...The trans-Atlantic slave trade resulted in the force migration of Africans by Europeans to the New World; they would eventually become the slave labor for the plantations in the New World. Even though Europeans were staunch defenders of political and economic freedoms at home, they had no problems with being involved in the practice of slavery overseas. Historians have attempted to analyze the impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on both the Old and New World. Historians have focused their scholarly examinations on the global context of the Atlantic slave trade as way of getting a better understanding of why it was that Europeans came to settle on Africans as their preferred work force in the New World. While the focus of the field of study has been on the commercial and economic aspects of the slave trade, there have been attempts at shifting the narrative from that of economics to the cultural aspect of it. There needs to be a comprehensive analysis of the social and economic impact of the slave trade on the development of Africa. Also, gender roles during the slave trade should become a point of emphasis for historians. Historians have pointed to the economic development of the colonies in the New World coupled with the decimation of the native population as the genesis of African slavery in the Americas. As Herbert Klein...
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...scholar, Peter P. Ekeh’s claim applies true to the contemporary politics of the Democratic Republic of Congo by tracing its historical struggle with slave trade and colonisation; and its resultant internecine warfare and exploitation of resources. THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SLAVE TRADE Slavery is one of the most emotive issues in history. According to Black (2015), slavery is similar to war: in one light, enforced servitude, like large-scale, violent conflict, is easy to define. But, what the slave trade means for the history of East Africa or the Mediterranean lands is different from what it means for the Atlantic world. By the middle of the eighteenth...
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...IE History Unit 1 |Duration |theme |Topics |Learning outcomes |Teaching activities |Resource material | |September 18-21, 2007 |introduction to CAPE history, |Establishment of class rules. |1.Students should recognize the importance |Teacher introduction.- outline of course |CAPE History Syllabus | | |2. Indigenous societies. – an |1.Overview of syllabus & Assessments. |of acquiring a personal copy of the |syllabus, course assessment, submission | | | |overview of historiography. |Identifying learning styles of students. |syllabus for the course. |policy, expectations, etc. |Computer Lab. & Multiple | | | |Introduction to the historiography on |2. Students should appreciate the rationale|Class discussion. |Intelligencies exercise . | | | |indigenous societies: The Maya |and general aims...
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...Influences on the Middle East and trans-Atlantic slave trade In Race and Slavery in the Middle East An Historical Enquiry, the author, Bernard Lewis, tackles difficult subjects such as slavery and racism without prejudice and manages to explain the slave trade development in the Middle East along with the great influence and contribution it had on the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Whether it was by enforcing institutions, networks, commercial patterns or Middle Eastern concepts or by following different ways of the slave trade. With his impartial academic analysis, the reader is able to comprehend the history behind the region where slavery lasted the longest. His twenty-four colorful illustrations where the reader can appreciate the culture of slavery are a great example of local perceptions in the Middle East. Slavery in the Middle East was a tolerable institution. From the very beginning the reader can appreciate that “the institution of slavery indeed had been practiced from time immemorial” and thus establishing the slave trade in the Middle East as something passed down from ancient civilizations. Although the methods for obtaining slaves changed throughout the time something that stay in consistency about the slave trade in the Middle East was tolerance. Tolerance, for the Middle Eastern, not only meant acceptance but compassion. All communities were united in order to urge slave owners to treat their slaves as humanely as possible and to ensure this policy was followed...
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...Chapter 17 Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes 1750–1914 MARGIN REVIEW QUESTIONS Q. In what ways did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to the Atlantic revolutions? • The Enlightenment promoted the idea that human political and social arrangements could be engineered, and improved, by human action. • New ideas of liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, republicanism, human rationality, popular sovereignty, natural rights, the consent of the governed, and social contracts developed during the Enlightenment, providing the intellectual underpinnings of the Atlantic revolutions. Q. What was revolutionary about the American Revolution, and what was not? • The American Revolution was revolutionary in that it marked a decisive political change. • It was not revolutionary in that it sought to preserve the existing liberties of the colonies rather than to create new ones. Q. How did the French Revolution differ from the American Revolution? • While the American Revolution expressed the tensions of a colonial relationship with a distant imperial power, the French insurrection was driven by sharp conflicts within French society. • The French Revolution, especially during its first five years, was a much more violent, far-reaching, and radical movement than its American counterpart. • The French revolutionaries perceived themselves as starting from scratch in recreating the social order, while the Americans sought...
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...Atlantic Slave Trade In the mid-1400s, Portuguese ships sailed down to West African coast to avoid the Islamic North Africa that has monopolized the trade of sub-Saharan gold, spices, and other commodities that Europeans wanted. During these voyages there were many maritime discoveries that were unknown to European’s traditional limit of navigation, south of Cape Bojador, which with time will make it easier for them to navigate the Atlantic. At the beginning, Portuguese were only in the search of gold and other commodities, but with time their interest also went to the African people. Lancarote de Lagos, a Portuguese navigator, sailed in the Senegal River and captured a group of Africans and carried them off into slavery. During this period, race was not a major factor to be carried into slavery. Slaves were composed of many individuals of different ethnicities who were captured after a war, had a debt, and other situations. The Atlantic slave trade was set in motion mostly for the production of sugar. Nowadays, the production of such a benign thing such as sugar to have caused a massive slave trade is really hard to understand. However in those days sugar was not taken for granted. European’s ever-growing sweet tooth was the driving force for the development of the Atlantic world. Because the work of growing sugar was so burdensome, free workers would not do it willingly and that is why the industry came to depend upon slave labor. Starting in 1492 when Christopher Columbus...
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...Most people in the world, at some point in their life, has learned something about slavery before. However, just like the Holocaust, there are some facts people are ignorant about. The secrets about slavery most people do not know is, enslavement of Africans occured because there was a massive demand for labor, people were benefitting for it, and also it was justified. In the late 1400s, Atlantic Slave Trade started within three continents; North America, Europe, and Africa. Which resulted in the exchangement of ten million Africans to the Americas. This idea of expanding labour through slavery affected the world. Even though slavery is a horrible and an evil act, in the 1400s there was a massive demand for labor and most of the labor needed in the New Colonies were very intense and there was not enough settlers and indentured servants, a...
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...The Transatlantic Slave Trade The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade took place across the Atlantic Ocean from the 16th through to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of slaves transported to the New World were Africans from the central and western parts of the continent, sold by Africans to European slave traders who then transported them to North and South America. The numbers were so great that Africans who came by way of the slave trade became the most numerous Old World immigrants in both North and South America before the late eighteenth century. The South Atlantic economic system centered on making goods and clothing to sell in Europe and increasing the numbers of African slaves brought to the New World. This was crucial to those European countries which, in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, were vying with each other to create overseas empires. The evolution of slavery is crucial to understanding the importance of currently standing issues. Slavery began in 1440 when Portugal started to trade slaves with West Africa. The first Africans imported to the English colonies were also called “indentured servants” or “apprentices for life”. By the middle of the sixteenth century, they and their offspring were legally the property of their owners. As property, they were merchandise or units of labor, and were sold at markets with other goods and services. By the 17th century, Western Europeans developed an organized system of trading slaves...
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...Running-head: Slavery The Atrocities of Slavery Christopher Tracy Arnold AIU Throughout the course of history mankind has lived by the old cliche “live by the sword die by the sword, but is that what they halfheartedly believe? Darwin believed in his theory of natural selection, yet how can a nation or tribe advance when barbarians are constantly looking for people to subjugate and enslave? Maybe the en slavers do not believe what goes around comes around as in karma. In today’s society slavery can be interpreted in different ways according to the culture of the people. In this topic discussion slavery and the atrocities associated with it will be examined and explored. . One of the largest and prime examples would be the African Trans-Atlantic slave trade. Although not the only slave trade engineered by Europeans, Jews and Spaniards it was by far the most horrendous of slavery. The Trans-Atlantic slave trade involved the kidnapping, torturing, and murder of an astounding number of Nubian African...
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...Atlantic Chattel Slavery Through the progression of slavery, we see a gradual but dramatic change the way people viewed slaves. Many factors aided the deterioration of treatment towards slaves from a people to property mindset. Whether it was the beginning of the African Slave Trade, the economic driven cash crops, British laws passed to control slaves or the development of British Low Country each factor belittled the human aspect of a slave. To understand how one gets labeled as “cattle” we must understand where it came from. We first look at the beginning treatment of slaves to gather a comparison on how it differed from Atlantic Chattel Slavery. Slaves in the early east Africa were generally war captives of conquering dynasties. Islamic religion helped to maintain the humanity of these war captives. They were accepted as a member of the family (nation) but the lowest ranking one. Islamic members who owned slaves had obligations to educate and convert them to Islam. They also made it illegal to sell children from their parent which in turn was a cultural device to bring outside people into the society. After two generations of slavery these families were accepted into the society. Slaves during this time would also live to the same standards as their owners. This means a slave owned by a wealthy person would have a better lifestyle (clothes, food, etc.) than a poorer one. Slavery was still not a positive experience but when we compare to the lifestyle of Caribbean/America...
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...The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade took place from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. During the Atlantic Slave Trade between twelve to twenty million slaves were brought to the Americas from Africa. An estimated two million Africans did not make it across the Atlantic to the Americas. The Atlantic Slave Trade was part of the Triangular Trade; trade that went from Europe to Africa on to the Americas then back to Europe, creating a triangular shape across the Atlantic Ocean. Millions of slaves were forced to come to the Americas from their home in Africa. This had many effects on not only Africa and the Americas, but the rest of the world also. So, what were the effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade? The biggest effect the Atlantic Slave Trade had was the help in the development of the Americas. Population loss and social disruption from trade caused the underdevelopment of Africa. The culture in the Americas also changed as the slaves brought their culture with them. Although there were many negative effects from the Atlantic Slave Trade there were also some positive ones. The slaves had a large impact on the development in the Americas as they caused the growth in agriculture and the economy. If the slaves were not brought over to the Americas, the development would not have been as fast or large. Because they were forced to work long hours and do jobs nobody else wanted to do. Because they were cheap labor, landowners could buy many so there would be more slaves...
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...The Trans-Atlantic slave trade occurred during the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries. In determining the role that trans-Atlantic slavery played in shaping the United States economy, one need only to look to the expanding role of labor intensive agriculture, particularly cotton after the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney, as a major factor in this development. Slavery provided a reliable labor force that strengthened and increased the capitalism in the economy of the emerging United States. It was soon discovered by European colonists that the abundance of land they were settling was useless without sufficient labor to exploit it. The first attempts at filling these needs proved to be unsuccessful or unreliable. The Native...
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...In Africa, Europe and the Middle East all had slavery going on and had similarities to the forms of slavery that was used on the slaves. These three areas were really important because that’s where it all started. Slavery began in 1492 in Africa because of the trade across the Mediterranean and the Atlantic sea which led to slaves into Italy, Spain, Southern France and Portugal. Then slavery in the middle east began right after and then soon came along slaves in America. All of these different countries had slavery, but how are they all the same? Chattel Slavery is one form of slavery which went into America from the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Since the Africans were property, chattel was the only way Europeans could become richer than Africans...
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...people. In the centuries succeeding the Columbian discovery of the New World, major world powers began the race to imperialism. Because of this contest to colonize the New World, extensive trade networks were formed across the known world. Goods from the Africans went to the British colonies, and goods from the colonies went to the mainland to later be distributed across the globe. The goods traded varied from bourbon and rum to guns and bows and arrows to the item people wanted most: slaves. Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, nearly 10 million to 20 million Africans were enslaved and...
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...Africans were stripped from their homes in Africa to become slaves in European colonies in North and South America and the Caribbean. Despite this act of exploitation, Africans were more beneficial than Native Americans because they were plentiful and easily replaceable, Africans had to ties to the land, and they knew how to grow the essential crops such as; sugar and cotton which grew Africa, the Caribbean, and the southeastern United States. African slaves were an essential factor to the wealth of Wall Street and since this wealth stayed within the slave owners, not the slaves, blacks remained socioeconomically subordinate to whites for generations to come. Slavery continued for nearly 300 years when Britain, America, and other countries that contributed to the trans-Atlantic slave trade abolished it. Even after slavery ended, the foundation of modern capitalism, white supremacy, and racial inequality was in full...
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