...MNO exam by Roibin The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Buy and sell all your summaries, notes, theses, essays, papers, cases, manuals, researches, and many more.. www.stuvia.com Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Management and Organization Chapter 9 – Managerial Decision-Making Managers are often referred to as decision-makers, and every organization grows, prospers, or fails as a result of decisions by its managers. Many manager decisions are strategic, such as whether to build a new factory, move into a new line of business or sell of a division. Yet managers also make decisions about every other aspect of an organization, including structure, control systems, responses to the environment and human resources. Decision A choice made from available alternatives Decision-making The process of identifying problems and opportunities and then resolving them. Programmed decision A decision made in response to a situation that has occurred often enough to enable decision rules to be developed and applied in the future. For example the decision to reorder office supplies when inventories drop low. Non-programmed decision A decision made in response to a situation that is unique, is poorly defined and largely unstructured, and has important consequences for the organization. For example the decision to build a new factory or move headquarters to another location. Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study...
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...Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 Financial Globalization and Risk Skill: Recognition 3) Ownership, control, and governance changes radically across the world. The publicly traded company is not the dominant global business organization—the privately held or family-owned business is the prevalent structure—and their goals and measures of performance differ dramatically. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 1.1 Financial Globalization and Risk Skill: Recognition 1.2 The Global Financial Marketplace Multiple Choice 1) A well-established, large U.S.-based MNE will probably NOT be able to overcome which of the following obstacles to maximizing firm value? A) an open market place B) high quality strategic management C) access to capital D) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: 1.2 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 2) A well-established, large China-based MNE will probably be most adversely affected by which of the following elements of firm value? A) an open marketplace B) high-quality strategic management C) access to capital D) access...
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...What does the term of “Invisible Hand“ stand for? What are the real consequences and premises of “Invisible Hand”? Introduction In Adam Smith’s conception, it is the ‘invisible hand’ of the free market that organizes the seemingly chaotic and self-interested activities of human beings into a beneficent and industrious social order. The conception tries to describe “Self – regulating nature of market” based on natural inclination of human-being. Unplanned, unintended actions coined with natural inclination of self-interest channels ambitions towards meeting social necessities. The main motto of the argument was that the market freely will lead to perfect equality. Actually, perfect competitive market fundamentalism was bulwarked with “Invisible hand”. It is very arguable and ambiguous that why Adam Smith called this sort of regulation “invisible hand”. Cognitively, it is tangible but in terms of understanding of special mechanism is very incomprehensible and too invisible to put forward as a market regulatory factor. Self-interest as a part of human nature took a role of supervisor and established “self-regulatory nature of marketplace”. Diving into deep comprehension of the term of invisible hand, we can see that the term implies decentralization of the wealth among inhabitants. We can face with the term of “invisible hand” in his previous work called “The Theory of Moral Sentiments” which envisages the natural propensity of human-being: “They are led by an invisible hand...
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...people who serve those whom they lead rather than control them. The posture of a servant leader is to put the needs and interests of others above themselves. Servant leaders invest in others to help them grow and become empowered, which assist and motivate the team to reach their full potential in every area of their life. In today’s global marketplace, the concept of servant leadership seems to have been discarded and replaced with self-leadership; leadership which puts their needs and desires before those of the people. Serving others has to be a passion, not an act for recognition or accolades. Leaders possess characteristics such as stewardship, foresight, empathy and humility. These characteristics allow the leader to understand and attend to those they are serving, develop visions and plans to move forward, while not taking ownership of its success, but acknowledging it as a team effort. These qualities give a person authority over power. The concept of servant leadership in the global marketplace has an existence; however its existence seems to not be as prevalent today as past years. Most leaders in our global society today are not interested in creating an environment for growth and advancement of the individual, but for wealth and success for themselves. By not engaging others in the vision it cannot fully mature to reach every area of the marketplace such as home, community and church. The best way to gauge the effectiveness of servant leadership is to monitor whether...
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...Multiple Choice and True/ False Questions 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace 1) Which of the following firms are NOT considered to be multinational enterprises (MNEs) even if they have operations in more than one country? A) for-profit companies B) not-for-profit organizations C) non-government organizations (NGOs) D) all of the above may be considered MNEs Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 2) "BRIC" is a term coined in 2001 to refer to a group of countries at about the same stage of advanced economic development. The BRIC countries are ________. A) Belgium, Romania, Italy, and Canada B) Brazil, Russia, India, and China C) Britain, Romania, Israel, and Colombia D) Brazil, Russia, Italy, and Chile Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 3) According to the authors, which of the following groups or securities are at the "heart" to the global capital markets? A) debt securities issued by governments B) bank loans and corporate bons C) equity securities D) derivative securities Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 4) ________ are the largest markets in the world. A) United States equity markets B) European debt markets C) Global currency markets D) Chinese export markets Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 5) Domestic currencies of one country on...
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...Multiple Choice and True/ False Questions 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace 1) Which of the following firms are NOT considered to be multinational enterprises (MNEs) even if they have operations in more than one country? A) for-profit companies B) not-for-profit organizations C) non-government organizations (NGOs) D) all of the above may be considered MNEs Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 2) "BRIC" is a term coined in 2001 to refer to a group of countries at about the same stage of advanced economic development. The BRIC countries are ________. A) Belgium, Romania, Italy, and Canada B) Brazil, Russia, India, and China C) Britain, Romania, Israel, and Colombia D) Brazil, Russia, Italy, and Chile Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 3) According to the authors, which of the following groups or securities are at the "heart" to the global capital markets? A) debt securities issued by governments B) bank loans and corporate bons C) equity securities D) derivative securities Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 4) ________ are the largest markets in the world. A) United States equity markets B) European debt markets C) Global currency markets D) Chinese export markets Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 The Global Financial Marketplace Skill: Recognition 5) Domestic currencies of one country on deposit...
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...today's economic liberals have much in common with people who are usually referred to as ''conservatives'' in the United States and many other countries. ROOTS OF THE ECONOMIC LIBERAL The liberal perspective today reveals many insights about political economy that mercantilists miss or do not address. Although liberals believe that people are fundamentally self-interested, they do not see this as a disadvantage because broad areas of society are set up in such a way that competing interests can engage one another. Today's economic liberalism is rooted in reactions to important trends and events in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Fratxois Quesnay (1694-1774) led a group of French philosophers called the Physiocrats or Qs economist's. Quesnay condemned government interference in the market, holding that, with few exceptions, it brought harm to society. PERSPECTIVE For the laissez-faire world of individual initiative, private ownership, and limited government interfere fears and loathing, however, are directed toward very different sorts of states. For Smith, the individual freedom of the marketplace represented the best alternative to potentially abusive state power when it came to the allocation of resources or organizing economic activity. Recently Havel lived under an...
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...MARKETING: CREATING AND CAPTURING CUSTOMER VALUE Marketing – the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for consumers, clients, partners, and society at large Understanding the Marketplace and Customer Needs Customer Needs, Wants, and Demands – – – needs: states of self-deprivation physical needs for food, clothing, warmth, and safety social needs for belonging and affection individual needs for knowledge and self-expression wants: form of human needs take as shaped by culture and individual personality demands: human wants that are backed by buying power Market Offerings—Products, Services, and Experiences – – market offerings: some combination of products, services, information, or experiences offered to a market to satisfy a need or want include products and services includes other entities, such as people, places, organizations, information, and ideas marketing myopia: mistake of paying more attention to the specific products a company offers than to the benefits and experiences produced by these products failure by management to properly define their business in terms of customers’ needs and wants the tendency of management to view its business too narrowly by focusing...
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...Brazil to be presented at the economic summit at the end of the year. As I located information on Brazil, I decided to concentrate on one specific economic condition that has affected not only Brazil but the global economy- “Unemployment”. Brazil is characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sectors. The economy is higher than all the other South American countries and its presence in the world markets has started to expand. Despite the economic growth that it is now experiencing, Brazil continues to experience difficulties with unemployment. Over the last few years, Brazil has been considered one of the best markets, for business; however at the start of 2012, their position in the marketplace has been declining (brazilbusiness.com.2012) Unemployment Rate in Brazil In May 2012, the unemployment rate in Brazil was reported to be at 5.8 %. From 2001 to 2012, the unemployment rate average 9.3 % and reached an all time high of 13.1 % in August of 2003 and a record low of 4.7 % in December 2011. The unemployment rate reported for youths ages 15 – 24 is 17.8% of which 13.9% is the male population and 23.1% is the female population. (indexmundi.com, 2012). It has become increasingly difficult for Brazil to recruit and keep highly skilled, trained and motivated workers. Because of the difficulties this country is experiencing with unemployment and lack of skilled...
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...gives the choice to a nation, to choose two among three factors which are known as independent monetary policy, free capital flows, exchange rate stability. The impossible trinity:- The impossible trinity is a set of three desirable factors which a country wants to achieve but as a matter of fact only two factors are possible to achieve. Its economical diagram is as the following:- Theoretical derivation:- The official representation fundamental the theory is the uncovered Interest Rate Parity condition which condition that in nonattendance of a risk premium, arbitrage will make sure that the reduction or approval of a country's money, another will be equivalent to the nominal interest rate degree of difference between them. Since under a dowel, the swap rate cannot alter, short of depression or desertion of the dowel, this means that the two countries' supposed notice rates have to be steady. This in revolve implies that the peg state has no aptitude to set its supposed interest rate, and hence no self-governing financial policy. The only way then that the state...
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...one currently in three California markets. This week’s team paper will introduce the product to the international market in the United Kingdom (UK) that include channel and pricing strategies and justify the selection of the market selected. Why the United Kingdom? The entire worth of the chocolate marketplace in Great Britain and the United Kingdom (UK) is presumed to be more than five billion dollars in 2010, as stated by a 2011 article in Marketing Week magazine titled “Appetite for Indulgence Will Sweeten Bitter Pill” (www.marketing.co.uk). Following that, data on the UK chocolate marketplace gets complex, specifically with owners and manufacturers. For instance, the UK natural chocolate marketplace is believed to be the biggest in Europe. Green and Black’s organic chocolate company maintains that they are the Britain’s top organic maker of chocolate. It was created in 1991 and acquired by Cadbury in 2005. Cadbury has been making chocolate since 1824, and was acquired by Kraft foods in the early part of 2010. Nestle, based in Switzerland, and Mars, a private United States company, also lead Great Britain’s massive chocolate marketplace. Other chocolate manufacturers’ products are also accessible in Britain, including Hershey, a US brand, and Nutella brand hazelnut-flavored spread. There is good news regarding concerns for the quality of chocolate. There is a wide variety from which Britons can choose. The UK is clearly a country filled...
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...Individualism is the current of thinking that values the freedom and worth of the individual. The source from Adam Smith, states that individualism benefits humankind. The perspective of the source accepts and favours individualism but rejects collectivism because it calls for individualism as being a way for individuals to promote their self interests and to achieve an efficient economy. That a nation of individuals should not seek to make every one responsible for each other; but that individuals are only responsible for themselves. Supporters of individualism, like Adam Smith, see economic freedom as leading to the most efficient and beneficial economy for the greatest number of people, because it encourages competition and they assume that people generally act in their own self- interest. We must embrace the source to a great extent and view individualism as an ideology that benefits the whole economy. Individualism emphasizes independence and individual achievement. It promotes self-expression, individual thinking and personal choice. It is also associated with private property and individual ownership. And it stresses competition as a means of achieving collective goals. In the late 1700s, physiocrats began to question the mercantile system and believed that the economy could exist without government controls or interventions. The perspective of Adam Smith in the source clearly favours a free market system. Adam Smith wrote “The Wealth of Nations” where he proposed and...
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...Alex Bernier Morality in Business Exam #1 October 4, 2011 2. In the article, “Calculating Consequences,” the authors discuss utilitarianism and the major problems with utilitarian calculations. What is utilitarianism and what are the major problems? In the article, "Calculating Consequences," the authors discuss the major problems with utilitarian calculations. Utilitarianism is an approach to ethics first developed by Jeremy Bentham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This approach to ethics uses a straightforward manner where the decision that is made should be the one that has been deemed to have the best outcome after looking at all courses of action. Basically, utilitarianism focuses on, “The greatest good for the greatest number” (Calculating Consequences par. 5). According to the authors, there are three major problems with utilitarianism. First, utilitarian calculation “requires that we assign values to the benefits and harms resulting from our actions and compare them with the benefits and harms that might result from other actions” (Calculating Consequences par. 8). The problem lies in the fact that it may be extremely difficult or seemingly impossible to assign these benefits and harms on the outcome of our actions. The authors for example state, “How do we go about assigning a value to life or to art” (Calculating Consequences par. 8). For something that is so important to all people such as life how can there possibly be a value...
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...The theory of brand involvement determines the relevance of the brand to consumer individual needs, values and interests. Later Zaichkowsky & Sood, 1989, stated that brand involvement refers to the customer’s personal degree of psychological affective and emotional ties on brand category or specific brand. The power of these ties or the level of involvement also determines the depth, complexity and extensiveness of cognitive and behavioral processes during the consumer decision making to the brand (Laurent & Kapferer, 1985). The organization has to placed brand involvement in their strategic effort, because it’s abstract and difficulties to understand brand consumer decision-making process in their mind, brand advertising, brand commitment, and path of brand consumption on daily basis ( Park & Young,...
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...effect on the global marketplace. Servant Leaders are defined as people who serve those whom they lead rather than control them. The posture of a servant leader is to put the needs and interests of others above themselves. Servant leaders invest in others to help them grow and become empowered, which assist and motivate the team to reach their full potential in every area of their life. In today’s global marketplace, the concept of servant leadership seems to have been discarded and replaced with self-leadership; leadership which puts their needs and desires before those of the people. Serving others has to be a passion, not an act for recognition or accolades. Leaders possess characteristics such as stewardship, foresight, empathy and humility. These characteristics allow the leader to understand and attend to those they are serving, develop visions and plans to move forward, while not taking ownership of its success, but acknowledging it as a team effort. These qualities give a person authority over power. The concept of servant leadership in the global marketplace has an existence; however its existence seems to not be as prevalent today as past years. Most leaders in our global society today are not interested in creating an environment for growth and advancement of the individual, but for wealth and success for themselves. By not engaging others in the vision it cannot fully mature to reach every area of the marketplace such as home, community...
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