...visual applications. Still other fields focus on challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems. Human–computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. History The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity, aiding in computations such as multiplication and division. Further, algorithms for performing computations have existed since antiquity, even before the development of sophisticated computing...
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...|1 | | |Politics and political science | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Political science is the study of politics in all its aspects. Occasionally politics is used as a synonym for political science: sometimes| | | | | |as the title of university departments of political science. This may be confusing. Although a few political scientists have become | | | | | |politicians, and even more rarely politicians have become political scientists, the activities of the two, despite impinging on each | | | | | |other, are quite different. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1.1 What is politics? |...
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...Poverty in Canada since 1989 The poverty rates across Canada have seen a rise and fall since 1989. The poverty rates are based on age, gender and family type. However, the poverty rates have seen a decline since 1989. The poverty for all persons in 1988 was 10.8% and in 2007 it was 9.2% (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). That is a 14.8% decrease in poverty for all persons in Canada over time (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). The decline in poverty could result for many reasons. Education, jobs and the economy of Canada may have improved a lot during the past twenty years. Canada is a developing country and is seeing improvements in social status of people. The class system plays a huge role. Could it be that families across Canada are moving up a class? Persons in economic families had a poverty rate of 8% in 1988 and it dropped to 6% in 2007 (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). It can be seen that there is a 25% decrease in poverty for persons in economic families over time (Statistics Canada, 2009, Table 202-0802). Therefore persons in economic families are doing well compared to how they were in 1989. It is pretty clear that the economy of Canada is developing. This would not be the case if poverty had increased during the past twenty years. Poverty still exists, no doubt about that but it will continue to decline if Canada continues to improve its economic situation. Poverty still exists for many reasons such as people in poor class work as much as...
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...Since 1863, Americans have defined freedom as a war that needed to be fought to preserve the American ideal and moral justice. Three texts cover the extensive topic of American freedom: Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody, Letter from Birmingham Jail written by Martin Luther King Junior, The Bush Doctrine by President George W. Bush, and finally The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln. America has been fighting this overreaching war for centuries and will continue to fight this battle. Each one of these works clearly spells out the injustice done to the American people. More importantly, these works show that from 1863, America has been at war with itself and with others on the extensive issue of freedom. First, in the novel Coming of Age in Mississippi, Anne Moody discusses her life as an impoverished African American. She grew up with one pair of shoes until she wore them out and having beans for dinner night after night while constantly moving with her family because of the different jobs her mother had so she could provide what little they had. The final words of the novel, “I WONDER. I really WONDER” are the best examples of the war on freedom in the novel because they sum up what Anne Moody was doing as an activist during the civil rights movement. She realized that freedom was under attack just like Abraham Lincoln in the “Gettysburg Address” when he said, “It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought...
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...Global Warming: Fact or Fiction AIU Lower Division Capstone BUSN 300 Outline Introduction/Thesis: I. History of Global Warming A. A driving force for the argument 1. A debate that global warming is in fact a fiction 2. A debate that global warming is a fact II. Argumentation A. The Melting Glaciers B. Weather that is Difficult to Follow Conclusion/Closing: Global Warming: Fact or Fiction For years the glaciers have been melting and catching people’s attention, this has resulted in the rise of over 6 in. in the sea level where as a hundred years ago it was much lower. This raises the question as to whether global warming is a fact or fiction. Literature on global warming is comprised mostly on intelligent discussion on having "too much caution on global warming" (Nature, 1991) or "global warming is real" (Kerr, 1989, p. 603) rather than fiction. Let me break this down for you people, society is using to much resources and energy in assuring ourselves that global warming is in fact an issue at all. The top debate in favor of global warming being fiction is the lack of scientific evidence connecting the emissions of greenhouse gases as a result of human activity with global warming (Brown, 2010, p. 26). First and for most any connection at all is completely uncertain and there is no proof. Then we also have, people in today’s that say global warming is a fact and say that society, "have caused a number of environment issues, such as global...
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...Sustained growth in India since the 90s According to the neo-classical theory, growth is only sustainable if it is driven by technological progress or productivity growth. Innovation and incentives to innovate are therefore essential. In order to increase incentives, some institutions and/or policies should be put in place. Firstly, well established property rights create incentives for innovation through increased returns mainly because investors can keep a bigger portion of the profit they make. Secondly, an effective education system increases efficiency of technologies and investment and reduces cost of skilled labour which in turn increases return of innovation. Thirdly, macroeconomic stability and consequent low interest rates encourage entrepreneurial behaviour. Another important factor is the access to credit and a sound financial market, which makes it easier to borrow money for projects. Lastly, higher competition among incumbent firms and higher entry threat will encourage innovations by incumbent firms close to the technological frontier. In what follows, we try to provide an answer to why the "take-off growth" in the 80s is not considered as sustainable and what the factors of the sustained growth in the 90s m Although the liberalization reforms in the 80s contributed to a long-run productivity growth, it is argued that the accelerating growth of the 80s was not sustainable, mainly because the government boosted demand through domestic expenditures (Panagariya,...
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...Was the demise of the Soviet Union caused principally by American policies or growing domestic unrest across the Eastern bloc? Student Name: XIANG MA Student ID Number: 2112688 Module Code: V12153 Module Title: The Contemporary World since 1945 Module Convenor: Sarah Browne At the end of 1991, the Soviet Union, the world’s first socialist country with the largest territorial area suddenly disintegrated without any war and foreign invasion, which was one of the most important global events in the 20th century and it shocked the world to a huge extent[1].Since then, there have been heated debates and discussion about what caused the demise of the Soviet Union. Some scholars think that internal factors such as social crisis and growing domestic unrest led to the end of the Soviet Union while others believe external factors like the policies of the US and Western Europe resulted in the end of the Soviet Union. This essay strongly agrees that the demise of the Soviet Union was caused principally by growing domestic unrest across the Eastern bloc rather than American policies. The Soviet Union was a multi-ethnic country built on the ruins of the Czarist Russia characterized by its nation. The ethnic issue of the Soviet Union was longstanding. During the history of more than 370 years starting from Moscow Grand Duke Ivan IV declared him to be Czar and established the Czarist Russia in 1547 until the Czarist Russia was overthrown in 1917, the Czarist...
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...Final Paper Ashford University: HIS 204 American History Since 1865 Jo Macek 11/23/2014 Dating as far back as the early 1800's women’s roles were being challenged and questioned, it was not so much the women’s rights marches of the 60's but it was the beginning of that revolution. A lot of changes happened throughout the U.S. in the nineteenth century changing the lives of all women in all of the levels of society. In the terms of legally and socially women were considered unequal to their male companions. However, due to the efforts of women during the 1800s in challenging their place in society intellectually, socially, economically, and politically proved to be effective. During the early part of the 19th century women’s character was espoused with four basic attributes: piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. Even foreign visitors to America during this period found fault in American males attitude towards women, they thought males treated women as inferiors and subjected women to double standards. "By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law; that is, the very being and legal existence of the woman is suspended during marriage." This is according to a 1765 law established by Sir William Blackstone an English barrister, and American law followed this principle thereby the wife "belonged" to the husband. Jane Addams co-founded one of the first settlements in the United States, the Hull House in Chicago, Illinois. Addams was known for her work...
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...Name: Tutor: Course: Date: World History since 1945 Truman Doctrine The doctrine is named after the then-president Harry Truman. The speech made by the president before Congress in 1947 gave birth to the doctrine. The reason President Truman made the speech was because Britain had announced that they will no longer support the Greek government economically and military wise. Through the doctrine, the government of United States of America (USA) promised to provide political, army and economic aid to all democratic countries under threat from authoritarian powers. It further outlined the change in the USA foreign policy from its usual withdrawal stance from regional conflicts not directly touching on the country, to one of intervention in conflict all over the world. The doctrine also promised to help Turkey and Greece economically and through military actions against the communists this after Britain announced that they would be withdrawing their support. These countries were to receive $400,000,000 aid. The doctrine contents were justified by the need to help free people in their fight against totalitarian rule which would undermine international peace and hence affect the security of the USA (Jones, 36). NSC-68 The National Security Council Paper NSC-68 was a top secret report meant to confront the treat the hostile design of the Soviet Union had on the USA. The report banned the regeneration of US isolationism arguing that it will result in Soviet Union supremacy...
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...15 de septiembre del 2015 Primer Amor * Protagonista tenia un ideal de belleza que creaba un deseo en el que no entendí de donde salía (le da sentido de superioridad y sensación de que es un hombre) – proviene de una tradición donde la mujer ocupa el papel de Dios en la religión, o sirve de intermediaria entre el hombre y Dios * Idea del amor platónica – el amor convierte al hombre mas poderoso * Mensaje mas peligroso para la autora decirlo abiertamente, porque va en contra de una tradición de dominio patriarcal social que las autoridades no hubieran aceptado * Se escribe en la época de Clarín * Época post-romántica * Finales siglo XIX Estructura * El cuento moderno no tiene moraleja, clímax y desenlace común * Tema aparente – lector común * Lector cómplice – comprende que detrás del tema aparente hay una estructura moral y un mensaje escondido; profundos deseos y creencias de los personajes * ¿Cómo se presenta la lógica de las ideas que nos han llevado a descubrir el tema? ¿Cómo se desarrolla el tema? * Cada vez la va desnudando mas y haciéndola suya – mantiene una pauta * El piensa que es un camino puro – idea platónica – pero la autora nos hace el comentario que no es nada puro a través de la connotación sexual y la idealización * Deseo de poder que esta vinculado al consumo sexual, no al de respeto a la mujer, sino que mas bien como medio a un fin * El piensa que esta en un camino ideal...
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...OCT 6 — The deputy prime minister maintains (“Putrajaya says Malaysia was colonised, disputes MPN’s version of history”, The Malaysian Insider, October 5) that the Malay Rulers “retained their sovereignty while under British rule, [even though] they were compelled to accept advice from their colonisers.” This may make practical sense to a political “spinmaster”, sloganeer or “message manager” and certainly to a political party leader and spokesman. But to an informed student of political philosophy it makes no good or clear sense. If by “daulat” one means a traditional aura of royal sanctity, grounded broadly in Southeast Asian (and originally Hindu-Buddhist) cosmology, then the largely powerless Malay Rulers may have enjoyed that kind of metaphysical prestige. The British not only permitted but actively encouraged them, in their mutual interest, to enjoy that kind of sublime elevation and closely managed dignity. But if one here means sovereignty in the jurisprudential and political-philosophical sense of absolute, or at least ultimate, reality-defining authority, then under the British the Malay Rulers were regrettably bystanders, or largely sidelined outsiders, to that kind of rule-grounding and law-founding political standing. That may be an unpalatable conclusion to draw. But unpleasant truths too must be faced. The Malay Rulers, sad though the point may be for many to accept, were not, during the years of British rule, the ultimate basis of effective, operative...
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...Catering Equipment Specialists Since 1983 As the leading catering equipments provider in the UK, Nisbets is relied upon through the industry as a reliable, knowledgeable and dedicated supplier of a huge range of products. Used by restaurants, cafes, bars, pubs, hotels, the professional chef, caterers and commercial kitchens, Nisbets is renowned for quality, service and a wide range of products Nisbets.co.uk stocks over 20,000 items, including chefs knives, catering clothing and chefs whites, utensils, crockery, cooking machines, cookware, refrigeration, ovens, microwaves, restaurant equipment, hotel equipment and bar supplies. Also sold is safety footwear, aprons, furniture, bbq items, glassware and blenders. A large range of top brands such as Kenwood, Dualit, Buffalo, KitchenAid, Vogue, Panasonic, Werzalit, Samsung and Churchill are stocked. These are all priced extremely competitively, but there are also budget options. All products sold are selected for quality and performance. The catering clothing range offers mens, womens and unisex designs. All the leading ranges of chefs knives from brands including Global, Victorinox, Wusthof, Dick and many more are sold. The knives are of exceptional quality and are great value investments. We also stock high quality budget options for those working to a stricter budget. There are many different commercial ovens available including electric and gas ovens, convection ovens, combination ovens, ranges and pizza ovens. We also...
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...Since the 1980’s the world economy experienced many changes. Some examples are trade, technological advances, communications and information, and the global financial crisis. The U.S endured a deep recession throughout 1982. Business bankruptcies rose 50 percent, Farmers were especially hard hit, as agricultural exports declined, crop prices fell, and interest rates rose. By 1983, inflation had eased, the economy had rebounded, and the United States began a sustained period of economic growth. The annual inflation rate remained under 5 percent throughout most of the 1980s and into the 1990s. While the U.S was going through they’re recession, in the 1980’s to the 1990’s Japan dominated trade. Exporting goods and services to the rest of the world showed global completion and the affect it had of management of International companies. Following Japan’s footsteps came the Asian Tigers which consist of Hong Kong, Singapore, Twain and South Korea. The rest of the world followed and saw the advantage of globalization In 1989, barriers across the world broke down with the fall of the Berlin Wall at the end of the Cold War (Friedman 45). That made international investment and information easier to pass borders through borders. The three main elements that initiated this modern globalization is the advance of technology, finance and communication (Friedman 44). The most significant element out of all is the rise of modern technology. Technology gave led to telecommunication and computerization...
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...Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? India was a latecomer to economic reforms, embarking on the process in earnest only in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy shift had become evident much earlier, as many countries in east Asia achieved high growth and poverty reduction through policies which emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the private sector. India took some steps in this direction in the 1980s, but it was not until 1991 that the government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. India’s economic performance in the post-reforms period has many positive features. The average growth rate in the ten year period from 1992-93 to 2001-02 was around 6.0 percent, as shown in Table 1, which puts India among the fastest growing developing countries in the 1990s. This growth record is only slightly better than the annual average of 5.7 percent in the 1980s, but it can be argued that the 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of external debt which culminated in the crisis of 1991. In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable external stability despite the east Asian crisis. Poverty also declined significantly in the post-reform period, and at a faster rate than in the 1980s...
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...The Changing Role of Women Since 1865 “It can be said that the feminist movement has resulted in action and legislation; that in consciousness-raising it has found a new technique and self-realization; that at its very best it has counseled that men as well as women should be able to do and to be whatever they wish- and that if this involves men staying at home while women work, so be it” (Banner, 1974, p. 250). Women have come a long way since the late 1800s. They have fought many hard battles to change the way they were viewed in American society and have achieved much over the decades. The movement of women’s rights and being treated as an equal to men has been part of history for well over 100 years as women fought to be heard by obtaining a higher education, equality in the job market and in the voting booth. “Before the Civil War women could attend only three private colleges. After the war they had new ones all their own, among them Smith (1871), Wellesley (1875), and Bryn Mawr (1885)” (Davidson et al., 2008, p. 587). In the 1920s, a woman with a college education was part of a small advantaged group. The female students were discriminated against and in some cases, were asked to withdraw from courses so that a man could take her place in the classroom. Women were not taken seriously in the college setting. Men were the ones with the bachelor’s or master’s degrees at a rate of two to one. However, by 1970 this rate did change. For every five men that received...
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