...most people are asked what they think of South Africa compared to the United States, the most common response that is given is that South Africa is a desert like the remaining continent of Africa is; this is as far from the truth as possible. Would you have ever thought that two countries could be so similar yet so different at the same time? South Africa is as up in the technology world as the United States is; if not further along to some degree. It is known to have the largest research association of great white sharks off of any coast. Although the United States and South Africa have several similarities, they are also quite different because the United States has a lower violence and poverty rate than South Africa. One similarity between the Unites States and South Africa is that they are a huge melting pot of ethnicity and race, that had to fight for what they believed was right between the higher percentages of races. Both countries races consist of whites, blacks, Asians, and Indians. But there is a huge difference in the race percentages’, according to "Race and Ethnicity in the United States" (n.d.), the majority of the more than 300 million people currently living in the United States consists of White Americans, who trace their ancestry to the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. In South Africa, black's makeup 79.0% of the total population ("Ethnic Groups in South Africa", n.d.). The percentage of all white households that are made up of individuals...
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.... Based on the ordinal data, there are minor similarities and differences between racial/ethnic groups in terms of offense-ranking. Both white and African American women share similarities in their fear for rape, murder, being threatened with a knife, club, or gun. Although, both women share these small similarities the ranks for the other less violent crimes are also considerably different. The rank for having your car stolen is twelve for African American women and six for white women. Additionally, being beaten by a stranger was ranked twelve for white women but for African American women it was five. Both white and African American women ranked violent crimes on the same level, but for crimes that were considered less violent African American...
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...A Crime Gone Unreported There are a large number of unreported rapes in the United States. “63% of completed rapes, 65% of attempted rapes, and 74% of completed and attempted sexual assaults against females were not reported to the police” between 1992 and 2000 (Rennison, 2002). The fear of retaliation, the fear of embarrassment, and the thought that telling anyone would not help are the most prevalent reasons why victims do not reach out. Rape is the act of sexual intercourse with another individual without their consent, with force or the threat of some kind of harm. Rape, which is also known as sexual assault in some jurisdictions, is underreported and under prosecuted. According to RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network) which uses statistics from the U.S. Department of Justice’s National Crime Victimization Survey, ”every 2 minutes someone in the United States is sexually assaulted and each year there are about 213,000 victims of sexual assault” ("How often does," 2009). As previously stated, 63% of completed rapes against females were not reported to the police. The reasons differ for every man or woman that has been faced with this situation, but what I see to be the most reoccurring reasons are personal reasons and those that include embarrassment, the fear of retaliation, and the thought that if they did report the crime they would have to endure the courts and police procedures. In other countries, a women who is raped can be exiled out of their family...
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...Justice for Rape Survivors, an “At Risk Population” and Ways of Advocating for Them Emily R. Cazier North Idaho College Social Work 240 Kateri Ray Abstract This paper defines the “at risk population” of rape survivors in the United States. Sources for this paper were found through peer-reviewed academic papers and articles, websites for organizations that advocate for victims of sexual assault and rape, and legislative bills from the state of Idaho. This paper also seeks to define the social justice issues, legal and political issues, and advocation for these victims on the micro, mezzo, and macro levels of society. Keywords: rape, rape victims, and advocating Social Justice for Rape Survivors, an “At Risk Population” and Ways of Advocating for Them Definition of the “at risk population”: The definition of rape and survivors of rape varies around the world and especially differs from state to state within the United States of America. In the advocacy community, victims of sexual assault are generally referred to as survivors because they have survived a horrible event. (Cazier, 2013) For the purpose of this paper and in keeping with that belief, I will also refer to these individuals as survivors. According to RAINN (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network) the general definition of rape in the United States is, “forced sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal, or oral penetration. Penetration may be by a body part or object.” In order for the term rape is apply...
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...shares is a perpetrator and a victim. Rape is a big problem in the United States. Each year thousands of women and men are raped, 17.7 million women have been raped at one point in their lives and 2.8 million men. Rape is considered the most unreported crime in the United States. In the 1970’s is when major awareness started to take shape for victims of rape, such as rape crises centers, medical protocols, and laws to protect rape victims. Criminal status concerning rape differs from state-to-state, but the Federal code is nationwide. There are two different ways that rape is reported; one is through private research organizations and the second is through the U.S. Department of Justice. The NIJ conducts a survey each year to measure reported crime and unreported crime, along with the private research groups. Even then, both organizations have certain guidelines in how they obtain their statistics. With certain guidelines in place, the statistics are good, but not a 100% accurate on exactly how many men, women, and children are raped. Only small percentages of rapes are reported each year to law enforcement and it is important to continue the study of rape and sexual assault issues in the United States to properly get better control of the problem. Women and girls seem to be higher risks targets for rape then men and boys. There is little research that exists on male victims of rape. According to the Bureau of Justice, “women between the ages of sixteen and twenty four...
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...Effects of Bullying Introduction Having been recognized as an expected yet serious problem in the society, bullying is no longer considered as new problem in the society. Bullying can come in various forms and it can happen to both children and adults. There is a high likelihood that most adults and children each have stories to share which relates to each of their personal experiences either of bullying, or victimization, or witnessing acts of aggression toward others. As perennial as it can get, becoming a victim of bullies has often received the notion of being viewed as a normal part of growing up, or as some have put it, a rite of passage for children and adolescents. In the late 1970s, perspectives began to change as this outlook was looked into by the different researches. It sheds new light on the damaging effects on youths’ growth and development with respect to bullying and victimization. An increase in the awareness of bullying and victimization as well as how it resulted to be a widespread societal problem has been the initial outcome of the innovative research which has encouraged other research on this phenomenon. The beginnings of research on this social issue have been primarily conducted in Sweden and other Scandinavian countries for a number of years. As the research has been shared with other experts the world over, it resulted to the spawning of the exploration on this topic and has reached other countries, including Japan, England, Netherlands,...
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...Program is the crime statistics of more than 16,000 law enforcement agencies (Schmallager, 2011). Congress created this program in 1930 and designated the FBI to implement the program (Schmallager, 2011). The programs primary objective is to generate a reliable set of criminal statistics for use in law enforcement administration, operation, and management; however, its data have over the years become on of the country’s leading social indicators (national atlas, 2003). Citizens use these reports to see fluctuations in crime levels and law enforcement uses it for planning and crime prevention programs. Eight Part I offenses are included in the UCR Reports, also known as the Crime Index. The violent crimes are murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravates assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Clearance rates are also included in the report. Clearance rates are crimes that have been solved, judged primarily on arrest of the offender. Murder has been the highest clearance so far (national atlas, 2003). The FBI initiates a new crime collection agency in 1988 (Schmallager, 2011). The National...
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...Efharis Kostala February 14, 2016 Judgment Of Io and Callisto CLA2323 ASSIGNMENT !1 Judgment of Io and Callisto The uncompassionate nature of the mighty Olympian Gods leads to the hardships of two maidens; Io and Callisto as described in Ovid’s Metamorphosis. The struggles of both maidens; one a mortal and the other a divine nymph are fairly similar but have subtle differences. Bothwere victims of a sexual violence committed by Jupiter; were punished by his jealous wife Juno; were changed into animals by the Gods. The terrible treatment by the Gods and the uncompassionate attitude of the divine towards them is a theme shared in the two stories. Helpless, Io and Callisto suffered as the Gods determined their fates. Both Io and Callisto endure a violent sexual assault by Jupiter. In Ovid’s Metamorphoses Io, was a priestess of Juno. Her beauty was so radiant that it caught the attention of Jupiter. Unable to resist the feeling of lust, Jupiter attempts to seduce her. When Io rejects Jupiter’s advances he shrouds the entire world within a dark cloud and rapes her “She was already in flight. She had left behind Lerna’s pastures, and the Lyrician plain is wooded fields, when the God hid the wide earth in a covering of fog, caught the fleeing girl, and raped her”. Callisto, a nymph and a devout follower of the virgin Goddess Diana was one day laying down in the grass. Noticing that she was alone Jupiter took on the form of Diana and approached the huntress and kissed ...
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...One of the women was raped and the other two were assaulted, but escaped before they were raped. Based on the descriptions and the similarities of the attacks, Los Angeles police concluded that the same person committed all three attacks—the victims all were attacked at about 6 a.m. by a man with a knife as they walked to a bus stop. The police soon focused on 29-year-old Luis Vargas because he had a single teardrop tattoo under his left eye. All three victims identified Vargas in photo lineups, although with less than 100 percent certainty. Vargas was arrested on 07/21/1998. He was charged with rape, sodomy and kidnapping Teresa R. and assault with intent to rape Edith G. and Karen P. In June 1999, Vargas went to trial in Los Angeles County Superior Court. By that time, three other sexual assaults had occurred in similar fashion in the same geographic area, but the police failed to disclose those crimes to the defense. On 06/15/1999, the jury convicted Vargas of all counts. The judge then sentenced Vargas to 55 years in...
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...responsible for everything discussed in lecture unless I note otherwise. You are responsible for the material in the text unless I specifically state below that the material will not be covered on the exam. Carefully review the take home points in each chapter. Keep in mind that most gender differences are small and that there is a great deal of overlap between women and men. Thus, when I ask about differences, it is in the context of many similarities and small mean differences. Chapter 7: Communication The text provides 3 reasons why children prefer to play with others of the same sex. Be familiar with them. How do girls tend to play with each other in same sex groups? How do boys tend to play with each other in same sex groups? How do girls tend to talk to each other in same sex groups? How do boys tend to talk to each other in same sex groups? What -- if anything -- is different in children’s cross sex play and talk compared to same sex play and talk? Are girls more likely than boys to engage in relational aggression? What do meta-analysis findings suggest? What gender similarities and differences have been found in how adults interact? What factors determine what types of differences are found? You are not responsible for the section discussing online communication (p. 229). The text provides a long list of differences in how men and women in the US typically use language in natural conversations. Be familiar with them. What factors...
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...Links between Tess of the d’Urbervilles and A Thousand Splendid Suns Catherine Ralph * The abuse of an older man Rasheed and Alec they both force themselves upon Mariam and Tess when they’re only 15/16 years old. * Consequences of the above both Tess and Mariam are pregnant and both of their babies die (Tess’s from illness just after he’s born and Mariam has a miscarriage) * Both novels have a contrast of the ‘good’ and ‘evil’ characters Tess: Alec and Angel – ATSS: Rasheed and Alec. Laila marries Rasheed (evil) and also marries Tariq (good). Tess is Alec’s mistress (evil) and marries Angel (good). * The death of the ‘main’ character Tess kills Alec and then gets hanged Mariam kills Rasheed then gets executed. * The ‘good’ love interest fleeing to another country Tariq flees to Afghanistan and Angel flees to Brazil. * A major death in the family Tess’s father and Mariam’s mother. * Conflict Tess: between classes in the same county – ATSS: same ethnic group of people * Class society Tess: Angel (upper class) and Tess (lower class) – ATSS: Jalil (upper class) and Mariam/Nana (lower class). * ‘Men’s society’ Tess: Angel with the prostitute in London – ATSS: Rasheed had several wives Similarities/comparisons with A Thousand Splendid Suns and Tess of the d’Urbervilles * Women in society * strong male characters * the loss of a baby * the loss of a parent * rape * young female characters...
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...| The Correctional Client | | CRMJ 220-01MWF 10:00-10:50am | | | Alicia Marie | 2/27/2013 | | Abstract In this research paper I will talk about chapter 6. In chapter 6 of my correction process book it talks about the Criminal Client. In this research paper you will understand how the criminal justice system operates as a large selection process to determine who ends up in the corrections system. You will also describe some of the main similarities among and differences between the general population and people who end up under correctional authority. I will identify different types of offenders in the corrections system and the kinds of problems they pose for corrections. I will describe the classification process for people under correctional authority and know why it is important. And lastly you will understand the important problems and limitations in classifying people under correctional authority. The conclusion of the research paper will note how all of these things compare to reality today. Keywords: situational offender, career criminal, sex offender, drug abuser, alcohol abuser, mentally ill offender, deinstitutionalization, mentally handicapped offender, long term prisoner, and classification systems. Chapter 6 starts off telling me about a man name Michael G. Santos’s. He is a long term offender who was sentence to 45 years in federal prison because of cocaine trafficking when he was 24 years old. While he was incarcerated, he has obtained...
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...Amsterdam, where he worked on mammalian genes as a researcher, and then to the University of Leicester in 1977, where in 1984 he discovered a method of showing variations between people's DNA, formulating and developing genetic fingerprinting. Jeffreys says he had an “eureka moment” in his lab in Leicester after looking at the x-ray film image of a DNA experiment on 10 September 1984, which surprisingly showed similarities and differences...
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...TOPIC 9: CONTROL, PUNISHMENT AND VICTIMS Situational Crime Prevention - Clarke: * Three features of measures aimed at situational crime prevention: 1. Directed at specific crimes 2. involve managing/altering immediate environment of the crime 3. aim at increasing the effort and risks of committing crime and reducing the rewards * Underlying situational crime prevention approaches is a rational choice theory of crime * Most crime is opportunistic so SCP measures reduces the opportunities * Displacement - criticises SCP - does not reduce crime, simply displaces it (several forms) * Spatial - move elsewhere to commit crime * Temporal - committing crime at different time * Target - choose different victim * Tactical - use different method * Functional - commit different type of crime * Evaluation: * SCP works to some extent in reducing some sorts of crime but with most measures there is likely to be some displacement * Assumes criminals make rational calculations - may be committed under the influence of drugs/alcohol? Environmental Crime Prevention * Wilson and Kellings - 'broken windows' stands for all the signs of disorder and lack of concern for other found in some neighbourhoods * Leaving broken windows unrepaired sends out the signal that no-one cares * Without remedial action from formal and informal social control, the situation deteriorates, pushing respectable people to move out and area becomes magnet...
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...showing variations between individuals' DNA, inventing and developing genetic fingerprinting. Jeffreys says he had a "eureka moment" in his lab in Leicester after looking at the X-ray film image of a DNA experiment on 10 September 1984, which unexpectedly showed both similarities and differences between the DNA of different members of his technician's family. Within about half an hour, he continued, he realized the possible scope of DNA fingerprinting, which uses variations in the genetic code to identify individuals. The method has become important in forensic science to assist police detective work, and it has also proved useful in resolving paternity and immigration disputes. The method can also be applied to non-human species, for example in wildlife population genetics studies. Before his methods were commercialized in 1987, his laboratory was the only center in the world that carried out DNA fingerprinting, and was consequently very busy, receiving inquiries from all over the globe. Jeffreys's DNA method was first used in 1985 when he was asked to help in a disputed immigration case to confirm the identity of a British boy whose family was originally from Ghana. The case was resolved when the DNA results proved that the boy was closely related to the other members of the family, and Jeffreys saw the relief in the mother's face when she heard the resulting. Afterwards the police turned to him to use his research on DNA fingerprinting to be used when the rape and murders of two...
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