...of RL * Opening of File * Getting Clarification of Specs * Seeking approval for calling Quotations * Preparation of Bid documents * Selection of suppliers * Inviting Bids * Bid Opening * Bid Evaluation by TEC * PSO recs * Seeking Financial Approval * Entering to contract * Award of Tender Government Policy on procurement * The process be * efficient, effective, speedy, fully transparent * Honesty and integrity in all public procurement * Obtain financially the most advantage and quality item Need best services and supplies for the country * Public Accountability Regulatory frame work governing public procurements * Financial Regulations * Government Procurement Guidelines and Manual * Duly adopted manual of procedure of Public corporations & Government Owned Companies * Provincial Financial Regulations * Rules governing Municipal Councils, Pradeshia sabahs & Urban Councils * Government Procurement Guidelines supersede all other rules, regulations & procedures until such time they are amended Importance of Public Procurement * Procurement of vital inputs for Public Sector Investments which are fundamental for National Development * Such inputs are grouped under works, goods and services * Works covers bridges, Buildings, Harbor, Highways etc * Goods covers equipment and machineries, material and supplies, commodities etc...
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...the survey was to capture the public’s knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions about local governance and decentralisation. This survey took place between February 6 and February 15, 2011. Among some of the observations of the survey were that decentralisation is not reflected as a priority in most instances. It is also not reflected in the current council plans of action. In fact, the research was informed that councils had been waiting for instructions, directives and resources to begin undertaking activities that have been stated in documents such as the Decentralisation Implementation Plan (DIP). According to SACCORD, beyond the structural issue, the survey was able to establish considerable levels of uncertainty among local bureaucratic and political elites on the issue of decentralisation. This was evident in the degree of divergence of perspectives on the subject matter concerning decentralisation among the local leadership elite signifying lack of cohesion on this matter. There are several reasons that could be advanced in relation to this observation. SACCORD programme officer (Accountability and Good Governance Programme), Michelo Mwango said that the most possible three factors include poor communication among the elites, political differences as well as sheer...
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...Codes Of Practice For Social Care Workers Web and print-friendly version Introduction This document contains agreed codes of practice for social care workers and employers of social care workers describing the standards of conduct and practice within which they should work. This introduction, which is also reproduced in the Code of Practice for Employers of Social Care Workers, is intended to help you understand what the codes are for and what they will mean to you as a social care worker, employer, service user or member of the public. The General Social Care Council began its work on 1 October 2001, at the same time as the Northern Ireland Social Care Council, the Scottish Social Services Council, and the Care Council for Wales. The councils have a duty to develop codes of practice and have worked together in developing these codes as part of their contribution to raising standards in social care services. The two codes for workers and employers are presented together because they are complementary and mirror the oint responsibilities of employers and workers in ensuring high standards. 2 What are the codes? The Code of Practice for Social Care Workers is a list of statements that describe the standards of professional conduct and practice required of social care workers as they go about their daily work. This is the first time that standards have been set in this way at national level, although many employers have similar standards in...
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...servant but a dangerous master.” The Council of Scholars in the novel Anthem lives to believe technology is dangerous. Anthem is by Ayn Rand, Equality 7-2521 is a different in his collectivist society. He overcomes and creates a new invention that no one has ever thought about before. He breaks away from the society and forms his own based on a new line of technology. Technology was looked down upon in the society because it was not used in a good way in the war before the times of the Great Rebirth. In Anthem technology is viewed poorly and as a destruction to society. In the book, “But we must never speak of the times before the Great Rebirth, else we are sentenced to three years in the Palace of Corrective Detention”(Rand 19). This shows the society will not not talk about the times before the Great Rebirth at all. It is important because it shows the war times must have scared the government greatly. This makes the government unwilling to changes and new ideas that relate to those times. Also, “ But terror struck the men of the Council. They lept to their feet, they ran from the table, and they stood pressed against the wall, huddled together, seeking the warmth of one another’s bodies to give them courage” (Rand 70). This now shows how the Council reacted to Equality’s invention due to their experiences. This is important because the fear of technology advancement frightens them very much due to the war. Technology frightens the Council because of the fearful times before...
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...Singapore left the union for good. Lee resigned as prime minister in 1990, and his son became prime minister in 2004. Lee died on March 23, 2015. Lee Kuan Yew was born into a wealthy Chinese family that had resided in Singapore since the 19th century. After World War II, Lee studied law at Fitzwilliam College, in Cambridge, UK. In 1950, he was admitted to the English bar, but instead of practicing law there, Lee returned to Singapore to do so. At the time, Singapore was a British colony and held Britain's main naval base in the Far East. The country was ruled by a governor and a legislative council, mostly comprising wealthy Chinese businessmen who were appointed rather than elected by the people. In the early 1950s, Singapore buzzed with talk of constitutional reform and independence, and Lee banded with other like minds to challenge the governing structure of the country. Soon breaking from this group and taking a more radical stance, in 1954 Lee became secretary-general of his own party, the People's Action Party. In 1955, a new Singapore constitution was introduced. It increased the number of elected seats on the council to 25 out of a total of 32, thereby allowing only 7 seats to be filled by appointment. In the elections that followed, the party founded by Lee's former colleagues, the labor front, won 13 seats, while Lee's PAP won merely 3. But with his party represented on the council, in 1956 Lee headed to London as part of the delegation seeking...
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...Leadership A good leader is only as good as the qualities he possess, the advisors he surrounds himself with, and if he carries out his role properly. It is a leader’s role to benefit the people he is ruling; by making society a peaceful, organized, and flourishing place to lead a productive life. A good leader will consult and seek advice from his advisors, whose job it is to council the leader in matters concerning his leadership. During the Renaissance, in the fifteenth century, there were many scholars and royal advisors that depicted what a leader should be like and how a leader actually was during the Renaissance. There were many leaders that failed to carry out their roles properly by ignoring the advice of their advisors and by neglecting their role as leaders to fulfill their own selfish needs, as will be discussed through Thomas More’s book Utopia. A great leader is one who rules to benefit his people and puts aside any selfish intentions. He does not seek to increase his wealth and power at the expense of his people. This however, was not the case in the time of Thomas More during the fifteenth century. Thomas More served as the chancellor to the King of England, he was also a civic humanist and wrote the book Utopia. In his book Utopia his character Raphael Hythlodaeus, a great scholar, described how the kings were not good rulers and that he would not serve on the court of such kings as it says, “Most kings are more interested in the science of war…than in useful...
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...What was going on in the church before the reformation era took place: Many things were happening behind peoples back one being abuses of indulgence. Some priest and bishops were giving indulgences to people for a price of money. Some brothers and sister claimed that they were authorised by the pope to forgive all sins. They took the money from people who believed in them and respected them, they promised them they would go the heaven and have happiness in their lives. An indulgence is the extra-sacramental remission of the temporal punishment due, in God's justice, to sin that has been forgiven, which remission is granted by the Church in the exercise of the power of the keys, through the application of the superabundant merits of Christ and of the saints, and for some just and reasonable motive. The practice ended up becoming a concoction of evil and corruption; it was almost like they were buying their way into heaven. The years leading up to the reformation were indulgences very popular Martin Luther’s ideas of the church and what he taught: When martin Luther found out that pope Leo x and the archbishop of Mainz were selling indulgences for the construction of St Peters basilica in Rome he objected. He was against fooling people that they could buy their way out of sins without any faith what so ever. These people would believe that they were going to Heaven when in fact they would go to Hell. How could they be repentant when self-loathing and self-disgust was needed...
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...What were the main causes, elements, and impact of the different approaches to colonies followed by the English, French, and Spanish? By Columbus’s discovery, Spain got a religious justification fro conquest and an army of seasoned soldiers, named conquistadores. Also, rulers in Spain developed efficient techniques for controlling new colonies. The conquistadores left a trail of destruction by attacking native villages and killed or captured the inhabitant since they preferred seeking gold and slaves to creating permanent settlements. In 1519, some Spanish soldiers landed on the coast of Mexico. Three years later, these Spanish soldier conquered Aztec empire. The three factors of Spanish victory were technological advantages, division within the Aztec empire, and disease. Later, some other Spanish soldiers conquered a richer empire, Inca empire. By 1550, Spain’s New World empire, which stretched from the Caribbean through Mexico to Peru, was administered from Spain by the Council of the Indies. The council enacted laws for the empire and supervised an elaborate bureaucracy to maintain political control and extract wealth from the land and its people. Then, two expedition went to north America to find gold and silver but they did not find any gold and silver. So Spain stopped to extend its empire and just maintained two precarious footholds in north of Mexico. By a large number of gold and silver flowing into Spain, it became the richest and most powerful state in Europe. However...
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...Australia is obliged under international law to ensure that laws and policies concerning asylum seekers adhere to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment [Law Council of Australia, n.d.]. Sexual and child abuse more than fits this category of inhuman and degrading treatment. The Border Force Act limits judiciary ability to uphold this agreement. It also disregards the principles of non-refoulement that state: one must “recognise, protect and promote the individual rights of those seeking asylum as protected under the human rights Conventions to which Australia is a party” [Law Council of Australia, n.d.]. Laws must also "recognise, protect and promote the rights of all children seeking protection in Australia... The best interests of the child be a primary consideration” [Law Council of Australia, n.d.]. Rule of Law standards and principles relating to detention as recognized by The Law Council of Australia specify that policy and practice in the detention of asylum seekers be accountable, transparent, and subject to independent monitoring. Yet that is the opposite of what this legislation has done. It hides information on the grounds of national security. But what at detention centers would adversely affect that? Finally, article 10.1 of the ICCPR states that conditions...
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...back on its right to refuse services because it has not entered a contractual obligation with the customer. This is true even when stores promise ‘special offers’ or price-matching programs. In a book contract law, second edition by Mindy Chen-Wishart state that no offer is made when a party communicates his proposed terms unless he also communicates his commitment to be bound on the other’s acceptance of the terms. A communication may only be a request for a supply of information, not an offer. For example, in Harvey v Facey (1893), H sent a telegram to F asking ‘will you sell us Bumper Hall Pen? Telegraph lowest cash price.’ F replied ‘Lowest price for Bumper Hall Pen, $900’ and H purported to accept this ‘offer’. The Privacy Council found no binding contract because F merely supplied information in response to H’s request but no evinced no clear intention to be bound by H’s acceptance. The book also state that a party’s words or conduct may not amount to an offer because it is only an invitation to treat, that is, an expression of willingness to embark on...
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...Executive Summary The Enhanced Science and Technology Institute (ESTI) supports research faculty and staff at **State University, University of Any State, Any State Health Sciences University and Any City State University in its management of new discoveries. This support includes the management of new discoveries having commercial applications, as well as the management of corporate research agreements leading to new discovery. Keys to Success * Building a strong support base with the private sector within State and the Northwest. * Creating an effective network between researchers to facilitate cross-disciplinary contact. * Raising the viability of ESTI as the one-stop resource for all transferable technology that is being developed on the campuses of State's four largest universities. Mission The mission of the ESTI is to bring technologies from **State University, University of AnyState, AnyState Health Sciences University and AnyCity State University into public use; thereby providing economic development assistance to state and federal agencies and companies to benefit State constituents, providing service to the technology transfer staff of each institution by assisting in identifying, protecting, developing and transferring technology to the private sector and generating income. ESTI's unique perspective is in its ability to link researchers from various institutions to create new technologies that can then be marketed to the private sector. Historically...
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...climate’ At its inception in 1957, the European Union was known as the European Economic Community. It was created by the Treaty of Rome by six countries known as the Core Six – Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany, Italy and France. It’s main mission being creating a common – tariff free market in favour of easier and more profitable trade. The European Union consists of The Council of Ministers, European Parliament, European Commission and The European Court of Justice. Britain joined the EU in 1973, however it was never fully committed to the European project. The EU now consists of 28 member states, however that is due to increase with the potential of more countries joining amongst which are Turkey and Ukraine. European Government: How the European government does affect UK business? The EU has a big impact on business in the UK. Thanks to the EU Britain is able to trade their goods and services such as cars and banking with other countries in the EU without tariffs. This enables swifter and more profitable trade. As well as that, the EU helps the UK trade their goods and services outside the EU because it is the second largest trade bloc in the world, competing with the USA and China. The EU has supranational policy making power on trade for all member state, including the UK. This means that whatever the EU decides on trade, the UK has to follow. Additionally, the EU imposes working conditions and minimum wage on their member states. However, the EU...
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...PBA (Police Benevolent Association) was afraid this they would have to experience this situation. Yes there were many problems with the relationship between management and the unions. The unions successfully negotiated with the public waste area at that time and are currently renegotiating a new contract with the PBA (Police Benevolent Association). The city is prepared to bargain hard with the union regarding a new contract. The public sector was threatened with privatization and outsourcing and hiring new employees because this has been done many times before (Klingner, Nalbandian, & Liorens, 2010). The relationship differs because the public service was negotiated for pay and benefits, the PBA is renegotiating the city council is seeking to lower the budget to make cuts. The PBA has been threatened with the hiring of other companies, such as security companies and retired police officers and correctional officers, hiring civilians to perform the office work while putting the sworn officers on the streets to protect the public. Proposing early...
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...PBA (Police Benevolent Association) was afraid this they would have to experience this situation. Yes there were many problems with the relationship between management and the unions. The unions successfully negotiated with the public waste area at that time and are currently renegotiating a new contract with the PBA (Police Benevolent Association). The city is prepared to bargain hard with the union regarding a new contract. The public sector was threatened with privatization and outsourcing and hiring new employees because this has been done many times before (Klingner, Nalbandian, & Liorens, 2010). The relationship differs because the public service was negotiated for pay and benefits, the PBA is renegotiating the city council is seeking to lower the budget to make cuts. The PBA has been threatened with the...
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...Background information Jeff Skoll is a philanthropist and social entrepreneur.Jeff Skoll was the first employee of the online auction Web site eBay.Skoll was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada into a Jewish family,his mother a teacher and his father a chemical company owner who sold industrial chemicals.His dad came home one day with news that he had been diagnosed with cancer of the kidney..He vowed that he would never face the same dilemma, the realization that he had put his career ahead of his personal goals.He was inspired by Gandi and vowed to make the work a better place.At an early age he became a rich business man and began to devote his time to philanthropy, or donating large sums of his personal wealth to worthy charitable causes.He intended to become an author writing motivational books and books on tackling the world's problems.He graduated with a BASc with honors in 1987 from the University of Toronto's electrical engineering program. Leadership style Working to bring life to his vision of a sustainable world of peace and prosperity.Jeff Skoll is so committed to using his talent and resources to improve the lives of others.He has a desire to make a difference in the long-term issues facing humanity. He's demonstrates passion and trans formative thinking.Jeff has devoted his time and money in environment,education, economic development,health,and humanitarian efforts. Accomplishments He's trying to put a stop in child soldiers,land mines and nuclear weapons...
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