...for Children and Families (DCF) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that result in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child (Leeb , Paulozzi, Melanson, Simon, Arias, 2008). The abuse of children has come to be a major social problem and a main cause of many people suffering and personal problems. Child abuse is a social problem that affects millions of children each year. Not only does child abuse have multiple society effects, but it also effect has individual effects that can create lifelong scars. There are many forms of child abuse, sexual, physical, verbal, and emotional. The most widespread form of child is sexual child abuse also known as incest. A study showed that about 27% of the women in every state of the union, and 16% of the men said they been sexually abuse as children. Child abuse is not always obvious, but the earlier it is caught the better the changes of recovery and appropriate treatment for the child. Knowing some of the warning signs of child abuse and neglect, a person can catch the problem as early as possible and get both the child and the abuser the help they need. Child abuse in the United States is principally the responsibility of state and local government. Each state has enacted laws defining child abuse and maltreatment, determining when outside intention is required, and establishing administrative and judicial structure to deal with...
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...able to claim the loss from Pecut Laju Sdn Bhd? Law According to the S.74 damages which is the cash compensation by a court or another’s fault or negligence in suffering, the rules for damages can and frequently do vary based on the type of claim which is presented. There are many types of damages. Special damages are those which actually were caused by the injury and include medical and hospital bills, ambulance charges, loss of wages, property repair or replacement costs, or loss of money due on a contract. There are presumed to be a result of the other party's actions is general damages, but are subjective both in nature and determination of value of damages. These damages include distress, future problems of our life and crippling effect of an injury, loss of ability to perform various acts, shortening of life span, mental anguish, loss of companionship, loss of reputation, humiliation from scars, loss of anticipated business and other harm. The third damage is exemplary damages which combines punishment and the setting of public example. Punitive damages may be awarded when the defendant acted in a malicious, violent, oppressive, fraudulent, wanton, or grossly reckless way in causing the special and general damages to the plaintiff. On occasion punitive damages can be greater than the actual damages. Although the innocent asked for compensation, they are seldom awarded. Nominal damages are those given when the actual harm is minor and an award is warranted under the circumstances...
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...THE CASE FOR ETHICAL BEHAVIOUR IN TODAY’S BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Despite the presence of professional ethical codes designed to govern professional conduct in specific industries, there has been numerous cases of unethical conducts which have led to the collapse of great companies in the past such as Enron and Worldcom. In recent times however, many organisations have been taking practical steps to incorporate ethical principles in the daily operations of the business in. The importance of business ethics cannot be overemphasized in the role it plays for any organisations whose objective is to continue in business for the foreseeable future. In the bid to maximize profitability, several managers have failed in their responsibility to act ethically in the conduct of their business because they have given less consideration to the ethical issues, which will have long term impact on the organisations, while focusing on short term financial considerations. Unethical behaviours do not just affect the organisation itself but also negatively affects all stakeholders of the organization – for example, giving bribe to a customer representative does not only affects the company’s reputation but also promotes the societal ill of dishonesty and lack of integrity; when a company is declared insolvent as a result of a fraud perpetrated by senior management, there is a threat to the source of livelihood of the employees of the organisation. Therefore, in order for a business to remain sustainable...
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...worldwide controversial issues. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, the word euthanasia comes from Greek, meaning easy death (eu: easy, thanatos: death). Euthanasia means to end the life of a person who is terminally ill or suffering from severe pain, in a deliberate way. At the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) webpage, in the section Ethics guides, under the title of Forms of Euthanasia, Religions and Death? (2009), different types of euthanasia are described, such as indirect, active, passive, voluntary, involuntary and non voluntary. On the other hand, assisted suicide is usually performed with the help of a health professional; that is why; it is usually called Physician Assisted Suicide (or PAS). The main controversy is over the different opinions on whether it is the sick patient’s decision or if it is a legal, ethical or religious issue to be considered by a third party. In order to practice assisted suicide in a country where it is legal, many factors should be present, such as the moral and religious beliefs of the patient and the physician or the patient’s family and the physician, as well as the legislation of the country where it is going to be carried out. At present, in countries where euthanasia is not legalized yet, it is very difficult to obtain legal permission to practice it. As regards the ethical field, it is the physician’s responsibility to respect and to be loyal to the Hippocratic Oath, which they swore to respect the moral...
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...Non-Compliance Report To: CEO, Executive team Purpose: The intent of this document is to discuss the recent discovery of trace amounts of lead in the whistles to be included in the Elementary Toy Collection (ETC). It details the situation, list three alternative solutions for your consideration, and gives a recommendation to the preferred alternative. Further the idea of a Code of Ethics will be presented with the benefits laid out as well as a case study of one of our competitors and their success with a code of ethics. The ultimate purpose of this document is to find an ethical solution to the current whistle problem, and create a plan to avoid such issues in the future. Situation: During production random testing is preformed to verify compliance with U.S. standards. The (ETC), with an intended audience of young grade school kids, contains a small metallic whistle. This whistle is manufactured here in our Salt Lake manufacturing facility. Post production testing showed trace amounts of lead which is just outside of U.S. allowed amounts for children 7 and younger. The whistles have already been packed in the ETC; the first large shipment is scheduled to be sent out at the end of the week to schools in South America. The lead problem has been identified in the manufacturing process and has been corrected; new whistles being produced are within acceptable limits of lead. The cost estimate to replace the whistles in the ETC units with defective whistles is roughly...
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...Introduction This manual sets forth the official compliance policies of Edward Jones. All individuals employed by or working at the firm are required to familiarize themselves with the content and review the manual at least annually. While the manual addresses policies of a compliance nature, individuals are expected to conform to the laws, rules and regulations of the industry and their particular jurisdiction regardless of whether they are covered in this manual. Standards of fairness and good business practice apply in all circumstances. Violations of laws, rules, regulations and firm policies can result in disciplinary or regulatory sanctions against an associate, as well as fines or responsibility for consequential losses resulting from the violation. References to "associate" or "associates" in this manual include general principals and financial advisors unless otherwise specified. Such references also include individuals working both in the home office and in a branch office. Please do not keep the printed manual as a reference as it will eventually be out-of-date. Commissions and Sales Background FINRA Rule 2121 requires prices and commissions charged to the client be fair and reasonable. Policy The firm and vendors with whom it has dealer agreements has either set commission amounts or a range of commissions that may be acceptably charged to a client. Individuals may not make any arrangements with clients outside the parameters set by the firm in its commission...
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...the UK- the royal assent for this act was received the 9th of November 1998 with a commencement in 2000. It is an act to give further effect to rights and freedoms guaranteed under the European convention on human rights. Rights: -Right to life -Freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment -Right to liberty and security -Freedom from slavery and forced labour -Right to a fair trial -No punishment without law -Respect for your private and family life, home and correspondence -Freedom of thought, belief and religion -Freedom of expression -Freedom of assembly and association -Right to marry and start a family -Protection from discrimination in respect of these rights and freedoms -Right to peaceful enjoyment of your property -Right to education -Right to participate in free elections This act promotes anti discriminatory practice in a way that it gives everyone the rights they deserve which can’t be taken away from anyone, therefore everyone is equal in what they can do. Data protection act- The data protection act defines UK laws on processing data on identifiable living people. It covers any data which can identify a person such as address, name, Humber, email, information is to be used fairly and lawfully. It is only used for limited specific purposes and in a way that is relevant, adequate and excessive. This promotes anti discriminatory practice as it helps protect confidentiality. Although there are times when confidentiality needs to be broken...
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...Gumdrop Northern Memorandum A. The Problem. A review of your operations reveals several ethical issues and legal malpractices. This memorandum will address three of these ethical issues as well as proposed resolutions to each issue. The first ethical problem in your practice is disregard of quality and safety of the products you offer to your clients. In doing so, this reflects that your company lacks honesty, integrity and openness in production and how they relate with their customers. My second concern involves the unlawful method that is used when terminating an employee. Labor laws provide guidelines and regulations for the hiring, retaining and termination of employees and the legal repercussions upon breach of such regulations. The organization’s actions are immoral, against labor laws and the company’s ethical regulations. You have altered the labor laws to your benefit by firing numerous employees for no apparent reason. This has been done to fit your needs as a company at the expense of the remaining workers. Aside from being a moral issue, you have run into another problem with this posing a risk for legal ramifications. Finally, Gumdrop Northern does not disclose the necessary information about the products being manufactured to clients. Your company intentionally did not tell the military about the weakness of the body armors and armored vehicles for fear of losing the contract. This puts your customers, in this case United States soldiers, at a greater risk...
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...Week 1- Law 122 : Why study law 1. Business decisions have legal consequences which affect profits and losses: * Some decisions impose liability, others create opportunities * Negative: dumping pollutants into environment * Positive: binding contractual party to promise 2. Risk mgmt. tool: Law sets the framework for risk, it gives you tools to manage the risk * Ex. Insurance, exclusion and limitation clauses, incorporation Dimensions of course 1. 2. Risk mgmt. 3. Legal reasoning: rules and analysis 4. Law/ moral dimensions What is law? * A set of principle and rules that courts will enforce * A way of thinking (or reasoning) about these principles and rules better description. Process determines legal reasoning * It is not just the result of a case that matters. The reasons for the result are where law happens. Law is bound up in the reasoning. So it is important to ask “why” and “how” not just “who won”. Law vs. Mortality Law: formally sanctioned, illegal behaviour Morality: informally sanctioned, moral behaviour 1. 2. Immoral but not illegal * Lying to friends 3. Immoral and illegal * murder 4. Moral but illegal Ethical perspective 1.1 pg.6 Can I watch someone drop without incurring legal liability? If I can legally do it,should i? Ethically is it okay? Ethical reasoning: * Focus on why something is ethically right or wrong...
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...who is suicidal, such nurses have hitherto been mostly silent on these matters. As a result, this two-part paper focuses on a number of contemporary issues which might help inform the ethical discourse and resultant Mental Health nursing care of the person who is suicidal. Part one of this paper focuses on the issues: Whose life is it anyway? Harming of our bodies and the inconsistency in ethical responses and, Is suicide ever a reasonable thing to do? The authors find that this contemporary view within the suicidology academe and the corresponding legal position in most western (developed) countries is that the individual owns his/her own body. Yet given that contemporary mental healthcare policy and associated practice positions do not reflect view, this can easily lead to the scenario where a Mental Health nurse is faced with a major ethical dilemma, and the corresponding probability of moral distress. The authors also find that it is inaccurate to posit a simple positive...
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..."A Grave Distraction of Life" I - Introduction As our professor gave us the topic we will research about, it seems like we are given an opportunity to know the reasons, consequences and other possible things why some other women choose to do it instead of doing the right things and is abortion an immoral or moral ?. It challenges us and it makes us eager to know more about the so-called "Abortion". Before we started to do the research, we talked and shared our thoughts and little knowledge about abortion and somehow it helps and motivates us to continue studying it. As we go through, we think that it’s easy and enough to just write down all the information we have by ourselves and just simply rely it to the internet and copy but were wrong it’s very difficult because the information that we have are not really the definition but rather a common meaning of abortion, we need to understand every unfamiliar word we encounter and read other references. Despite of all circumstances, we are able to discover, learn and realize a lot of things. Abortion is really a grave distraction of life it can ruin not just our sole life but also those people who are concern and love us unconditionally, it will never be a solution to a problem but rather you are making a mortal sin and it makes the situation more complicated. Abortion is also called the termination of pregnancy it is the expulsion of human fetus or innocent person. It is one of the most common problems in this world...
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...HANS PRINCE DOHERTY Forensics Journal Research and Review Table of Contents Title page 1 - 1 Journal-Research 1 - 20 Appendices 21 - 23 References and Bibliography: 24 - 25 Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) versus Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA): If so, what is the significance of knowing the better accounting method to use when identifying environmental cost? It has become indispensable for companies to increase their responsibility regarding all facets of the environment and to acclimatize existing practices to cause limited environmental impairment; more especially at this present time when stakeholders linger ‘bitterly’ about how corporate failure have influence organization’s environmental performance and measurement issues. Yoking this emergent obligation within the corporate sector is consequently a strategic component in any strategy for accomplishing the goal of sustainable development; and evaluating the viability of such a strategy requires both the resolution of scientific...
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...WHY IS COMPETITION IMPORTANT FOR GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION? Nick Godfrey Session 1.3.: Competition policy This paper was submitted in response to a call for papers conducted by the organisers of the OECD Global Forum on International Investment. It is distributed as part of the official conference documentation and serves as background material for the relevant session in the programme. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent those of the OECD or its member governments. OECD Global Forum on International Investment OECD Investment Division www.oecd.org/investment/gfi-7 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction How is Competition Policy Linked to Growth and Poverty Reduction? A. Competition policy B. Competition policy and growth C. Competition policy and poverty reduction Competition in Developing countries The Competition Assessment Framework Background Content How to select sectors and markets for assessment 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 8 8 9 9 Identify the relevant markets and the competitors Examine the market structure Look for barriers to entry Ascertain if government policies or institutions limit competition Consider vested interests Look for signs of anti-competitive practices actions by firms Draw conclusions Conclusions References 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 12 Department for International Development, London OECD Global Forum on Investment, March 2008 2 Why is Competition Important for Growth and Poverty Reduction? ...
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...A. Torts 1. Compensatory and Punitive Damages Tort law involves civil liability between private parties. A plaintiff who wins a tort suit usually recovers the actual damages or compensatory damages that she suffered because of the tort. Depending on the facts of the case, these damages may be for direct and immediate harms, such as physical injuries, medical expenses, and lost pay and benefits, or for harms as intangible as loss of privacy, injury to reputation, and emotional distress. In cases where the defendant’s behavior is particularly bad, injured victims may also be able to recover punitive damages. Punitive damages are not intended to compensate tort victims for their losses. Instead, they are designed to punish flagrant wrongdoers and to deter them and others from engaging in similar conduct in the future. Theoretically, therefore, punitive damages are reserved for the worst kinds of wrongdoing. Punitive damages have always been controversial, but they have grown more so in recent years due to the size of some punitive damage awards and the perception that juries are awarding them in situations where they are not justified. 2. Negligence Defenses The common law traditionally recognized two defenses to negligence: contributory negligence and assumption of risk. In many states, however, one or both of these traditional defenses has been superseded by new defenses called comparative negligence and comparative fault. Contributory negligence is the plaintiff’s...
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...approach to risk regulation that shifts the burden of proof on safety, can provide a valuable framework for preventing harm to human health and the environment. Cass Sunstein and other scholars, however, have consistently criticized the Principle, rejecting it as paralyzing, inflexible, and extreme. In this reassessment of the Strong Precautionary Principle, I highlight the significant benefits of the Principle for risk decision making, with the aim of rescuing the Principle from its dismissive critics. The Principle sends a clear message that firms must research the health and environmental risks of their products, before harm occurs. It does not call for the elimination of all risk, nor does it ignore tradeoffs, as Sunstein has alleged. Rather, through burden shifting, the Principle legitimately requires risk creators to research and justify the risks they impose on society. By exploring where the Principle already operates successfully in U.S. law—examples often overlooked by the critics—I highlight the Principle’s flexibility and utility in regulatory law. This Article uses chemical regulation as a case study in how the Principle can guide Congress in an ongoing controversy. Congress is considering a major overhaul of the flawed Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA), and this change could be one of the most significant developments in environmental law in a generation. This Article advocates implementing the Strong Precautionary Principle in a replacement statute for TSCA...
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