...1. Jim Crowe laws were never really well-known in the northern parts of the U.S, like Detroit, Michigan or Chicago, Illinois in the early 1920s. These laws were to stop segregation in the southern states of the U.S. Even though segregation is not enforced in these northern residential areas, there was always a division between the whites and the blacks. During WWI, the blacks started coming to the neighborhoods of Paradise Valley in Detroit, just passed 8 mile; regardless of the segregation laws or not. Doctor Ossian Sweet was an African American man who was motivated to change the ways in Detroit. He studied at a college in Ohio and then attended Howard University where he received a medical degree specializing in gynecology. He then moved to Detroit because of the different job opportunities. Dr. Sweet did not realize what he was getting himself into while purchasing a home in a white American neighborhood. White Americans did not want African Americans living in the same residential areas. If so, the whites would leave or start violence in the area. Dr. Sweet and his family moved into a house on September 8th, 1925. He knew there would be some sort of violence as soon as they arrived at their little house on the corner of Charlevoix and Garland and knew that little protection from the police of Detroit was all that they would receive. By the 2nd night...
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...Arc of Justice- Residential Segregation The Arc of Justice depicts the struggles, injustices, and hatred experienced by ethnic minorities in the United States during early part of the 20th century. Throughout the book, author Kevin Boyle shows to us the violence and oppression endured by blacks as they strived towards success and racial equality. A key struggle for many African American families trying to improve their lifestyle and social status in northern American cities, was finding a place to live and raise their families. Those who dared to move from the cities’ black quarters into white neighborhoods faced fierce opposition from white supremacist groups and residents alike. An analysis of the Arc of Justice shows us that social, cultural, and economic forces challenged the African Americans’ fight against residential segregation. In his introduction to the book, Boyle paints the situation that black Americans faced in the 1910’s and early 1920’s. Looking to escape the prejudices, oppression, and low working wages of the south, many individuals looked to the North as a gateway to financial stability and independence. With the emergence of the steel and automobile industries, thousands upon thousands of black men and women were drawn into the northern cities of Chicago, Detroit, and New York by the opportunities to earn higher wages and provide for themselves. There they faced the reality of what their life would be like. Blacks were often restricted to living in overcrowded...
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...Arc of Justice- Residential Segregation The Arc of Justice depicts the struggles, injustices, and hatred experienced by ethnic minorities in the United States during early part of the 20th century. Throughout the book, author Kevin Boyle shows to us the violence and oppression endured by blacks as they strived towards success and racial equality. A key struggle for many African American families trying to improve their lifestyle and social status in northern American cities, was finding a place to live and raise their families. Those who dared to move from the cities’ black quarters into white neighborhoods faced fierce opposition from white supremacist groups and residents alike. An analysis of the Arc of Justice shows us that social, cultural, and economic forces challenged the African Americans’ fight against residential segregation. In his introduction to the book, Boyle paints the situation that black Americans faced in the 1910’s and early 1920’s. Looking to escape the prejudices, oppression, and low working wages of the south, many individuals looked to the North as a gateway to financial stability and independence. With the emergence of the steel and automobile industries, thousands upon thousands of black men and women were drawn into the northern cities of Chicago, Detroit, and New York by the opportunities to earn higher wages and provide for themselves. There they faced the reality of what their life would be like. Blacks were often restricted to living in overcrowded...
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...Does Racism Really Exist (name) University of Phoenix Abstract In this paper, I will analyze what forms of racism that I have experienced within my life. Whether going to school, work, family events, or community events I seem to see racism where ever I go. At some point I needed to ask myself, “why are people racist and what makes us this way”? When I have noticed racist comments and actions from my community leaders as well as from my own family this causes me to get depressed about what’s to come in this country. Are we born racist or is it the people around us that influences the way we think about racism? Does Racism Really Exist I am a Caucasian male and grew up in the City of Woodhaven, MI. Within this small city there is a population of roughly 40,000 people and of that count, there are only about 2,000 that would be considered a minority. As you can imagine, most of the people that lived there looked like me and had much the same religion and moral standings. As I grew up, I attended three different schools and the first of which was Yake Elementary School. There must have only been a select few minority children attending that school as I had never remembered encountering children different from myself until I went to Brownstown Middle School. There, I noticed a small group of African American children that were in the same grade as me along with some Asian America and Hispanic American children...
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...Alabama * Died: October 24, 2005 in Detroit, Michigan * Best known for: Montgomery Bus Boycott Biography: Where did Rosa Parks grow up? Rosa grew up in the southern United States in Alabama. Her full name was Rosa Louise McCauley and she was born in Tuskegee, Alabama on February 4, 1913 to Leona and James McCauley. Her mother was a teacher and her father a carpenter. She had a younger brother named Sylvester. Her parents separated while she was still young and she, with her mother and brother, went to live on her grandparent's farm in the nearby town of Pine Level. Rosa went to the local school for African-American children where her mother was a teacher. Going to School Rosa's mother wanted her to get a high school education, but this wasn't easy for an African-American girl living in Alabama in the 1920s. After finishing up elementary school at Pine Level she attended the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls. Then she attended the Alabama State Teacher's College in order to try and get her high school diploma. Unfortunately, Rosa's education was cut short when her mother became very ill. Rosa left school to care for her mother. A few years later Rosa met Raymond Parks. Raymond was a successful barber who worked in Montgomery. They married a year later in 1932. Rosa worked part time jobs and went back to school, finally earning her high school diploma. Something she was very proud of. Segregation During this time, the city of Montgomery...
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...Sometimes ordinary people make a huge difference in our community. One ordinary person who changed everything was Rosa Parks. Rosa Parks stood up for African Americans at a time when people were afraid to fight for their own basic rights. Through her actions, Rosa Parks changed the segregation rules between black and white people. People were not brave to fight for their rights, but Rosa Parks became one of the first African American ladies who fight for the black community and their equal rights to end segregation. Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. Her full name is Rosa Louic McCauley. Her parents were Leona and James McCauley. She had a brother named Sylvester. Her father left to find work when she was 2 years old and she didn't see him again for many years. Park's mother took her two children to live with her parents on a small farm in Pine Level, Alabama. Rosa Park's grandparents were slaves. Rosa parks hobby was she liked to sew (Rosa Parks Civil Right Pioner 6). During her early life, Rosa Parks started school when she was 6 years old. In 1919, white children and African American children went to different schools. White children rode the buses, but African American children had to walk. The white children who rode the bus would throw trash at African American children who had to walk. In 1924, Rosa Parks attended class at the Montgomery Industrial School. Years later, Rosa Parks left school to take care for her...
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...Ethnic Groups and Discrimination The ethnic group that I identify most with is African American. African Americans immigrated to the United Sates. Immigration, according to our course material is defined as “Coming into a new country as a permanent resident”. Unlike many other ethnic groups, African Americans were not given a choice to come to the United States. They were brought over as slaves by way of Dutch ships carrying 20 slaves from the Caribbean, to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. The enslavement of Africans actually began in the early 1500s, with slaves arriving on Caribbean shores in the hands of Portuguese and Spanish slave traders. (Ciment, 2001) The 20 slaves were quickly sold off to local tobacco farmers, although it is unclear whether their states remarried as slaves or if they were indentured servants. The process of slavery of the African Americans actually began at the trading posts on the west coast of Africa. African Kings and merchants cooperated and traded slaves for European goods, this was known as the first stage of the triangular trade. The long trip across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World, was called the middle passage of the triangular trade. The last stage occurred after the slaves were brought to America, and were sold into slavery in exchange for goods, i.e. cotton, tobacco and sugar. By the 1700s, the population of enslaved Africans had ballooned to about 20,000(ibid). They were shipped to the United States until, 1807, when the U.S banned...
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...Rosa Parks Rosa Parks has been a tremendous influence to people across the nation and even at a global level. She took a stand against segregation and racism merely by refraining from the laws of segregation on the public transportation system. Rosa Parks encouraged many African Americans to join the Civil Rights Movement through her demonstration of peaceful protest. A commemorative stamp would truly honor how much she has contributed to desegregation and equality of all people. She deserves this tribute due to her integrity, strong will, and her drive to make her dream a reality. Beginning in 1955, Rosa Parks was made significant contributions to the Civil Rights Movement continually until her death in 2005. Her actions and outward defiance...
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...Honors Study Guide 1.) Analyze the political climate, issues, and stakeholders in the Cobo/Edwards mayoral election campaign of 1949. Relate this election to the specific outcomes in the city of Detroit over the next decade and detail what you see as the lasting effects today. Edwards backed by auto union, supposed to win because he was black and pro public housing. Cobo won the election, even though he was white and for private housing. Edwards took side with the Brewster housing projects, declaring that he backed public housing policy and that he had the back of the black people. Cobo took 60% of the votes. Black Bottom appeared, where there was a terrible segregation of white middle class and poor blacks. Pg 163 Martelle 2.) By the 1980s (if not earlier), one could argue that Detroit as a city had collapsed economically and socially and those problems remained until its current bankruptcy. What are the 3 biggest events/people/ideas/problems that contributed to Detroit’s collapse? Suburbanization, or creation of suburbia; people moving out of the city and into surrounding areas. 3.) Contrast the European, or Old World, relationship a person had with the “city” with the American one, specifically with respect to the choices regarding its functionality —that is, of “beauty” or “profit.” Next, what does your analysis suggest about what Americans prioritize, as evidenced in our typologies. City Profitable - Functionality = Rybczynski. City turned from a place to live...
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...educators in Detroit were keenly aware of the ways that they could express their resistance to dominant racial ideologies. For the protections of themselves and their students they had to be wise on how they went about deconstructing racism in the educational sector. Once they were excluded from white teaching associations it allowed them to congregate and create a safe space for themselves to educate and encourage one another or the teaching profession. Nevertheless, they were cognizant that their words were being monitored. Thus, they had to be creative on how to divulge ways to challenge racial constructs....
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...child and later on enrolled in an all girls school. When she was in her first year of highschool, she had to drop out in order to take care of her grandmother who was very ill. Soon after she rejoined, her mother had gotten sick and she had to drop out again. Rosa grew up at a time where segregation was enforced in almost every aspect of life. For example, only whites were allowed to take the bus as a form of transportation to school, so Rosa and many others were forced to walk. Additionally, “She narrated how she remembered...
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...was taking place. Other events, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 can be traced to the Cold War that took place in the 1950’s. In the early 1950’s the United States was very segregated and African Americans did not enjoy many of the same rights that whites did. As the decade went along, segregation became a hotly debated topic, particularly segregation in schools. Since the Supreme Court case Plessy v Ferguson in 1896, the nation had operated under the doctrine of “separate but equal” (Potter 3/31). Then in 1954, a new Supreme Court case called Brown v Board of Education, was ruled on regarding segregation in schools. The opinion of the court was delivered by Chief Justice Earl Warren who said, “We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate education facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and other similarly situated . . . are . . . deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment” (Brown Decision, 1954). When the Brown v Board of Education decision was announced, it looked like it would be a major victory in the fight to end segregation. Unfortunately for Civil Rights leaders, southern states were not happy about the decision. They were so unhappy about it in fact that, “In 1956, 19 Senators and 77 members of the House of Representatives signed the ‘Southern Manifesto,’ a resolution condemning the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown...
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...Martinez’s class! A few days ago I was invited to attend your class to share with you my research on the inequality and indecencies of race and segregation in public school in America. I feel that our public school systems are taking measures the wrong way and we need to fix that as soon as possible. As I mentioned before I am here today to speak with all of you about segregation of race in public schools. There are a few statistics that I feel I should share with you before we fully get started. In Los Angeles, a school by the name of Dr. King holds thousands of students and 99 percent of them are black and Hispanic. Another school in Milwaukee with the same name has a percent of 99 as well. In Philadelphia a high school named Dr. King has 98 percent and one in Boston (with the same name) also has 98 percent black and Hispanic. Most of these school I mentioned are found in “Ghetto” neighborhoods and their average graduation rate is 37 percent. Finally, there is one last school named after Dr. King that I would like to mention. This school is found in the middle of an upper-class white neighborhood of bustling New York City. It was built to bring whites and blacks together anticipating for desegregation. Sadly, this didn’t work out as hoped. It’s now home to mainly blacks and...
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...10/13/06 American History Essence Harden 5/2/00 African-American Civil Rights “Struggle is a never ending process. Freedom is never really won. You earn it and win it in every generation.” –Coretta Scott King, page666 The 1960’s were a time of great turmoil in America and throughout the world. One of the main topics that arouse was black civil rights. In my essay I plan to compare the difference of opinion between these particular writers and directors, towards racism and the civil rights movement in the 1960’s The movement truly got underway with civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King jr. and Malcolm X in the early 1960’s. Students who wanted to bolt on the equality and protest bandwagon quickly followed. Most of the students went to the Southern states (Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, etc.), to stop the racism and hate crimes. The truth of the matter is that the violence and abhorrence would get worse before it got better. The Klan became stronger and more violent, committing many more lynching and gruesome murders. Bit by bit most of the Caucasian Americans came around to the idea of integration, and did not believe that the African Americans as a ‘threat’ anymore. The only reason that this great monumental change occurred was because of the great leadership of Malcolm X, Martin Luther King jr., and not to mention the thousands of other less famous civil rights leaders, that worked to change the views of their community. There also where lobbyist and protesters...
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...Q1, 4-6 1. Term and people. A. Philip Randolph A.Philip Randolph and the significance with American in the home front is that he was an African-American labor leader, helped achieve equal rights in 1941. He declared that African American citizens would no longer be accepted as second-class citizens and demanded equality in the workforce during the 1940s. He even threatens President Roosevelt that, if the president doesn’t do anything about segregation he will hold a large peace protest. Executive order 8802 Executive order 8802 and the significance with American in the home front is that it was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941 to end racial discrimination in the national defense industry. It was the first federal law to promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment discrimination in the United States. This was intended to help African Americans and other minorities obtain jobs in the home front industry during World War II. Bracero Program Bracero Program and the significance with American in the home front is that it was a campaign that brought laborers to from Mexico to work on the West Coast to work on American farms, so they can harvest food to help Americans and the war effort. Internment Internment and the significance with American in the home front is that it was a temporally confinement of people, commonly in large groups without trial. This was a safety net for the Americans from saboteurs, espionage act or spies...
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