HosnyMohashin 11.02.52.008 Introduction It has been argued for several years now that the phenomenon of ‘global production sharing’ through global value chains (GVCs), around which a substantial literature exists, has helped developing countries expand export-oriented manufacturing activity. GVCs represent the significant unit of organization of international production, wherein ‘lead firms’, largely multinational corporations (MNCs), coordinate production across international borders through extensive networks of suppliers spread across large numbers of countries. This has resulted in a significant change in the structure of international trade, leading to a domination of what has been referred to as the ‘trade in tasks’, that is, trade is no longer characteristically undertaken in goods, but rather in particular production segments (cut make-trim (CMT) versus the design brand market) of a production chain. The ‘trade in tasks’, empirically measured in terms of trade in intermediate goods, reflect this phenomenon, and the gains accruing to low- and middle-income countries in trade involvement are clearly seen here, with their share constituting more than 35 percent of...
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