...ENGL 1001 – 22 Catherine Joseph September 25, 2012 Annotated Bibliography Abortion: Parental Consent Abortion is defined as the removal of a fetus or embryo from the uterus or a termination of pregnancy. The abortion debate is full of controversy as two opposing groups (pro-life/pro-choice) argue about the legal and ethical issues surrounding the debate. Sarah Glazer, author of the article “Roe v. Wade at 25,” discusses the 1973 Supreme Court cases that legalized abortion, which thus sparked unprecedented social change and the unsettling debate of abortion. One major aspect regarding this issue is parental consent; it is still undetermined [on both a state and federal level] whether parents should be involved in a minor’s decision to terminate a pregnancy. The following sources provide both pro-life and pro-choice perspectives over whether parental consent should be required or not. Many of the sources supported the idea of parental consent through a pro-life perspective. In Charles S. Clark’s article titled, “Teenagers and Abortion,” he expresses the idea of how parents have the right to be involved in any medical decisions regarding their child and suggests that teens may be too immature to make a grave, life-changing decision on their own. Hyman Rodman, author of “Should Parental Involvement be Required for Minors Abortions,” expresses the idea of how parental consent can benefit teens as they are able to make a better decision about their pregnancy with the input of...
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...Abortion is a highly debated topic. However, there are many aspects to this practice. Pro-Choice versus Pro-Life is one of the most debated topics, and the parental consent laws placed upon this practice sparks a controversy. Minors, under the age of eighteen, are required to notify a parent or legal guardian of their decision forty-eight hours prior. This is interesting because abortion is legal and a minor is not allowed to proceed without the consent of a parent or going through a judge. One side argues freedom of choice and that the approval of a parent should not be required. The other argues that a minor does not fully understand their choices and needs the guidance of their parents. Pro-life supporters feel abortion takes away the right of the unborn child, and therefore is considered murder. However, abortion is a...
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...released (Thompson). Birth control should be available to girls 15 and older, should be free and with it being free it would lessen unplanned...
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...like to inform you about birth control and hope to persuade you that teenage girls should legally be able to receive birth control without parental consent. After writing about and researching this issue, I have gained the appropriate knowledge to inform others on my position. This has been a controversial topic for decades, spread all around the world.Unstable parental relationships, ensuring feelings of confidence and safety in girls, and lowering the rate of abortions are among the reasons I believe that girls should have access to birth control without parental consent, because it would be safe for girls to prevent pregnancy while empowering young girls to be more responsible and educated. First, it is important to know information...
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...political and legal uproar on issue of abortion. Under due process clause of the 14th Amendment, which declares that “no State shall deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law”. This due process of law has not been completely understood though court has spent years of defining redefining each component of due process clause. Women’s decision to have abortion before viability of fetus and to obtain it without interference from State .Interest of State to protect prenatal life and create hurdles for Women’s right to choose the procedure though few exceptions were considered where life of women and fetus after viability was in danger. This was challenged that states involvement in whole pregnancy process was not right and therefore court ordered involvement of state limited to trimester of pregnancy. This was argued too and later courts rejected trimester involvement and supported the fact that women has right to terminate abortion till fetus is viable The exact definition of viability became big controversy and this prompted a debate in entire nation and is still going on even today whether abortion should be legalized, who should decide the legality of the abortions, how much should be the state involved, what are the moral and ethical views regarding this issue. This controversy divided nation into pro-choice and pro-life debate. Many states openly resisted the Roe v. wade and passed new law that prohibited abortions. Pennsylvania created procedural...
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...PARENTAL CONSENT LAWS AND ABORTION RATES AMONG MINORS PARENTAL CONSENT LAWS AND ABORTION RATES AMONG MINORS 13 Do Parental Consent Laws Reduce Abortion Rates among Minors? Dedra Burnett Louisiana Tech University HIM-541 Dr. Kennedy ? Background One of the biggest controversies in the country is parental consent regarding an abortion with a minor. Parental involvement and government laws are extremely important for the safety, welfare, and health of minors. Many minor girls become pregnant at an early age and think about having an abortion; the minor is making the choice on whether or not to go through with a pregnancy. Many states have parental consent or parental notification requirements before a minor can receive an abortion....
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...Abortion Debates HCM-331 Mount Olive College May 15, 2010 Abortion Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in the United States today that has the ability to provoke debate in the legal, political, medical, ethical, and religious arenas. The passion and emotion behind the debate has polarized the Nation and propelled groups on either side of the issue to bring their stance into the spotlight. Some have worked outside the legal system with a sense of vigilante justice, and others have worked within the legal system to bring about change. As health care administrators, we must be knowledgeable of the issues that are fueling the debate and the current laws regarding those issues. Before discussing the laws regarding abortion, definitions vital to the understanding of the laws are necessary. These include fetus, gestation, trimester, quickening, and viability. Medically, a fetus is the unborn entity after the eighth week of development when brain activity becomes detectable, but legally, this term is used in the discussion of abortion as the unborn entity throughout the entire gestation. Gestation being the period of time the fetus develops in the mother’s uterus, which is usually 40 weeks. The forty weeks are sub-divided into trimesters. The first trimester ends after the 12th week, the second ends around the 26th week, and the third trimester ends with birth. Quickening takes place sometime between the thirteenth and twentieth weeks and does the...
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...Abortions Abortions are one of the many things that everyone has an opinion on. As defined by the 2012 Merriam-Webster dictionary, an Encyclopedia Britannica Company, an abortion is, “the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus as a spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation--miscarriage, the induced expulsion of a human fetus, or the expulsion of a fetus by a domestic animal often due to infection at any time before completion of pregnancy.” Abortions have always been and will probably always be a controversial topic in which everyone will not agree upon. In the midst of the controversy, two groups have emerged. These groups are referred to as pro-life and pro-choice. According to Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context, pro-life supporters claim that life begins at conception, therefore, abortion at any stage in the pregnancy is murder. They believe that life is valuable and the life of the unborn baby has the same rights as the mother. Pro-choice supporters, on the other hand, claim that it is the woman’s right to choose what she does with her body. These pro-abortionists claim that anti-abortionists are truly against the rights of women and free choice rather than the termination of the fetus. Pro-life and pro-choice advocates differ in many of their opinions, specifically, concerning when life begins, affects abortions have on...
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...Sabrina VanDerwarker Elisabeth Rutledge English 1302_71 25 November 2014 Researched Argument Audience Analysis: Abortion 1. Who is your audience? What is the name of the person or group for whom you are writing this argument? Why have you chosen this person or group as your target audience? Why will your argument have exigence for your audience? My audience would be to pregnant women. I have chosen my audience to be pregnant women because women who get pregnant are often asked if they know all their options. 2. How open is your audience to your argument? Is it undecided or hostile? Keep in mind that the more hostile your audience is, the more time you will need to spend establishing common ground between you and your audience. My audience would have to be more towards hostile because abortion is a sensitive subject to some people. 3. How will you organize your argument to accommodate your audience’s level of openness to your position? Will your argument have a classical structure? Will it have a Rogerian structure? Will you be presenting your reasons and evidence before directly stating your thesis? Why, based on your knowledge of your audience, will your argument have the organization you will be using? I will give both of the sides of the argument and keep an open mind when presenting both sides. My argument will have a Rogerian structure and my thesis will come after all the evidence is presented. 4. What are your audience's priorities and goals? What...
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...Anisa James PHI-105 May 8, 2016 Professor Benjamin Perlin The Right to Abort Abortion is a decision that is not to be taken lightly. The amount of thought that is required by the involved female is insurmountable. No matter the reasoning, it is the decision of the female to make. Any potential offspring that has been conceived may be aborted for various reasons. Complicating medical factors and birth defects, unwanted sexual encounters, and career and non-career wise family planning are all justifiable reasons to support one’s decision to decide to abort the fetus that grows in her body. In the realm of modern medicine, it is quite easy for OB/GYNs and other doctors to determine the health of the child after it has left the womb. In these cases, the opinion of a professional can result in the female having the option to choose abortion to reduce the chances of the child being born with a birth defect, or in some cases, to save the life of the female carrying the baby. According to Richie (2013), anencephaly is a neural tube defect that does not allow for the proper development of the brain. Typically, these babies only have a brain stem, which allows the heart to beat but does not allow for the ability to thrive outside the womb, which doctors have determined to be a major birth defect. If the fetus makes it to term, many of these infants do not live longer than a few hours or days and due to the nature and severity of this birth defect, many physicians will not...
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...the Government should have no say. Federal laws are what the Government says the entire country should follow. State laws however can differ from that and depending on which state you live in can factor into what you can and cannot do. Federal laws on abortion (1)On April 18th 2007 The U.S. Supreme Court held a vote on a nationwide ban on abortions. The law was passed and is still enforced to this day. This gave politicians...
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...Policies in Relation to Abortion Before and After the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Case New Mexico State University Jennifer Walker Abstract The Roe versus Wade Supreme Court Case has had a huge impact on abortion laws in the United States. Before 1973, abortions were illegal and criminal, with few exceptions. Overnight, the decision in the case legalized first trimester abortions while leaving the specifications of the other trimesters up to the states. This case has led to many debates over the value of life and when life begins whether at conception, independence from mother, or first breath. All of these can be defined by religion, law, or individual beliefs. Unfortunately, none of the policies before or after Roe versus Wade have addressed the issue of unintended pregnancies, which is the underlying cause of abortion. Until this is addressed, policies will continue to be created, implemented, and challenged. Policies in Relation to Abortion Before and After the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Case Introduction In 1973, a case was selected to be heard by the Supreme Court that would substantially impact women’s rights then and continue to impact them today. The case was over Texas policy article 1911 that stated, “If any person shall designedly administer to a pregnant woman or knowingly procure to be administered with her consent… and thereby procure an abortion, he shall be confined in the penitentiary not less than two nor more than five years…” (Law Library, 2014)...
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...financing of the pregnancy, the right to abort the fetus while being a minor, and the option to give the child up for adoption. These problems are unique to this population because many adults do not encounter these issues. Minors usually need the consent of at least one parent or other authorized adult to receive medical treatment but minors in certain situations can consent to some types of reproductive health and pregnancy related treatment on their own behalf. If a minor is getting treatment with the help of insurance, then the parent of the minor is involved and is aware of the services received. If the minor is concerned about involving his or her parents, other resources for payment are sought. Clinics such as Planned Parenthood provide assistance in family planning, abortion, and pregnancy services. The Adolescent Family Life Program is a free program available in California. All pregnant and parenting teens are eligible regardless of income. In addition, case management is provided to minor parents to help them access services which include medical services, child care, nutritional, housing, parenting education, and employment services. Pregnant and parenting minors may be eligible for other programs such as Minor Consent Medi-Cal which is available for all minors under 21 regardless of their or their parent’s income. Lastly, 19 31 (b) Medi-Cal is another program of assistance which is available that consists of free full-scope health-care coverage. LAcounty.gov is...
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...Pro-Abortion There are many women in the world that decide to have abortions for their own personal reasons or reasons that may affect the unborn child’s life. We live in a society of unwanted pregnancies and where people are either Pro-life (against abortion) or Pro-choice (for abortion). I consider myself Pro-choice and believe that abortion should not be controlled by the government. Pro-choice groups believe that woman should be free to follow their own ethical beliefs concerning the termination or the continuation of a pregnancy (Wikipedia). Many recognize that their different beliefs about abortion access and that the state should not attempt to enforce a common belief system on all pregnant women who decide to terminate their pregnancies. The legalization of Abortion started in 1973 with the Roe vs. Wade case. This made abortion legal in all 50 states. Abortion is safe because we know the risks involved in an abortion are very low relative to other surgical procedures, and the risk of death from an abortion is one-tenth that of childbirth (Abortion Access). There are many different reasons that people fight for and against Abortions. You have those whom think that terminating a pregnancy is murder and the parent and doctor are committing the crimes. The situations where woman should have the right to abortion are where they have been raped, their health or life is at risk, contraception was used but...
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...Global Report on Birth Defects, every year an estimated 8 million children – 6% of total births worldwide – are born with a serious handicap. Of these 8 million children, at least 3.3 million children younger than 5 years of age die annually because of their handicap condition (CITE). Those children who do end up surviving will most likely be mentally and/or physically disabled for the rest of their life. With at least two handicapped newborns being born everyday, the healthcare industry is constantly faced with decisions regarding what the correct ethical treatment options should be for handicapped newborns. Whether or not treatment regimens should even be administered to handicapped newborns has caused a great deal of controversy in our society, and has ultimately come down to two different options: Should there be a law that makes it illegal to withhold treatment from handicapped newborns? Or should the decision of treatment be up to the parents and/or physicians? Since the number of handicapped newborns being born into the United States is only going to increase, this is definitely an ethical topic that needs to be addressed by both the public and lawmakers. Withholding treatment from handicapped newborns has been an ongoing issue since 1973, when the first phase of this ethical controversy occurred. Dr. Raymond Duff and Dr. Ian Campbell, physicians in the newborn intensive care unit at Yale-New Haven Hospital, decided to let the public in on a little secret of theirs...
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