...Is Capital Punishment the correct sentence for a murderer? I will be discussing in my essay whether Capital Punishment should stay abolished or be reintroduced after 38 years since the punishment was banned. Capital punishment is a form of taking someone's life in order to repay for the crime that they have committed. There are many different methods of doing this, for example a few of them are such things as The Electric Chair, Hanging, Stretching, Stoning. Since 1965 people have been saying that Capital Punishment should be reintroduced. I will be stating most of the reasons these people give in the next few paragraphs. One of these reasons is the fact that prisons are getting overcrowded in England. There are over two thousand convicted persons serving life sentences in our prisons today, therefore if we were to reintroduce Capital Punishment we could resolve these problems by sentencing the people who would at present be sent to prison for life to the death penalty as a punishment for doing wrong. Another common point that is made is that with so many people in our prisons it actually costs us money due to taxing. And as I said before prisons are overcrowded plus every person serving a life sentence costs £400-£1000 each per week depending on the amount of security that they need and this is coming out of money that we work hard for. So without all those criminals we would be living better lives due to the fact that we would...
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...CAPITAL PUNISHMENT BRIAN K. PRATER CRIMINAL JUSTICE MAJOR-APA Professor: Dr. Corey Martin March 7th, 2014 Abstract Capital punishment or as some refer as “the death penalty” is an emotional subject for all Americans and is a sensitive subject especially on the political stage. This research paper will discuss how the death penalty is not murder nor is it cruel. The death penalty is the delivery of justice to a suspect that has committed the most hideous crime of murder. The death penalty is justice being served after the suspect has been found guilty by a jury and has been through countless hearings in an appellate court. Our society has to have a defense in the battle of good versus evil, and a punishment that would cause one to pause before they commit an action that would end the life of another human being. This research paper will show why it is important to fully understand Capital Punishment and why it is important for all levels of Criminal Justice to have a defense against those who would do society harm. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT The death penalty causes a lot of debate throughout the United States. The death penalty delivers a retribution for the victim by ending the defendant’s life. The penalty is a deserved punishment that protects society and causes the defendant to pay the price to the victim for the harm he caused. A killer facing death as retribution is justified in the Holy Bible, “ Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood...
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...death penalty, black point of the American democracy Unfortunately Death penalty still exists and is applied in the U.S.A. According to Amnesty International, 58 countries around the world have maintained the capital punishment. United States included. Who has never heard of this controversial and polemical debate? The death penalty is controversial due to its lack of coherence regarding to basic human rights. First of all, it was shown that the American model has advocated democracy and self- determination in the entire world. Consequently, the presence of death penalty in a democratic and developed country can appear as a strange contradiction. How this singularity can be perceived and explained ? As the sociologist Arnaud Gaillard explains in the newspaper “Le Monde”, several hypotheses are possible. Firstly, the violent environment shown by the legalization of guns or the important criminality would agree that death penalty has been part of the American culture for decades. Another plausible cause proposed by A.Gaillard is the young age of the population influencing the construction of the United States by its excesses. This argument can seem excessive since young people should be in favor of the system’s abolition. The youth are certainly more open-minded than the past generation. It is contradictory to Gaillard’s argument. Then, if we look at the death penalty itself, we...
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...For the capital punishment The death penalty is an issue that has the United States quite divided. While there are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. Currently, there are thirty-three states in which the death penalty is legal and seventeen states that have abolished it (Death Penalty Information Center). I believe the death penalty should be legal throughout the nation. There are many reasons as to why I believe the death penalty should be legalized in all states, including deterrence, retribution, and morality; and because opposing arguments do not hold up, I will refute the ideas that the death penalty is unconstitutional, irrevocable mistakes are made, and that there is a huge gap of race and income level. Putting people to death, judged to have committed certain crimes, is a practice that’s been around for a long time. In the later half of the twentieth century, it has become a controversial issue. Statistics prove consisted application of the death penalty deter crime. No executed murdered has ever killed again. For many years, Criminologists have thought to believe the death penalty has no affect as deterrence to homicides. From 1972-1976, a suspension was place on capital punishment. The United States had 9,140 murders in 1960 where 56 people were executed. Nine years later in 1969 where the United States had zero executions, there were 14,590 murders. After only 2 executions since 1976, murders raised to 23,040. If murderers are sentenced...
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...justification for punishment – deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation or incapacitation? Give reasons for your answer. In this essay the following methods of punishment; deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation and incapacitation will be critically evaluated with example to reference, thus the most appropriate method in collaboration with the justice system for the UK can be selected. There has been much debate with regards to the meaning and purpose let alone the most efficient method of punishment for many years. For the purpose of this essay punishment can be defined as ‘social artefact’ Garland (1990). Punishment such as prison and ASBOs tell us a lot about society such as who has broken the law and who is legit and trustable, nevertheless dose this in reality justify why punishment exists and conducted in a social environment? As stated by Durkheim punishment has a diverse effect on each person certain people react in a positive manner and others in a negative. However he left us to question from all the different strategies at the core of punishment which one actually works in different places or at different times, do societies use different kinds of penal strategy? Why did punishment such as ducking stools and stocks go out of fashion? Why have so many industrial democracies given up on capital punishment? Why has imprisonment become such an important form of punishment” Hudson, J (2003). Capital punishment can be defined as ‘capital punishment has been relatively...
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...Douglas S. Coppin The Effects of Capital Punishments NIC / Executive Leadership June 2013 Evidence-Based Practice in the Criminal Justice System The phrase “because we have always done it that way” universally is no longer acceptable as it pertains to working in many sectors of the work-force, especially within the criminal justice system. Constant financial pressure to streamline budgets, coupled with ever-changing political climates have forced criminal justice organizations to embrace evidence-based concepts and practices. Evidence-based practice is defined as the use of practices that have been scientifically tested and proven effective. In simple terms, doing what works. This has led to drastic changes in various sectors from police operations, probation, sentencing, etc. When examining capital punishment the first question that must be asked is why do we do it? Is it simply a universal response to an atrocious act committed by an offender? If so, then there is no need to look any further. However, thousands of capital offense convictions are handed down annually in the U.S., yet most do not result in death penalty sentences. Therefore the only logical conclusion is that there is much more complexities in play once the state hands down capital punishment. Possible Effects of Capital Punishments at a Glance By and large, capital punishment in the United States is handed down to those offenders that are found guilty of homicide. Although not limited...
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.... NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Learner: | | | |Course Number: |Faculty Mentor: | | | | |Course Title: |Assignment Number: | |Exploring Legal Issues in Higher Education |4 | | | | Learner’s Comment: Student Rights or Student Rights in Academic Dismissal Faculty Use Only Student Rights or Student Rights in Academic Dismissal Student Rights are highly protected with higher education through “Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). The FERPA Law applies to all schools or universities that receive any funds from the Department of Education by federal or state government. The law protects the privacy of students and graduates education and student finance records. Furthermore...
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...defect, their lawyer must prove that they were at the time of the crime. We need to abolish the insanity plea and make the death penalty the law of the land again. An individual accused of a crime can pled guilty that they committed the crime, or argue that they are not responsible for it because of a mental illness. “Not guilty by reason of insanity.” There’s an important distinction between pleading guilty by reason of insanity and diminished capacity. Diminished capacity is pleading to a lesser crime. Pleading insanity is a full defense to a crime, it’s equivalent to pleading “not guilty.” The insanity defense is a compromise on part of society and the law. Society believes that criminals should be punished for the crimes they committed and society believe that people who are ill should receive treatment for their illness. When we talk about the insanity defense, we go to the M'Naghten rule. The M'Naghten rule is the required test that must be given before the jury can decide whether the individual on trial knew that he or she could not tell right from wrong. This is the first famous legal test for insanity. In 1843, Englishman Daniel M’Naghten shot and killed the secretary of the British Prime Minister. M’Naghten believed that the Prime Minister was conspiring against him. The court ruled M'Naghten not guilty “by reason of insanity,” then he was placed in a mental institution. This case caused a public uproar, because of this Queen Victoria...
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...Jails. Jails are used by cities to detain persons who have been accused of committing a crime while awaiting trial when bail has not been granted or cannot be paid. County Jails can detain prisoners for up to 18 months. 2. State Prisons: State Prisons are prisons who maintained by the state and used to house criminals who have been convicted of violating state statutes. State prisons are maintained and managed utilizing funds from the state budget. 3. Federal Prisons: Federal Prisons are used to house criminals who have been convicted of violating federal laws. Federal prisons are maintained by the Federal Government and are maintained and managed using federal employees and federal funds. “Additionally, pursuant to the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997, the BOP is responsible for housing persons convicted of a felony under District of Columbia laws” (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2011, Pg 2). 4. Private Prisons” Private Prisons are slightly different from Local, State, and Federal Prisons because...
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...Research Methods in Criminal Justice The death penalty has been in practice prior to America being discovered. Executing of an offender has been a popular method of punishment in past history for numerous different crimes. Some of the crimes that could result in execution were stealing, treason, rape and murder. Lynching, hanging, burning, firing squad, lethal gas, electrocution and lethal injection are just some methods of execution that have been used to carry out a death sentence. Some of the past executions have been held in the public so everyone could watch. There have been cases brought against the methods of execution therefore violating the Eighth Amendment, of cruel or unusual inflicted punishment. Lethal injection as a method of execution can be viewed as cruel and unusual punishment, violating the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. There has been and always will be debates about the death penalty if it is fair or cruel and unusual punishment. Also, there are always going to be debates and Supreme Court Cases held to see if the methods of execution of the death penalty violate human beings’ rights. One early case, State of Louisiana ex rel. Francis v Resweber (1947) ruled that it was not cruel or unusual punishment to send a man to be electrocuted after he had already been placed in the chair, but had not died due to mechanical fault (Harrison & Melville, 2007). The Supreme Court Justice stated that because the defendant...
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...penal jurisprudence in abolishing the capital punishment. This is to counter the plenary provisions of Article 5 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 and its protocol in 1989 where the State parties believed that abolition of death penalty should be in the scale of enhancement of human dignity and progressive development of human rights and recalling Article 3 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted on 10th December, 1948 as well as Article 21 of our Constitution.1 It can be judicially said “I don’t punish you for killing the man but so that the other cannot be killed.” That is, the chief aim of capital punishment is to make deterrent to others for same crime . Now this concept is having a new direction. The Supreme Court and High Courts in India interpret the cases before giving the death sentence as rarest of rare cases. The Court moves its eye also for other aspects of society. The landmark cases where death sentences were awarded in India are Ranga Billa case2, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi Assassination case, Laxman Nayak case 3 and the lastly, it was awarded to Dhananjoy Chatterjee on 14th August, 2004 in connection with Hetal Parikh case of West Bengal after the Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence awarded by lower courts and President also refused to grant him pardon. In the year 2003, Government laid a bill in the Parliament which proposed to add a provision of the punishment, like death sentence in the Drugs...
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...Factors which are seen as contributing to the increase in poverty in recent years: 1. Many of the groups most vulnerable have grown larger. As people live longer there are more elderly. As more people divorce there are more lone parent families; and there are more unemployed people. All these groups have many individuals who are dependent on welfare. 2. Poverty is also increasing among those who do not depend on welfare, such as families dependent on a low wage earner. The difference in earnings between those in well paid secure jobs and those in low paid often insecure jobs has widened since 1979. 3. The incomes of the poor have not kept up with the majority. Child Poverty Action Group claim that the income of the poorest tenth of the population fell by 6% in real terms between 1979 and 1988/9, while the average income rose by 30%. 4. Benefits have fallen behind both prices and average earnings. Groups as likely to be poor: 1. The unemployed - official statistics estimate 2.9 million at the end of 1992. 2. Low wage earners (below two thirds of median male earnings) - according to the Low Pay Unit 36% of workforce in 1979, but 41% in 1989. 3. Families - people with children tend to be worse off than childless couples. Real value of child benefit has declined. Family Credit only has a 40% take up rate. According to Family Expenditure 1990 the average income of the poorest 25% of the single population was £155 a week, while for the poorest 25% of lone parents it...
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...Structural Inequality Incarceration in the United States is one of the main forms of punishment or as many would like to state forms of rehabilitation. With that being the case, the United States, while being considered one of the most powerful and influential countries in the world boasts the highest “rehabilitation” rate in the world. The staggering part remains that not only do we have the highest prison population but our incarceration rate continues to grow as our creativity or desire to solve this problem continues to stagnate. One of the major issues when researching incarceration rates is the obvious elevated rate of young African-American males that are sentenced. While the percentage of African-American incarcerated males is extremely high the length of their sentences are shockingly elevated compared to the majority of population in the United States. “One in every nine African-American males aged 25-29 were in prison or jail in 2009, compared to one in twenty-seven Latino males and one in sixty white males in the same age group, according to the Sentencing Project”. ("State of Young America," 2009, para. 11) The question currently being dealt with in the United States is how do we accommodate all of these prisoners? Our countries answer has been quite simple, to build more prisons or as some would sugarcoat it, “rehabilitation facilities”. The correct question we should be asking is, why we have so many African-American prisoners, and why do they keep returning...
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...two Pakistani women accused of adultery to claim refugee status in the United Kingdom, since they risked public flogging and death by stoning at home. Women today are denied the vote and the right to drive cars in several Arab states, and harsh versions of shari`a (Islamic law) punishment are spreading to Sudan, Nigeria, and Pakistan. Still, the Taliban's repression remains in a class by itself: denying women the right to leave home except when accompanied by a brother or husband and forbidding them all access to public education. Not only do the Taliban seek to spread their militant vision to other states, they also demand to be left alone to implement their own religious and cultural values at home without foreign interference. Leaders in Kabul insist that they not be judged by the norms of others -- especially in the West. Of course the Taliban are not the only ones to reject outside scrutiny. Florida's government, after frying several prisoners in a faulty electric chair, has only reluctantly turned to other methods of execution to conform to the U.S. Constitution's prohibition of "cruel and unusual punishment." Yet when America's Western allies tell it that the U.S. system of capital punishment is barbaric, local politicians and courts reply that it is their way and no one else's business. Which is precisely what the Taliban say. This is not to indulge in what Jeane Kirkpatrick, a former U.S. permanent representative to the U.N., has called the "sin of moral equivalence...
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...Abstract Financial planning and budgeting has become a powerful tool of any company’s financial management. Planning and budgeting is an issue that should be solved in a complex. Therefore, this final English research paper highlights three main approaches absorbed: theoretical, practical, and analytical. Theoretical knowledge cannot be applied to practice without clear understanding of business, a feeling about the actual circumstances. Practical knowledge cannot be applied to professional tasks without analytical approach. This skills and approaches are presented and proven in this research. Having faced planning and budgeting process of middle-sized company, it has been noted that some issues of this important activity absence clarity, confidence, and flexibility. In order to optimize planning and budgeting process a thorough examination has been prepared in this research paper. The Company where experience has taken place is Levi’s XX that stands for Levi’s Vintage Clothing. Therefore, the industry examined is apparel, and as a market is taken the whole Globe. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 • The purpose of the study 4 • The main conceptual problem 5 Methodology 6 1. Essence and role of financial planning and budgeting 7 1.1 Planning and budgeting role in company’s structure 7 1.2 Purpose of budgeting 7 2. Company profile, industry and market description 10 2.1 Levi’s XX story 10 2.2 Company’s structure 10 3. Principles and objectives...
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