...Chattel Slavery is often considered one of the worst and most horrific forms of slavery that the world has ever seen. The Atlantic slave trade was conducted by the Portuguese, the US, Britain, and Spain, for the most part. Slaves were taken from Africa and shipped across the Atlantic to the Caribbean, Southern America, and for a small part North America. The slave trade is the origin of almost all african populations throughout North and South America. The slave trade can be seen as one massive forced migration. The amount of slaves brought to the Americas was so great that the native tribes in Africa had a low population in men, which caused polygamy to become much more popular. Chattel slavery was the most brutal form of slavery used in...
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...Law and the Internet: Trespass to Chattels Abstract: This paper focuses on the use of Trespass to Chattels Law by owners as protection against the intentional use of their systems or the resources therein by unauthorized parties. The trespass to chattels law cannot be correctly applied to internet-related property rights because this law is being incorrectly used and does not adequately address the concerns of internet property owners and the rights they seek to protect. The 19th Century trespass to chattels tort is being utilized in cyberspace to protect systems against unauthorized use in the same way it is used to protect tangible/physical property. This law was first used by internet service providers (ISPs) to fight against unsolicited bulk email or spam, which was being sent in excess over their networks and systems. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the blanket application of this law to the internet has an adverse impact on the key function of the internet. Trespass to chattelslaw is now commonly used to fight against Robots (BOTs), which are automated programs that search the Internet. In many cases such as eBay v. Bidder’s edge, and Ticketmaster Corp. v. Tickets.com, this law was used to fight the ability of users to search the internet and of providers to present data to users. This ability to search and present data is the primary purpose of the internet, and the overbroad application of trespass to chattels law, without any form of modification...
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...Racism v. Slavery Although Western European explorers treated Africans as chattel during the African slave trade, racism did not play a component in who were considered slaves. Racism did not create slavery, slavery created racism. Africans being used as chattel was a result of competition between the Americas and East Asia. The Europeans simply did not want Asia to have superiority over them. Africans were sold into two distinct slave trades, the Atlantic slave trade and the trans-Saharan slave trade. The Atlantic slave trade was predominantly composed of African males. The purpose of these males was to provide hard labor in the fields as gardeners and harvesters. Unlike, the Atlantic slave trade, the trans-Saharan slave trade included...
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...Discrimination is the prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, action, or treatment towards others (Oxford, 1997). Prejudice and discrimination has been going on since the beginning of time. Prejudice and discrimination started years ago with slavery. Chattel, Child, Debt bondage, and Servile marriages are four types of slavery. Chattel slavery is when one person actually owns another person. Child slavery is when poor families actually send their children out into the streets to beg and steal to survive. Debt bondage slavery is when employers pay their workers such low wages that it is not enough to survive. And last servile marriages is where families will marry off their women against their wills for the pleasure and satisfaction of the man. (Macionis, 2010) When someone mentions prejudice and discrimination one tends to think whites verses blacks. Prejudice and discrimination can be towards another person because of their race, sex, color, or even religious belief. Some slavery families do not know anything else but slavery and they actually found a type of comfort with it. Because of previous generations participating in these traditions has become a family law or tradition. Many traditions have become a norm for families in slavery and are still important, especially in the South. This explains why southerners have had and still have a hard time changing their prejudice and discrimination views. Southerners worshiped their past, it became their present, and it has...
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...A Horrific 19th Century Slavery: The Afro-Americans’ Unrevealed Truth (The Long Song and The Known World) A Term Paper Submitted to: Marie Anne Balanni English Teacher Submitted by: Nikka Ocampo Student INTRODUCTION Why most people in the ancient times are slave victims? Why do slavery happens in the past? This is what I wanted to discover in my research. When we talk of slavery, it refers to a condition in which individuals are owned by others, who control where they live and at what they work. Slavery had previously existed throughout history, in many times and most places. The ancient Greeks, the Romans, Incas and Aztecs all had slaves. To be a slave is to be owned by another person. A slave is a human being classed as property and who is forced to work for nothing. Andrea Levys’ novel entitled “The Lost Song” and Edward T. Jones’ “The Known World” revealed to us the plight of being a slave rooted from their ancestral family and own personal experience as a slave. The two books have the same plot that unraveled the world of human existence happened in 19th century where forced labor centered in the sugar cane plantation. The main characters have a slight difference because the first one is directly the slave victim and the latter is born slave but became a slaver, owning a slave he bought. The Lost Song is set in the time of slavery and it is a story about a person’s life and the times they lived through. July a black house slave, is the main character that tells her...
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...on throughout the book is one which touches many of us deeply, slavery. As a person who has studied both law and religion and who is now embarking on a study of moral theology & ethics, I was highly interested in reading what John T. Noonan a distinguished scholar -author and member of the U.S. Court of Appeals- had to say in such an arena. Having heard him lecture, I was interested to see how his viewpoint translated into this type of arena. I was not disappointed. Throughout our course we not only discussed how this work dealt with such a topic, but we also discussed our own viewpoints on this very topic. Within the following paper I will discuss the issue of slavery, in the form of a synthetic paper, and how not only how it has evolved, but also the various positions the church has had concerning such an issue. As a backdrop, I will also use what Noonan outlined in his book as well. Therefore, this paper will be in the form of a review of Noonan thoughts (which will utilize various points from my prior presentation on this topic)/synthetic paper on the issue of slavery within the Catholic Church. John T. Noonan builds A Church That Can and Cannot Change on the fact that the deposit of faith cannot change. In the early chapters Noonan identifies three areas where change in moral principles has definitely occurred in the course of the history of the Catholic Church. These principles are slavery, usury and religious liberty. He also points to a fourth...
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...12 Years a Slave | Dr. Autry | Khristopher Foreman | It was a Friday night at the Lockhart where they had Black Film Festival, where they were showing the movie “12 Years a Slave”. They were serving free popcorn and a soda for the first 100 people. They showed the movie on this gigantic screen with surround sound. The movie was about a black man in the 1840’s named Solomon Northup, who lives as a free man in Saratoga, New York with his wife and two children. He earns a living as a violinist, on what he believes will be an out of town music gig. He is instead drugged and sold into slavery in the Deep South under the name Platt as that is for whom the slave trader has papers. Initially, incredulous to his plight, he decides that cooperation is the best way to survive. He sees few others in the same situation as him, but slowly he is separated from those with who he has built support. This process continues over his life as a slave, as he is at the mercy of whomever his master at the time and his master's associates who work on their own priorities. He finds that cooperation generally gets one nowhere and sometimes can get one into further trouble due to jealousy. At times, he cannot take the emotional abuse, his actions which lead to physical abuse. There are also times where he thinks he can trust someone to get himself out of his plight only to be turned upon instead. But as bad as his situation is, he finds that others are in much more dire straits, they will do anything...
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...development of a fully informed decision-making approach to anti-trafficking policy and practice, and the improved provision of appropriate services for children being trafficked for prostitution. Hence the necessity, as I see it, for a reconsideration of victim-status and its constituents. The qualitative research methodology used in this research involved semi-structured interviews conducted throughout the United States and an extensive review of current literature. The sample population included individuals from a wide spectrum of expertise including United States governmental agencies and local non-governmental organizations with experience and knowledge of child trafficking and prostitution. Introduction Human trafficking is the slavery of our time. Exactly 200 years ago, Britain and the United Stated formally outlawed the transatlantic slave trade. Today, nothing has changed, many countries are affected by people who migrate out of despair and it is easy for human traffickers to transform a dream into a market (Lagon, 2008/2009). International Organizations issued reports on the problem with facts and figures that are often unreliable, given the opaque manner of data collection. The United Nations estimated that at least 12 million...
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...progressed, changes in the colonies also brought changes between these two different groups. The path to the Revolution brought about new ideologies concerning freedom and liberty, causing colonists to question their own ideas of freedom and liberty, as well as the idea of what freedom and liberty should mean to slaves and indentured servants. Indentured servants and slaves were similar in many ways in both their lifestyles, the way they were treated themselves, and the way their children were treated; however, their differences become very evident when discussing their progression into slavery or servitude, and their progression to freedom. Throughout the majority of time during the 17th and 18th century, indentured servants and slaves were considered to be of the same rank and were treated fairly the same. For a while, most colonists adhered to English common law, which did not acknowledge chattel slavery or the ownership of a human being as property. While indentured servants had to bind themselves in writing to their owner for about three to seven years, many of the early African slaves worked for their masters for life, although they were not legally enslaved (Henretta and Brody, 49). Because of this, and the fact that many slaves had converted to Christianity, some of the earlier slaves were able to escape their bondage and become freemen, therefore having white colonists look upon them differently than later African slaves. Similarly, indentured servants and their masters were...
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...THESIS In the monograph, New England Bound, the main thesis is that, despite the myths modern Americans have heard about slavery, American slavery is no longer defined by the nineteenth century Southern colonies; slavery was just as important in the New England colonies’ building and economic prosperity. The history of slavery is much more complicated than what modern Americans have learned in school as enslaved people were a part of Northern industry far before “King Cotton” emerged in the South. Slaves in the New England colonies were not strictly defined by race; there were Indian slaves and African slaves laboring alongside English colonists in the beginnings of America. Warren challenges the traditional claim that institutionalized slavery was southern colony-centric by giving ample evidence that slavery was used before the southern colonies were even a thought. The very survival of Jamestown depended on the presence of slave societies in the West Indies. Furthermore, Warren proves that slavery was essential to the colonists’ survival...
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...Analysis of Transitional and International Crimes Comparative Criminal Justice 330 Professor Marcella Wilhoite Strayer University Jacqueline R. Suarez October 14, 2013 United States has accused three countries of continuing to abet human trafficking. Russia, China, and Uzbekistan have been trafficking humans and forcing labor. President Obama stated that he would impose sanctions, all while trying to maintain relations with each country on strategic issues. All three countries have a combined estimate of 27 million victims. These countries are also responsible for forced labor, child labor and prostitution and even chattel slavery. Chattel slavery is where people are treated as property and can be bought and sold and forced to work. President Obama is threatening to sanction these countries by ceasing any type of foreign aid and withholding of American support from the World Bank. “The State Department’s rankings are required by law and a recent amendment by Congress forced the administration’s hand in cases where countries were on a “watch list” for more than consecutive years.” (Myers, 2013) Human trafficking is considered a Transitional crime as these crimes “are offenses whose in caption, acts, and impact involve more than one country.” (Dammer & Albanese, 2010) Transitional crimes happen between countries. Human trafficking is considered a transitional crime because humans are “trafficked” from country to country. These are crimes that occur...
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...historiography. First, I will discuss how the various methodologies and sources have fueled the diverging opinions within traditional research. Second, in order to compare the role of race in bound labor institutions outside the Chesapeake, I will examine the systems that developed in regions of Africa and Imperial Russia. Third, I will ask whether the question of which came first, racism or slavery, is the right one for historians to ask. This question leads into the final inquiry. By assigning a “starting date” for racial classification and discrimination, have historians attempted to assign or divert blame for the atrocities associated with the chattel slave system, practiced throughout the southern United States, until the conclusion of the U.S. Civil War. Despite the prominent placement of slavery and race within American historiography, a great deal of inaccuracies and misconceptions regarding the institution remains in popular culture. Since the topics of race and race relations continues to influence our society it is important to regularly reexamine how historians present the topic of slavery and the methods and intent with which they do so. ...
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...role of female writers in abolishing slavery?” Women were not able to vote and little influence on the political scene; regardless of this, they played an important role in the abolition of the Slave Trade and slavery in the British colonies. In the early years, women were not direct activists and were not expected to take part in politics. Lady Margaret Middleton helped persuade William Wilberforce to take up the cause but could not become actively engaged herself. However women found their own ways to campaign. They wrote imaginative literature on slavery, such as Hannah More's publications. In 1792 Mary Birkett Card wrote 'A Poem on the African Slave Trade' and, as the campaign became more popular, many women, from all walks of life, (including Georgina, the Duchess of Devonshire and Bristol milk-woman Ann Yearsley) published anti-slavery poems and stories. These were aimed at a wide readership. Former slaves such as Phyllis Wheatley wrote their own poems and accounts that were extremely influential. (quoted in “The Abolition Project”) However as the main food purchasers, women played an important role in organizing the sugar boycotts of the 1790s, after the bill for the abolition of the Slave Trade was defeated in Parliament in 1791. Over 300,000 people joined a boycott of sugar which had been grown on plantations that used the labor of enslaved people. The Abolition Act, passed in 1807, abolished the Slave Trade but not chattel slavery. A child born to an enslaved person...
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...IE History Unit 1 |Duration |theme |Topics |Learning outcomes |Teaching activities |Resource material | |September 18-21, 2007 |introduction to CAPE history, |Establishment of class rules. |1.Students should recognize the importance |Teacher introduction.- outline of course |CAPE History Syllabus | | |2. Indigenous societies. – an |1.Overview of syllabus & Assessments. |of acquiring a personal copy of the |syllabus, course assessment, submission | | | |overview of historiography. |Identifying learning styles of students. |syllabus for the course. |policy, expectations, etc. |Computer Lab. & Multiple | | | |Introduction to the historiography on |2. Students should appreciate the rationale|Class discussion. |Intelligencies exercise . | | | |indigenous societies: The Maya |and general aims...
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...Exploitation can be defined as an act of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work or to fulfill their own selfish purposes, whereas labor is defined as the use of physical and mental efforts in the creation of goods and services. So based on Caribbean history even laborers before the 20th century were taken advantage by their owners to gain benefits. Firstly the exploitation of the Caribbean with reference to the encomienda labor system. This system was created in 1512 by the Spanish to control and regulate American Indian labors (Arawaks/Tainos) during the colonization of the Americas. The word ‘encomienda’ comes from the Spanish word encomendar, "to entrust." The encomienda system was the earliest introduction of inhumane slavery as historians believed as one of the most damaging institutions that the Spanish colonists implemented in the New World. In the Americas, the first encomiendas were handed out by Christopher Columbus and institutionalized by Governor Nicolas de Ovando (1503) in the Caribbean. The Spaniards were referred to as the ecomendero because their responsibility was to ensure the well being of the Tainos by offering protections from pirates, educated about new Spanish language, provide them with food, clothing and instruct them on Christianity. But, alas, these promises were short-lived. The Tainos were supposed to provide their ecomenderos/owners: labor/service gold, silver, metals, crops and other agricultural products in exchange for the protection...
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